第19讲情态动词和虚拟语气(核心考点)-2024年高考英语一轮复习(全国).docx

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1、第19讲 情态动词和虚拟语气(核心考点精讲精练)考情探究1.三年真题情态动词和虚拟语气考点细目表时间卷次语法填空/短文改错/单项选择2023 年新高考I卷语法填空:/新高考II卷语法填空:/全国甲卷语法填空:/ 短文改错:/全国乙卷语法填空:/短文改错:/北京卷语法填空:/浙江卷(1月)语法填空:/(6月)语法填空:/天津卷单项选择:/2022 年新高考I卷语法填空:/新高考II卷语法填空:/全国甲卷语法填空:/短文改错:/全国乙卷语法填空:/短文改错:/北京卷语法填空:/浙江卷(1月)语法填空:/(6月)语法填空:/天津卷单项选择:/2021 年新高考I卷语法填空:/新高考n卷语法填空:/全

2、国甲卷语法填空:/短文改错:/全国乙卷语法填空:/If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be better now.如果你当时遵循医生的建议的话,你现在就好多了。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.如果你昨天跟他谈过了,你现在就知道该做什么了。(3)、有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来,而是隐含在某些词或短语中,或隐含在上下文中,这 叫含蓄条件句。常用的这类词或短语有:without(要是)没有in case万一,以防 but f

3、or要不是 for fear that唯恐 otherwise否则 or否则 I couldnt have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.如果没有你慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。 We would have put Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.要不是约翰最近受伤了,我们昨天就把他的名字加到参赛名单上了。We lost our way in that small village, otherwise

4、 we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.我们在那个小村庄迷路了,要不然昨天我们就能参观更多的名胜。二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句Point 1虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的用法虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had+过去分词对将来的愿望would/ could+动词原形Where are the children? The dinners going to be complete ruined.-I wish they werent always late.-孩子们在哪里?

5、晚餐就要被(他们给)彻底破坏了。一我希望他们不要总是迟到。I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.我希望明天你和我们一起去。Point2在表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的动词后的宾语从句中,常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用 “(should-+)动词原形”。常见的此类动词有 一坚持:insist 二命令:order, command四建议:suggest, advise, propose, recommend五要求:require,

6、 request, demand, desire 9urgeThe graduate insisted that he should go to work in the south.这位大学毕业生坚持要到南方工作。 The leaders ordered that a fact-finding group should be formed.领导们命令成立一个事实调查小组。 Her mother suggested that she (should) go and see the doctor. 她妈妈建议她去看医生。 The panel demanded that the report (sh

7、ould) be made public.专家小组要求公开这份报告。【特别注意】当suggest意为“暗示,表明insist意为“坚持认为,坚持说”时,后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气, 不用虚拟语气。 His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。 He insisted that he hadn*t stolen the money.他坚持说他没有偷过钱。Point 3在“It is/was+形容词/过去分词+that”句型中,that引导的主语从句使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“(should-+)动词

8、原形”或“ should have+过去分词”。常见的此类形容词和过去分词有 desirable值得拥有的;值得做的advisable明智的fitting合适的 essential极其重要的important重要的natural自然的;正常的necessary必要的 proper合适的 strange奇怪的 urgent急迫的suggested 建议 requested 要求 proposed 建议 desired 渴望 ordered 命令 recommended 建议 required 要求 resolved 决定 It is necessary that we (should) put

9、theories into practice.我们有必要将理论付诸实践。 It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.真奇怪,他竟然没有告知我们就走了。Point 4表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词用“(shoukl+) 动词形常见的这类名词有: advice建议 demand要求 desire渴望 idea想法 motion动议,提议 order命令 plan计划 proposal 提议 request 要求 suggestion 建议 His demand is that

10、 the boy (should) go with them.他的要求是这个男孩和他们一起去。(表语从句) We agreed to the order that the task should be completed beforeSo* clock.我们都同意这个命令:在五点前完成这项任务。(同位语从句)Point 5在would rather后的宾语从句中,从句如果表示对现在或将来的虚拟,从句用一般过去时(be动词 一般用were);如果表示对过去的虚拟,从句用过去完成时。 I would rather I left now.我宁愿现在离开。 I would rather you cam

11、e next month.我宁愿你下个月来。 I would rather he had passed the exam我宁愿他已经通过了 考试。三、虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用Point 1虚拟语气用于as if/ as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词 般用were)与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来事实相反would/ could/ might+动词原形 You treat them as if they were your parents.你对待他们如同他们是你的父母。(与现在事实相反) He acted as though n

12、othing had happened. 他表现得若无其事。(与过去事实相反) They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.他们谈了又谈,好像永远不会再见面了。(与将来事实相反)【特别注意】当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,从句要用陈述语气。 It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。 .He talks as if he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他像是醉了Point 2在Ifs(high/ about)time(that)句型中,that引导的定语从句通常

13、用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词 用过去式(did)或“ should-+动词原形(should不能省略),意为“该是的时候了” Jack is a great talker. It*s high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.杰克是一个夸夸其谈的是时候他应该去做点什么而不是仅仅空谈了。 It is time that you went/should go to bed, Tom. 汤姆,你该去睡觉了。Point 3虚拟语气用于if only引导的条件句或感叹句虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式或(be

14、动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来事实相反would/ could/ might+动词原形If only I were younger now!要是现在我年轻一些该多好啊!(与现在事实相反)If only you had worked with greater care!要是你更细心地工作该多好啊!(与过去事实相反)If only I could go to the moon one day!要是我有一天能到月球上该多好啊!(与将来事实相反)only if:意为“只有.(才)引导条件状语句,不用虚拟语气。I told him he would succeed only i

15、f he tried hard.我告诉他,只要他努力就会成功。典例引领.1. (2022 秋,广东深圳,高三校考阶段练习)He recommended shesome research about what a healthycandy would contain.A. doB. didC. would doD. to do【答案】A【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:他建议她做一些关于健康糖果含有什么的研究。分析句子可知,“recommended” 后为宾语从句,空处为从句谓语;在英语中,recommend后接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动 词用should+动词原形,should可省略。故

16、选A。2. (2022 秋广东深圳高三校考阶段练习)I to return early but they just wouldn9t let me go.A. intended B. have intended C. was intending D. had intended【答案】D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:我本打算早点回来,但他们就说不让我走。结合句意表达“本打算做某事(而 未做)“用had intended to do,是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故选D。即时检测1. (2022 春,全国高三专题练习)The woman insisted that the lost child to

17、stores information desk so his parents could be informed.A. be takenB was takenC. takingD. must be taken【答案】A【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:这位女士坚持要把走失的孩子带到商店的咨询台,以便通知他的父 母。insist作“坚持”讲时其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语部分为“should+动词原形,should可省;主语child 和take之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;此处用be done构成含情态动词的被动语态。综上,故选A。2. (2022 春全国高三专题练习)It seemed as

18、 if the world to an end.A. is coming B. were coming C. was coming D. has come【答案】B【详解】考查动词时态和虚拟语气。句意:仿佛世界末日即将来临。因指的是过去的事情,主句用一般过 去时,从句用过去进行时表示过去将来,as if表示“仿佛”,后接从句要用虚拟语气,be动词用were; come to an end表示“结束。故选B。3. (2023河南郑州,关B州夕卜国语学校校考模拟预测)But for my casual attitude, I wouldnt have been dismissed and with

19、 my colleagues on the project now.A. might have workedB. would be working C. were to work D. had worked【答案】B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是我的随意态度,我不会被解雇,并且现在会和我的同事一起工作。结合语意可知,由于随意的态度,我已经被解雇,现在没有和同事一起工作,所以“现在会和我的同事一起 工作,是非真实情况,应用虚拟语气;且本句为错综时间条件句,根据句中now可知,空处是对现在的虚拟, 谓语动词应用would be working。故选B项。好题冲关过关检测l.Why didnt

20、you tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here through the heavy snow.A. needn!t have drivenB. couldnft have drivenC. should have drivenD. must have driven【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词+havedone。句意:你为什么不告诉我今天没有开会?我本不必在大雪中一路开车来这里。A. neednt have driven 不必开车(已完成);B. couldnt have driven 不可能开车(已完成);C. shoul

21、d havedriven 本该开车(却没有);D. must have driven 一定开车(已完成)。根据前文“Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today?”句意可知,needrft符合句意。故选A项。2. I regret that I waited in the queue for a long time to buy the ticket this morning. I it online.A. could buyB. must buyC. could have boughtD. must have bought【答案】C【详解】

22、考查情态动词。句意:今天早上我排队等了很长时间才买下这张票,我感到很后悔。我本来可以 在网上买的。could have done表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事,但实际上没有那样做,通常译为“本来 可以L故选C。3. (2023天津耀华中学校考一模)I asked in the bookshop about Will Duttons latest book, but all they _tell me was that it would come out before the end of the year.A. mightB. mustC. couldD. should【答案】C【详解】考查

23、情态动词词义辨析。句意:我在书店询问威尔达顿的新书,但他们只能告诉我,这本书将在 今年年底前出版。A. might 也许;B. must 必须;C. could 能够;D. should 应该。根据I asked in the bookshop about Will Duttons latest book,”可知,书店店员只能告诉这本书将在今年年底前出版。故选Co4. (2023天津红桥统考二模)一I turn on the TV for you, Grandpa?Yes, thanks a lot, my dear. Youre so considerate.A. Shall B. Must

24、 C. Will D. Need【答案】A【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:爷爷,我来帮你打开电视好吗? 是的,非常感谢,亲爱的。 你真体贴。A. Shall应该,将会(在疑问句中和I连用,表示提出或者征求意见);B. Must必须,一定;C. Will 将;D. Need需要。根据“I”可知,此处表示征求意见。故选A。5. (2023天津和平统考二模)Next time, read the small print in the document before you sign it. Youmake the same mistake again.A. mustnt B. needntC. do

25、n9t have to D. wouldnt【答案】A【详解】考查情态动词。句意:下次,在你签署文件之前,先看看上面的小字。你不允许再犯同样的错误 了。A.mustnt禁止;B.neednt没必要;C.dont have to不必;D. wouldnt不愿意。根据句意可知,此处表示 禁止在犯同样的错误,故选A。6. (2023天津河东统考二模)Those responsible for the accident_be punished while those contributing to solving the problems be rewarded. promised the offic

26、ial then and there.A. needB. shallC. mustD. should【答案】B【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:”对事故负有责任的人要受到处罚,对解决问题有贡献的人要受到奖励产 那个官员当场答应道。A. need需要;B.shall (表示说话者的意图、允诺、告诫、警告、命令、决心等)一 定会,必须,应该,可以;C.must必须,一定;D. should应该。shall用于第二、三人称表示“允诺,警告, 命令,等语气。这里是表示“命令”的语气。故选B。7. (2023天津,模拟预测)一Will you read me a story about Astronaut

27、 Yang Liwei, Mummy?一OK. You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. mightB. mustC. couldD. shall【答案】D【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意: 妈妈,给我讲个航天员杨利伟的故事好吗? 好,如果你 尽快上床睡觉,我就给你讲一个。A. might或许;B. must必须;C. could可能;D. shall将会,应该。shall 用于第二、三人称,表示允诺、命令,威胁等,此句是表示允诺。故选D。8. (2023春,天津南开,高三南开中学校考阶段练习)Johnny, youplay w

28、ith the knife, youhurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. shouldnt; must C. mustnt; may D. cant, wouldnt【答案】C【详解】考查情态动词。句意:Johnny,你不要玩刀,你也许会伤到自己。A. wont不将;cant不能;B. shouldnt 不应该;must 一定,表示推测的可能性大;C. mustnt禁止,不应该;may也许;D. can、不可能;shouldnt 不应该。根据“play with the knife”可知,第一空表示的是禁止做某事,禁止玩刀;玩刀也许会伤到自己,不 能说一定会伤到自己。故

29、选C。9.(2023天津红桥统考一模)You and I never be a Mozart, or a Newton, but there are lots of things wedo to bring beauty or joy to the world.A. may; can B. can; mayC. must; canD. might; could【答案】A【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你和我可能永远不会成为莫扎特或牛顿,但我们可以做很多事情来给世界 带来美丽和欢乐。分析句意可知,第一空表示对现在或将来情况的一种推测,表示“可能”应为may可以用于否定句中;第二空是表示“能力”应用c

30、an意为“能做,会做”符合语境。故选A项。10. (2023 春,天津,高三天津一中校考阶段练习)Old agebum and rage at the close of day; rage, rageagainst the dying of the light.A. couldnt B. shouldC. wouldntD. shall【答案】B【详解】考查情态动词。句意:老年应当在日暮时燃烧咆哮;怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。A. couldnt不能;B. should 应该;C. wouldnt 不会;D. shall 将要。根据“rage, rage against the dying of t

31、he light.”可知,老年应该 在日暮之时燃烧和咆哮。故选B。11. (2023天津模拟预测)Its eleven oclock already.you watch the movie at such a late hour?A. CanB. MustC. MayD. Shall【答案】B【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:已经11点了。这么晚了,你一定要看电影吗? A. Can能,可以; B. Must必须,一定,偏要;C May可以,可能;D. Shall(表示说话人的允诺、命令、决心等,用于陈述句 的第二、三人称)必须,应,可。情态动词must可以表示坚持或固执,表达“偏要,偏偏”符

32、合语境。故选B 项。12. (2023天津校考模拟预测)With no gravity to push against, astronauts9 bones and muscles becomeweak.A. should B. mustC. canD. need【答案】C【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:由于没有重力的推动,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得脆弱。A. should 应该;B. must 必须,一定;C.can 能,可能(表可能性);D. need 需要。由“With no gravity to push against, astronauts9 bones and muscle

33、s和become weak”可知,句子表示“由于没有重力的推动,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉 可能会变得脆弱”,空格处表示“可能会,应用can表推测,故选C。13. (2023天津校联考模)Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model,a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.A. could have enjoyedB. may enjoyC. must have enjoyed D. can enjo

34、y【答案】A【详解】考查情态动词。句意:张桂梅,一位著名的道德模范,本可以享受更好的生活,但两者她都不关 心,她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法,表示“原本”含义的情态动词结构为:could have+过去分词,A项“could have enjoyed(本能够享受)”与句子表达的含义一致,故选A项。14. (2023,天津,高三专题练习)When Della returned from skiing, her parents complained that she herlegs when she fell over.A. should have brokenB. must ha

35、ve broken C. could have broken D. would havebroken【答案】C【详解】考查情态动词。句意:黛拉滑雪回来时,她的父母抱怨她摔倒时可能会摔断腿。根据上文“her parents complained(她的父母抱怨户可知,黛拉滑雪摔倒时可能会摔断腿只是一个对过去可能会发生的事情的推测, 而且仅仅为理论上的可能性,应使用情态动词can或could,再根据情态动词的用法,表示对过去事实的推 测要使用“情态动词+ have +过去分词”结构,故选C项。15. (2023秋,天津南开高三天津市第九中学校考期末)My painobvious the moment

36、 I walked into theroom, fbr the first man I met asked sympathetically, Are you feeling all right?”A. must be B. may beC. might have been D. must have been【答案】D【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意:在我走进房间的那一刻,我的痛苦一定很明显,因为我遇到的第一个 男人同情地问我:“你感觉还好吗?”根据句意可知,此处表示对过去动作的肯定推测,应用must have done0 故选D。16. (2023 秋,天津河北高三统考期末)一 Excuse m

37、e, where is George?一 George too far. His coffee is still warm.A. must have goneB. might have goneC. can9t have goneD. neednt have gone【答案】C【详解】考查情态动词+havedone。句意: 劳驾,请问George在哪儿? George肯定没有走远。他的咖啡还是热的。A. must have gone肯定离开;B. might have gone可能离开;C. cant have gone不可能离开; D. needrft have gone本没有必要离开。结合

38、His coffee is still warm可知,此处表示对过去情况的否定推测, 应用 cant have done。故选 Co17. (2023天津和平,统考一模)Youso slowly. I just needed a few seconds to get used to your voice.A. shouldnt speakB. couldnt have spokenC. dont have toD. neednt have spoken【答案】D【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:你没有必要说得那么慢。我只需要几秒钟就能习惯你的声音。A.shouldnt speak 不应该说;

39、B. couldnt have spoken 不能说;C. dont have to 不必;D. neednt have spoken 没有 必要说。结合语意,我只需要很短的时间就能习惯你的声音,所以你没有必要说得那么慢。故选D项。18. (2023 秋,天津河西,高三统考期末)一Its really tiring for me to stand in the queue for three hours to get the G-train ticket.You. You could have got one online.A. mustn9t have B. shouldnt have C.

40、 can9t haveD. neednt have【答案】D【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意:排队三个小时才能买到G型列车车票,对我来说真 的很累。你不需要这样。你可以在网上买一张。A. mustnt have (done)肯定没有做;B. shouldn,t have (done)本应该做;C. cant have (done)不能够做;D. neednt have (done)本不必做。根据下文“You could have got one online.”可知,此处表示对过去事实的相反假设,应用“情态动词+have done”结构,答语是简略回答,have 是助动词,

41、标志着完成时态,不可省略。结合语意,你能来可以在网上买票,所以你本不必排队三小时去 买车票的,应用neednt have (done)o故选D项。19. (2023天津红桥,统考一模)一Ifs nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasnt turned up yet.一She the time. Why dont I call and see what happened?A. shouldn9t have forgottenB. might have forgottenC. needn have forgottenD. must have forgotten【答案

42、】B【详解】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意:现在快八点一刻了。贝丝还没出现。她也许忘记了 时间。我为什么不打电话看看发生了什么?根据句意可知,贝丝没有按时出现,我想打电话看看发生了什 么,由此可知,贝丝也许忘记了时间,“might have done”表示“也许已经做了某事”,符合语境,shouldnt have done”表示“本不该做某事,而实际上做了,“needn* have done”表示“本不必做某事,而实际上做了,“must have done”表示“必定做了某事(表示对过去的推测)”,均不符合语境。故选B项。20. (2023天津校联考一模)一Marys score

43、on the test is the highest in her class.一Really?She have studied very hard.A. may B. ought to C. must D. should【答案】C短文改错:/北京卷语法填空:/浙江卷(1月)语法填空:/(6月)语法填空:/天津卷(第一次)单项选择:could(第二次)单项选择:may have made2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年对于情态动词和虚拟语气主要考查:1 .高考对情态动词的考查集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词+ have done”结构语法上。2 .对虚拟语气而言,主要考查其在条件状

44、语从句和名词性从句中的运用。【备考策略】1 .掌握情态动词的基本用法和推测用法;2 .掌握情态动词+have done的用法;3 .掌握if虚拟条件下的虚拟语气(包括省略if的虚拟条件句);4 .掌握含蓄虚拟条件下的虚拟语气;5 .掌握特殊句式中的虚拟语气。【命题预测】情态动词和虚拟语气在历年全国卷高考中并非重点,但是在天津卷和上海卷中市重点,仍然是 高中英语语法学习中的重难点。考点梳理情态动词基本概念情态动词本身有词义,但是没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有时态的变化,但是不能独立作谓语。情态动 词可以表示:能力、义务、可能性和允许等等意义;情态动词还可以用来给人们:提出请求、建议、意见 以及提

45、供帮助等等。考点一情态动词基本用法和意义【详解】考查情态动词。句意: 玛丽的考试成绩在班上是最高的。真的?她一定学习很努力。根 据上下句句意可知,此处为must have done表对过去事实的推测,她一定很努力学习。故选C项。21. (2023 秋天津,高三天津市第四十七中学校考期末)We showed up early and had to wait two hours before the ceremony began. We.A. shouldnt hurry B. neednt have hurriedC. mustnt have hurried D. wouldnthurry【答案

46、】B【详解】考查动词。句意:我们到得很早,在仪式开始前等了两个小时。我们本不必这么匆忙。A. shouldnt hurry 不该匆忙;B. needn have hurried 本不该这么匆忙;C. mustnt have hurried 肯定不这么匆忙;D. wouldnt hurry将不这么匆忙。由语意可知,我们来得早,还等了两个小时,因此可知,我们不需要来这么早,不必 这么匆忙的,此处考查needn* have done结构,表示“过去本不必要做但已经做了。故选B项。22. (2023上海宝山统考二模) However, everyonebe careful of the catfish who hide in the shadows. Ifsomeone seems too good to be true, they probably are!【答案】4should【详解】考查情态动词。句意:然而,每个人都应该小心隐藏在阴影中的龄:鱼。分析句子结构可知,空后 是动词原形,所以空处应是助动词或者情态动词,根军句意,此处表达“应该”之意,所以填情态动词should。 故填 shouldo23. (2023上海松江统考二模)If youd rather perfect your technique in person, you also find free yo

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