《完形填空解密05瞻前顾后揣摩语境（讲义高考英语二轮复习讲义分层训练（新高考专用）（教师版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《完形填空解密05瞻前顾后揣摩语境（讲义高考英语二轮复习讲义分层训练（新高考专用）（教师版）.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义完形填空解密05瞻前顾后揣摩语境的复习要点【构建知识体系】完型填空考点1词汇复现考点2习惯搭配考点3行文逻辑考点4生活常识和文化背景考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境【英语学科素养解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读在一篇约250词的短既考主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语文中留出15个空白，要求查考生的辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻考生从每题的给的4个选英语基础辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能项中选出最佳选项，使补知识，又考力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（15足的短文意思通顺、前后查考生综分）。连贯、结构完整。合运用语言的能力，
2、【剖析全国高考真题】 预测高考命题方向2020-2022年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计年份试卷类型体裁词数话题考点分布2022 年2022全国新 高考I卷记叙文231文章主要讲述了作者和家 人在旅行过程中经历过的 趣事与冒险，并且作者和家 人都十分期待即将经历的 冒险。名词5动词4动词短语1形容词3副词J介词短语1辑或语境的联系，这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信 息，以达到解题的目的。典例2016全国 I Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 (backed off
3、) and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 (free) to go. They let him and the other man go.57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver剖析在完形填空的解题中，运用空前信息解题是最常用的解题方法之一。从上文“Once fire and emergency people arrivecT可知警察赶到现场。答案B【变式精讲】【例 11 2023 安徽省皖南八校第二次大联考】But that day, when h
4、e did exercise figuring out, he began feeling dangerous. He couldnt carry his arms above his shoulders and felt ache in his chest. He 44 he was having a heart attack.43. A. cleverly B. halfwayC. blindlyD. bitterly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是那天，当他做了一半的运动时，他开始感到危险。A. cleverly聪明地；B. halfway一半；C. blindly盲目地；
5、D.bitterly愤怒地。根据后文“He couldnt carry his arms above his shoulders and felt ache in his chest.(他的胳膊不能举过肩膀， 感到胸口疼痛户可知，运动到一半，身体不舒服。故选B。【例 2】【2023,山西省三重教育 12 月联考】Making artful lunches for Mollen children helps29 her guilt. She is a working mother and she is not available for her kids after school. Her ar
6、tful lunches are her way of reminding her children that she is missing them.29. A. easeB. blameC. breakD. prove【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为莫伦的孩子们制作巧妙的午餐有助于减轻她的内疚感。 A. ease缓解，使轻松；B. blame谴责；C. break打破;D. prove证明。根据下文的“her guilt” 和“She is a working mother and she is notfor her kids after school.可知，制作这样的食物减轻
7、她的内疚，因为她没有时间陪伴自己的孩子。故选A。例 3 2023 届高三第一次学业质量评价(T8 联考)Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10 during winter. 2 in the harsh winter without wearing a coat, a boy wrapped his arms around himself on a bus stop bench.21. A. Thinking B. JumpingC. SleepingD. Trembling【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意
8、：一个没有穿外套的男孩坐在公交车站的长椅上，在寒冷 的冬日瑟瑟发抖。A. Thinking思考；B. Jumping跳；C.Sleeping睡觉;D. Trembling发抖。根据空前“Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10 during winter.”和空后“w汕out wearing a coat,”可知，冬天很冷，男孩没有外套；由此可以推出男孩是在冬天里冷 到发抖。故选D。例 4 2023 山西部分重点中学 12 月月考】Like these! Delilah said, holding up some p
9、icturebooks. Were they 23? I thought. I didnt know how to get a book published. Still, I didnt want to destroy their creativity I said/OK. What do you want it to be about?”23. A. prayingB. jokingC. cryingD. replying【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们在开玩笑吗？ A. praying祈祷；B. joking开玩笑;C. crying 哭泣；D. replying 回答。根
10、据后文“I didnt know how to get a book published.（我不知道如何让一本书出版）”可知，作者感到不可置信，认为孩子在开玩笑。故选风2022全国新高考II卷记叙文209主要介绍了 Jessica和丈夫 通过当看房人来环球旅行 的事情。在他们免费住在陌 生人家里的过程中，他们会 在房主不在的时候喂宠物、 给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接 受为看房人的成功率很高， 他们总是超出房主的预期。名词7形容词4动词42021 年2021-英语 全国甲卷记叙文254文章主要讲了 Burchill住酒 店时，给朋友携带的意大利 香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃 跑的过程中，造成了一些东 西
11、的损坏，Burchill间接给 酒店造成了损失。酒店把 Burchill歹U入了黑名单， Burch川被终身禁止入住该 酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了 道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑 自己被终身禁止入住酒店 的决定。最终，他的信起作 用了。动词9动词短语1名词4介词短语1形容词4副词12021-全国 高考乙卷夹叙夹议248文章通过作者做护士期间 遇到的一个女病人为例，表 达了我们应该对别人的付 出表示真诚的感谢，即使他 们只是做了自己分内的事。名词7动词9动词短语1副词2形容词12021-全国新高考I卷记叙文220文章主要讲了在一次春假 时，我去工厂打工赚钱，感 触颇多。父亲认为这种工作 不仅能让
12、小孩子感谢得到 的报酬，而且能够学会尊重 那些从事这项工作的人。动词8动词短语1名词4形容词22020 年新课标卷I夹叙夹议文260作者以现实中的门，引申出生活 中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育动词4动词短语2理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕 告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们 才可以在生活的道路上，不再被 各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓 住机遇，勇往直前。名词7形容词3副词2介词短语1新课标卷II记叙文281文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo 的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两 幅画。动词11名词4形容词3副词2新课标卷III记叙文270作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是 要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的 矛盾，不然当事情
13、发展成不愉快 的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人 的一天。动词8动词短语1 名词4形容词3 副词2介词短语2【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题还会 文章基本控制在4-5段，250个词左右，且趋于稳定。文体以记叙文、夹叙夹议为主，话题多样，但均贴近生活。对于记叙文，要按照记叙文的 6要素理顺所叙事情的脉络，还要重视其背后的情感线索。文章均是正能量十足的好文章。 文章结构大致相同，都是以总一分或总一分一总”结构为主，第一段是主旨段，提出话 题，之后的几个段落展开说明或深入议论。每个段落内部也同样基本采取“总一分”或“总一 分一总”结构，段落开头点明该段的大意，然后再展开详细阐
14、述，必要时再做一简单总结。 考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境1.12022新高考 I My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our 21 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.21. A. ideasB. jokesC. memoriesD.discoveries2LC考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的
15、孩子很小 的时候。A. ideas 想法；B. jokes 笑话；C. memories 记忆；D. discoveries 发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文especially from the early years when our children were little”可推知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆 是有趣的。故选C。2.【2022新高考 I I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to o
16、ur spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 24, and his crying let the whole campground know it.24. A. unhurtB. unfortunateC. uncomfortableD. unafraid24.C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。 根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist
17、to keep him near to our spot.以及下文his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。 故选Co3. （2022 年新高考全国 H 卷】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it 2. She and her husband have spent the last twoyears traveling
18、 the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.21. A. indoors B. onlineC. single-handed D. full-time21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事 这项工作。A. indoors 室内;B. online 在线的；C. single-handed 单手的；D. full-time 全职的。 根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, s
19、topping everywhere fh）m Paris to Singapore.（在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加 坡都在这里停留户可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。4. 2022 年新高考全国 H 卷】Throughout their no-cost stays in 25 homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowners 26.25. A. strangers9B. parents9C. co-workers5D. neighbors526. A. favorB. defenseC. h
20、onorD. absence27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的 时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A.strangers陌生人的；B.parents，父母的；C.co-workers，同事的； D. neighbors，邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的 时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C.honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。 根据上文“they feed pets and water pla
21、nts in the homeowners”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给 植物浇水。故选D。29. 2022 年新高考全国 II 卷】But house sitting also offers a level of 29 they cant find in a hotel. Its like staying at a friends house J Jessica says.29. A. support B. comfortC. controlD. attention29.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support 支持；B. comfort舒适
22、，安慰；C.control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋 友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。6.【2021 全国新高考 I 卷】It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for plans help during our spring break, for which I had no 44 beyond listening to my favorite records.43. A. generous B. financialC. technicalD. temporary
23、【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我 除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial财政的；C. technical 技术的；D. temporary暂时的。根据“during our spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。 故选Do7.【2021 全国新高考 I 卷】rd 45minimum wage. Fd see how a factory worked.45. A. offerB. earnC. setD. suggest【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我挣的是最低工
24、资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得；C. set 放置；D. suggest建议。根据minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。8.【2021 全国新高考 I 卷】Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing （糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.Remove bunny from the belt.48. A. joysB. ideasC. rolesD. choices【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任
25、务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. joys欢乐；B. ideas观点；C. roles任务；D. choices 选择。 根据“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing （糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. Remove bunny from the belt.可知这是我们的任务。故选Co9.【2021 英语全国甲卷】As he was 25that it would be too warm, he laid it out on the table near an
26、open window.25. A. surprised B. pleasedC. excitedD. worried【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着 的窗户。A. surprised感到惊讶的；B.pleased高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D.worried担心的。 根据he laid it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心意大利香肠会太热，所以把 它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。10.【2021 英语全国甲卷】The seagulls immediately
27、went wild. They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to get out at the same time, and pepperonieverywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real 34.34. A. messB. puzzleC. fightD. challenge【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。A. mess混乱； B. puzzle 不解之谜
28、；C. fight 打架；D. challenge 挑战。根据The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，现场一片混乱。故选A。11. L2021 ,全国高考乙卷】We had a woman patient who was44 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed（ 下）from what was eventually discovered to be a
29、heart attack.44. A. departing B. escapingC. retiringD. recovering【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing 出发，离开；B. escaping逃跑；C.retiring退休；D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病 人从床上摔下来可知，病人正在恢复中。故选D。12. 2021 全国高考乙卷】The collapse was disastrous, requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.
30、 But she recovered, though 48、and was ready fbr discharge（出院）afterfour weeks.48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowlyD. happily【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly 轻微地；B. accidently意外地；C.slowly缓慢地；D.happily幸福地。根据上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。故选C。13.【2021 全国高考乙卷
31、】On her day of discharge, we shared in her delight at her recovery. As she was 51 she was eager to say goodbye to each of us in the nursing team.51. A. operating B. thinkingC. hesitatingD. leaving【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说 再见。A. operating手术；B.thinking思考;C. hesitating犹豫；D. leaving离
32、开。根据上文的 “on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选 Do14.12020,山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国I卷）When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. Beside, the number of snakes ha
33、d declined as well.23. A. preciousB. interestingC. disturbingD. awkward24. A. wasteB. tensionC. painD. damage【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令 人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的;C.disturbing令人不安的,引起烦 恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数 量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。【答案】D【解析】考查名
34、词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的 损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害， 伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。15.【2020海南省高考英语试卷（新高考全国II卷）Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames （火焰）shooting out of a second-floor window. Not seeing or hearing any fire engines 43Grant rushe
35、d to a side 44 and ran up the stairs.43. A. burningB. leavingC. approachingD. waiting44. A. entranceB. roadC. buildingD. window【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格兰特把车停到大楼前，看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出 来。没有看到或听到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。A. burning燃烧；B. leaving离开；C.approaching接近；D. waiting等待。分析可知，火焰都已经从二楼喷出来, 并且可以看出格兰特跑上楼梯去救火，可以推测是因
36、为消防车没来，此处approaching表示 接近，符合题意，故选C。【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：格兰特把车停到大楼前，看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出 来。没有看到或听到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。4entrance入口； B. road路；C. building楼；D.window窗户。根据语境可知，二楼窗户喷火并且消防车没来所 以格兰特冲到侧门是为了救火，符合题意，side entrance侧门。故选A。16.【2020海南省高考英语试卷（新高考全国n卷）On the second floor, he kicked every apartment door. Ge
37、t out! Grant shouted, No one 46 and he assumed that people had already 4746. A. agreedB. caredC. respondedD. understood47. A. arrivedB. returnedC. hiddenD. escaped【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应，他以为人们已经逃走了。A. agreed同意； B. cared照顾；C. responded回应；D. understood理解。分析可知，格兰特踢门问里面是否有 人，再结合后面他认为人已经逃走了可以判断出是没有人回应
38、他。故选C。【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应，他以为人们已经逃走了。A.arrived到达； B. returned返回；Chidden藏；D. escaped逃离。分析可知，格兰特踢门但没有人回应，所 以他以为人们已经逃走（escaped）符合题意，故选D。17.12020,山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国I卷）】Molai 35to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home
39、to many plants and animals.35. A. returned B. learned C. failedD. continued【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回； B. learned学会;C.failed失败;D. continued继续。根据后一句可知,他的努力使1360英亩 的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选 Do【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境【做题实践中找规律】1 .【2023,山西省三重教育 12 月联考Mollen
40、s lunch projects are easy to do. She doesnt have to buy special ingredients. Instead, she uses leftovers from dinner the night before and everyday items from her food storage area. She likes using sunflower seed butter to 28 her creations together.28. A. gather B. fastenC. stickD. cover【答案】C【解析】考查动词
41、词义辨析。句意：她喜欢用葵花籽酱将她的作品粘在一起。A. gather聚集； B. fasten 系，使牢固；C. stick 粘贴；D. cover 覆盖。根据上文的.using sunflower seed butter./9 和下文的“.her creations together.“可知，她用葵花籽酱把自己制作的食物粘合在一起。故选 Co2. 2023 安徽省皖南八校第二次大联考】Without his phone on him, Favorin slowly walked to his neighbors, door, rang their doorbell and leaned i
42、n opposition to the porch-railing （门廊的栏杆）. Then, he misplaced his grasp on the railing and 46.46. A. disappeared B. advancedC. collapsedD. survived【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他抓错了栏杆，摔倒了。A. disappeared消失；B. advanced 前进；C. collapsed 倒塌，摔倒；D. survived 幸存。根据上文“he misplaced his grasp on the railing and”指他抓错了
43、栏杆，摔倒了。故选Co3 .2023 山西部分重点中学 12 月月考we want to write a book my five year old twins, Delilah and Nathenial, announced one day. Sure. Til get some paperT said. They had made so many books“ and I had all the 2 at hand. Mom we want to make a real book.21. A. comments B. proposalsC. suppliesD. secrets【答案】C
44、【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们做了那么多“书”，而我手上有所有的用品。A. comments 评论；B. proposals 提议；C. supplies 供应，用品；D. secrets 秘密。根据上文Ill get some paper”指作者手里有写写画画的用品。故选Co4. 2023 届高三第一次学业质量评价(T8 联考)】Later, another woman gave him her scarf and then 27 him in her large overcoat. Throughout the day, more and more people offered to
45、 give him gloves and even the coats off their backs as they waited for their bus.27. A. carried B. boundC. placedD. wrapped【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，另一个女人把自己的围巾给了他，然后把他裹在 自己的大大衣里。A. carried带上；B. bound捆绑；C. placed放置；D. wrapped包住。根据 下文“in herlarge overcoat”判断，对于男孩来说，女人的衣服非常大，所以此处是很形象地 形容女人将他裹在大衣里面。故选D。规
46、律方法：完形填空技巧之瞻前顾后揣摩语境利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个 空白的设置并不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性 和唯一性，因此考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻 前顾后，前引后联“，充分利用文章所有可能提供的信息解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒 贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填空文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性， 它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态，并支撑着文意的发展，因此利用褒贬性语境的情感 性可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上，选
47、语气与 文章一致的选项。通过“顾后信息”解题众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往。所以正确领会和下文 情节的发展发生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及” 空后的相关信息，从而做出正确的选择。典例Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top 2, but on their way back conditions were very 22一(difficult) . Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 23 (continued) alone, he would probably get back 24 (safely).21. A. hurriedly B. Carefully C. successfully D. early剖析