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1、小学英语完形填空解题技巧指导与练习第一讲：完形填空解题指导完形填空是考常见的一种题型，这种题被专家称为障碍性阅读，也是小学生最为棘 手的题型之一。它是由出题者在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语，形成 空格，要求在给出的对应的备选答案中，选出一个正确的或最佳的答案，使文章恢复 完整。它既考查对语法，词汇，习语，句型，搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对 短文的阅读理解能力，甚至有时还考察对时事政治等的关注。其中包括在具体的语境 中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概 括的能力。很多孩子反应英语的完形填空题很难，其实只要掌握一些解题方法，做这类题目就
2、不难了。下面是对完形填空题的解题指导，希望对同学们有帮助。方法一：重视首句获信息重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的 是给同学们一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、 R乐寺。例题 1. At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. Last year we went to an old peoples 1 and sang songs and performed a play for _ 2 The old people were very 3. We
3、should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. For example, we should 4 primary schools and help 5 young students. I want to be a teacher 6 Im older so it would be a great experience for me. Other students would like to do other jobs. For example, my friend Tian Ge wants to 7 for
4、a newspaper. She should be allowed to volunteer at the newspaper office once a week.第二讲：完形填空短文填缺词解答技巧短文填缺词也是完形填空的另一种题型。首先必须通览全文，把握大意通览全文目的是抓住文章的大意，了解全文的结构和基本内容，为下一步正确填写答案奠定 基础。学生只有在通览全文之后，才会成竹在胸，能够更快更准确地找出答案来。抓 住第一句，预测下一句文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句，或 是含有主题词的句子。所以，学生往往可以根据第一句话来把握文章或者段落的中心 思想，为
5、下面的答题奠定基础。短文填缺词通过保留一定数量的词语，使学生获得必要的信息和知识。所以，某些 题供答题信息的关键词会多次反复地出现，我们把这样的关键词称为信息词，所以要 好好把握，挑出信息词。同时凭借自己掌握的语法知识和一般的常识，兼顾人称、性 别、单复数、语法和时态等等语法的因素，从语法的结构方面考虑答案。细心检查， 避免疏漏全部答案填写结束后，文章完整了，应再从头至尾读一遍。这也是最关键的一点， 这就要求细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方来调整答案。联系实际，攻 克难关初始答案结束后，学生如果对自己填写的答案还不十分有把握，或留下一些模棱两 可的题和难题没有做完，这时，应快速再读短
6、文，联系前后文内容，理清短文故事情 节，结合日常知识判断出“未知题”的答案。练习 1. This is Lucy and that is Lily. They are twins. They look . They are 2 .They are new students in 3 class. They are 4 Grade One. Jimcan 5 them. They are new 6 They go to the shop（商店）.They wouldlike something 7 and drink. Lucy would like 8 some bread. Lily wo
7、uld like 9 a bottle of 10 . Jim would like some apples.答案：1. B固定词组look the same意为看起来很像”。2. B Lucy和Lily为女孩名又是双胞胎，所以她们应是姐妹关系。3. C名词加“s”表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。4. C表示在哪个年级，班级用介词in.5. B look after意为“照顾,照看，look like意为“看起来像，look at意为 “看look意为“看”。6. C本句是说Jim和双胞胎两个是好朋友。7. B something to eat意为一些吃的东西。 something to dri
8、nk表示一些喝的东西”, 两者均为不定式作定语时放在所修饰词的后面。8. B would like后面接不定式,即：would like to do sth.意为想要干某事。”9. A eat表示“吃”,drink表示“喝”。10. A瓶子装的应是桔汁而不是桔子。orange作“桔汁”讲时，为不可数名词，前面不 可用不定冠词修饰，也不能加s.练习 2. My 1is Ann. Mr. Read in my father and I am his 2 My father is an English man 3 my mother is a Japanese. I have a 4. His na
9、me is Tomand we study in 5 middle school, but in different grades.We 67 seven 8 and 9 back home after school in theafternoon. We have 10 friends. We love China.答案：1. A名词一般不同时与冠词和形容词性物主代词连用。本题原文中已有物主代 词my,故选项中C、D不对，又因空后接is暗示前面主语为单数。且名字习惯 上是单数，故B表达有误。2. A本题主要考查人物之间的身份关系。由father得出后应接相应的daughter或 son,又因
10、Ann为女孩名，故应用daughter,即A选项。3. C根据句意我爸爸是英国人，我妈妈是日本人。”可以判定两句话之间为转折关 系，应转折连词but,即C选项。4. D根据上下文中的his, Tom等词可以判定应为男孩。四选项中只有brother含 有此意，故选D。5. B如same与different的区别用法，same后所修饰名词应为单数，different Jn 所修饰名词应为复数。本题后为单数名词，故C、D表达不符本题。再者此处中 学”一词应为特指，故B选项符合题目要求，为正确答案。6. A本题主要考查动词短语“上学”和“回家”的英文表达。B、D两选项本身表达有误, 再根据句意得出此外
11、应为上学”之意，故A选项为正确答案。7. A at与具体的时间连用。8. A本题主要考查对动作发生先后顺序的理解。因后有in the afternoon相对应，又 根据句意，故判定答案为in the morning.即A选项。D选面虽表意正确，但不符 合英语介词用法。9. C本题主要考查动词短语“回家”的表达法。根据句意此处应用“回家”之意，四选项 中C表达正确，故选择C选项。go back home为常用法，要牢记。10. D本题主要考查名词的问题。当表示量的和表示性质的形容词同时修饰名词时, 常将表示量的放在前面，故A、B选项不正确；又因后有复数名词friends,故不 应用表示单数的冠词
12、a,故选择D选项。习题专练二My 1is Lin Tao. Tm a 2 boy. Tm twelve. Tm 3 Shenyang. Shenyang is abig city. Im in No. 10 Middle School . 4 school is a very good one in Shenyang.Im in Class 5, Grade 1. There are 52 students, 27 5 and 25boys . Ms Helen is our English teacher. 6 is from America. She is nice to me. I li
13、ke English very much and Im good at it . Wang Yang is good at English, 7. We are good 8- My father is 9 English teacher . My mother is a Chinese teacher. My mother and I 10 in the same school. We love our school.()1. A email()2. A China()3. A from()4. A Their()5. A boys()6. A He()7. A also()8. A wor
14、ker()9. A the()10. A are【答案】B address(地址)B AmericanB atB YouB girlsBSheB eitherB teachersB aB is1-5CDADB 6-10 BDDCABC nameC EnglishC onC MineC womenC TheyC soC parentsC anC amD numberD ChineseD toD OurD menD YouD tooD friendsD/DbeMy 1 is Lin Tao. Tm a 2 boy, Im twelve. Tm 3 Shenyang. Shenyang isa bi
15、g city. Tm in No. 10 Middle School.4 school is a very good one in Shenyang.Im in Class 5, Grade 1. There are 52 students, 27 5 and 25boys . Ms Helen is ourEnglish teacher. 6 is from America. She is nice to me. I like English very much and Im good at it . Wang Yang is good at English, 7 . We are good
16、 8 . Myfather is9 English teacher. My mother ismother and I 10 in the same school. We love our school.()1. A. email()2. A. China()3. A. from()4. A. Their()5. A. boys()6. A. He()7. A. also()8. A. worker()9. A. the()10. A. are【答案】1-5 CDADBB. address(地址)B. AmericanB. atB. YouB. girlsB. SheB. eitherB. t
17、eachersB. aC. is6-10 BDDCAcD. nameC. EnglishC. onC. MineC. womenC. TheyC. soC . parentsC. anC. amChinese teacher. MyE. numberD. ChineseD. toD. OurD. menD . YouD. tooD. friendsD. /D. beThe Americans were getting ready to send their first man to the moon, and an old Irishman(爱尔兰人)was watching them on
18、the television in the bar of a hotel. There was an Englishman in the bar, too, and he 1 the Irishman, The 2 are very clever, arent they? They are going 3 some men to the moon. It is a long 4 from the world.”“Oh, thats athe Irishman answered quickly. 5,The Irish are going to send some men to the sun
19、in a few months. That;s 6 away from the moon, you know.“Yes, it is.n The English man said, 7 it is too 8 for the people to go to”The Irishman laughed and said, Well, the Irish arent stupid. You know, we?go to the sun during the day; of course, we will go there 10()1. A said to()2. A. Englishmen()3.
20、A. to reach()4. A. time()5. A. good()6A. long()7. A. and()8. A. hot()9. A. dont()10. A. in the morningthe nightB. toldB. AmericanB. to sendB. streetB. niceB. farB. butB. warmB. cantC. talk toC. IrishC. to giveC. roadC. trueC. furtherC. orC. coldC. wontD.spoke toD. FrenchmenD. to restD. wayD. nothing
21、D. much fartherD. becauseD. coolD. mustntB. in the afternoonC. on Monday D. during答案1-5ABBDD 6-1ODBACD第三讲：升学挑战 练习 1. In our classroom you can see there is a J of a park on the back(后面的)wall. You can also see many children 2 the park. There is a river in it.Near the river there are not 3 , but there
22、are many trees. Many 4 aresinging in them. Near the trees there are some old men. They are sitting at atable. They are 5 tea and talking. There are two girls over there.They 6 new blouses. They are talking near the river. We can also see twoboats in the picture. One is 7 but in 8 boat there are many
23、 children. Arethere any young men in the 9 ? Let me see, there are some. They areswimming now. What are the boys doing?They are 10 football there.)1. A. mapB. clothesC. lakeD. picture)2. A. ofB. onC. inD. under)3. A. flowersB. flowerC. any flowersD. some flowers)4. A. catsB. applesC.dogsD. birds)5.
24、A. drinkB. eatC. eatingD. drinking)6. A. put onB. wearingonC. are wearingD. are putting on)7. A. fullB. emptyC. bigD. small)8. A. the otherB. othersC. anotherD. other)9. A. riverB. basketC. bagD. box)10. A. playingB. playing theC. playD. play the答案:1. D a picture of a park 意为“一幅公园的画。”2. C in the par
25、ko意为在公园里。”3. C any用于否定句或疑问句。some用于肯定句。4. D能够在树上唱歌的应是鸟，而不是其它三项猫、苹果、狗。5. D表示喝茶用drink,不用eat。另外，and前后的谓语动词形式要一致，所以drink要加-ing,构成现在进行时。6. C wear是“穿着”，“戴着”，强调状态，用现在进行时表示此刻的状态。Put on是“穿上”、“戴上”，强调动作。7. B根据下文在另一只船里有许多孩子们表转折关系，说明本句应是一只船 是空的。8. A表示两者范围之内一个是，另一个是”用one is，the otheris .9. A下文说有一些人在游泳，说明本句应问在河里有一些
26、年轻人吗？10. A球类运动前不要冠词练习 2. It is evening, 1old cock（公鸡）is 2 in a tall tree. A fox comes to the tree and looks at the cock.“Hello, Mr. Cock, I have some good news for you. says the fox.“Oh? ” says the cock. fWhat is it?”“All the animals 3 good friends now. Lets 4 friends, too. Please come down and play
27、 5 me. ”“Fine!” says the cock. ,Tm very glad to hear that. Then he looks up. Look!There is something over there. ”“ 6are you looking at?” asks the fox.“Oh, I see some animals over there. 7 coming this way.n(Animals? ”“Yes. Oh, theyre dogs. ”What? Dogs !” asks the fox. Well. . well, I 8 now. Goodbye.
28、 ”“Wait, Mr. Fox, “ says the cock. 9 go. They are only dogs. And dogs are ourfriends now. ” “Yes. But they 10 that yet. ”“I see, I see,“ says the cock. He smiles and goes to sleep in the tree.)1. A. the)2. A. sit)3. A. is)4. A. are)5. A. and)6. A. What)7. A. He isB. anB. sitsB. amB. beB. toB. HowB.
29、They areC. aC. sittingC. areC. isC. forC. WhoseC. She isD. XD. sitingD. beD. amD. withD. WhereD. It is)8. A. must to go B. must go C. must going D. must to going)9. A. No. B. Not C. Dont D. Doesnt)10. A. arent know B. doesnt know C. dont know D isnt know答案：1.B an用在发元音音素开头的单词前。2. C 横线前已有is,故选sitting构
30、成现在进行时，它的结构是：主语+be+动词的现在分词+其它。Sit的现在分词要双写t再加ing.3. C主语All the animals为复数。谓语动词用are.4. B以Let开头的祈使句常用来表示说话人的建议、请求、命令等。Let后面 的不定式必须省去符号to.5. D play with me表示“和我一起玩。”6. A What问“什么”How问“怎样Whose问“谁的Where问“哪儿”。7. B 根据前一句：I see some animals over there”本句应为它们正朝这边过 来。”8. B must意思是“必须是情态动词，它后面的动词用原形。9. C本句祈使句的否
31、定式，其结构为：Dont+V原形+其它。10. C本句为非be动词的一般现在时结构。习题专练三AA French student went to London for his holiday. He thought, I know a little English. I think people can 1 me. ”One day he went to a restaurant and sat down at the table. He wanted to 2 a cup of tea and some eggs. Soon the waiter came up to him, and as
32、ked, “Can I help you? A cup of tea andhe could not remember the 3 word for eggs. He looked 4 him, but nobody was eating eggs. Then he 5 a picture-book on the table next to him. There was a picture of a cock on 6 cover（封面）.He 7 the picture to the waiter. Whats the English 8 this? he asked. UA cock, a
33、nswered the waiter. What do you call a cocks wife? he asked again. UA hen. ” “And what do you call a hens children?Chicks. ” “And what do you call chicks 9 theyre born?” “Eggs. ”)1. A. home)2. A. us)3. A. great)4. A. buy)5. A. tell)6. A. how)7. A. writeB.bankB. themB. angryB. haveB. askB. whenB. wai
34、tC.shopC. himC. smartC. visitC. teachC. whereC. lookD. riverD. herD.happyD. buildD. findD. whyD. pay首句 At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others.有提名冈挈 领之效，简明扼要地提示我们，作者的学校有一个特殊的日子，那就是帮助别人献爱 心的日子。有助于我们理解全文。甚至让我们毫不犹豫地确认1空应添单词home.(Keys： 1. A 2, B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A)方法二：通读全文知大意
35、例题 2. Mr. Johnson had a factory. He once on TV that animals could be taught to 2 some work for people if they were given 3 to eat. He loved the idea. He thought it would be 4 to have a dog look after his 5 and an elephant do some heavy jobs 6 his factory. He bought a dog 7 an elephant in the market
36、and decided to teach them to do some work for him. Of course, he 8 bought a lot of food forthem. Several months later, the dog and the elephant 9 fatter and fatter, but they 10 do any work for him. At last, Mr. Johnson had to give up.()1. A. sawB. asked C. metB. doC. let()2. A. make“Very well,J said
37、 the French student happily. uBring me two eggs and a cup of tea,please.And he sat down 10 a smile on his face.()1. A. understand()2. A. Drink()3. A. French()4. A. At()5. A. saw()6. A. it()7. A. drew()8. A. For()9. A. When()10. A. of【答案】15ACDDAB. knowB. TakeB. ChineseB. forB. hadB. itsB. putB. ofB.
38、beforeB. with6C. HelpC. haveC. newC. afterC. boughtC. itsC.gaveC. inC. afterC. inD.speakD. eatD. EnglishD. aroundD. drewD. hisD. showedD. aboutD. ifD. about10CDABBBHello! Im Rose. I 1 a clothing store. The name of 2 is All-all ClothingStore. Do you like T-shirts? We have T-shirts 3 a very good price
39、-only 10 dollars . We have some black 4 for sports. They 5 11 dollars. Do you need 6? We have sweaters 7 white, red and green. 8 are 30 dollars. Oh, we 9 have pants for only 20 dollars. 10 to my store and have a look.()1. A. haveB. am()2. A. himB. her()3. A. onB. of()4. A. storeB. pantC. hasC. itC.
40、forC.shoesC. areD. isD. theyD. atD. bagD. have()5. A. amB. is()7. A. onB. inC. atD. for()8. A. TheseB. ThoseC. They()9. A. tooB. alsoC. to()10. A. LikeB. SellC. GoD. TheD. andD. Come【答案】1-5AABCD6-10ACBBAWhat do you do at the weekend? Some people like to 1 at home, but others like to go 2 a walk or p
41、lay football. Mr. Jack works hard in a factory during the 3 At the weekend, he always 4 the same things. On Sundays he 5 his car and on 6 he goes with his family to a v川age by car. His uncle and aunt have a farm there. It isnt a 7 one, but there is always8 work to do on the farm. The children help w
42、ith the animals and give themtheir 9 . Jack and his wife help n the fields. At the end of the day, there are all10 and Jacks aunt gives a big meal.)1. A work)2. A out)3. A day)4. A does)5. A sweeps)6. A Mondays)7. A small)8. A much)9. A clothesBsitB forB eveningB isB drivingB SundaysB bigB manyB dri
43、nksC stayCtoC nightC goesC sellsC SaturdaysC farC littleC foodD playD awayD weekdaysD playsD washesD WednesdaysD longD fewD waterDDo you know Eskimos(爱斯基摩人)? Let me tell you something about their life.The Eskimos live near the North Pole(匕极).There are only two seasons there: winter and summer. There
44、 is no spring autumn there. In winter nights are long. You cant 2 the sun for more than two months, even at noon. In summer days are long. For more than two months, the sun never 3 and there is no nights.Eskimos have 4 clothes. They make their clothes from the skins of animals(动物的皮).From skins they
45、make coats, hats and 5 , Near the North Pole trees cant grow, for it is 6 there. The Eskimos 7 make their houses from skins, stones or snow. When they go out in a storm(风暴)and cant get back 8 , they make houses of snow. They leave these snow houses when the storm is 9 .Life is 10 for the Eskimos, bu
46、t they still like to live there.()1. A. andB. notC. orD . either()2. A. look B. look atC. watchD. see)3. A. comes out)4. A. warm)5. A. food)6. A. too cold)7. A. like)8. A. from home)9. A. go)10. A. hardB. comes overB. coldB. drinksB. too hotB. have toB. homeB. leavesB. hardlyC. goes downC. cottonC. medicineC. either cold or hotC. wantC. to homeC.