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1、【生态环保、自然灾害类】话题阅读练习（一）（阅读理解10篇）Passage 1Earth is in the middle of an insect crisis, with thousands of species declining over the past several decades. Scientists have often blamed this on habitat loss or pesticide （杀虫剂）use. But a new study of butterflies in the western United States has found that wa
2、rmer fall weather may be an equal, if not more, of a factor.Over the past four decades, more than 450 butterfly species have declined at an average rate of nearly 2 percent a year, according to a study published in Science. Its already known that the western monarch butterfly has plummeted in popula
3、tion by 99.9 percent and was recently denied protection by Endangered Species Act in the U. S. But the study revealed lesser-known species, like the Boisduvals blue and Californias state insect, the California dogface butterfly, are heading toward extinction.The influence of climate change is drivin
4、g those declines, which makes sense because theyre so widespread, says study leader Mathew Forister. To reach their troubling findings, the researchers combined databases of the butterfly count conducted by scientists and amateur insect enthusiasts at 72 locations in the western U. S. To focus on th
5、e contribution of climate change, the researchers made sure to include locations that were relatively undisturbed by agriculture and human development to limit the influence of other threats to butterflies such as habitat loss and pesticides.More than 200 cities across the U.S. are experiencing warm
6、er fall seasons. In Arizona, for instance, fall temperatures have risen by 0. 2 degree Fahrenheit every decade since 1895. As for why warming falls are so harmful, it may be connected to butterflies hibernation-like diapause G带育）in the fall. Warmer temperatures could be forcing the insects, most of
7、which live around a year, to stay awake longer and starve. In other words, theyre getting old and fragile and dying sooner1.费，故选D项Passage 5Created in 1998 by Casey and Shelley Black, the Northern Lights Wildlife Wolf Center focuses on not only rescuing young abandoned wolves but educating the public
8、. Unlike other centers, you can actually walk with the wolves and have exciting, hands-on interaction with them here. And so, we gathered one late winter morning to learn, prepare and walk.Scrappy and Flora, our wolves that day, were brought to the center when only a few days old. n They lived in th
9、e house with us for the first several months. We treated them like human babies, fed them and slept with them,“ said Shelley. So, they are totally used to people. However, these are wild animals. For that reason, Shelley and Casey explained, the walk is totally on the wolfs terms. We dont approach t
10、hem, but if they come up to us, we can touch them.With all this in mind, we headed for the woods. We were walking on a logging road when suddenly, Flora, all 60 pounds of her, hurried up to me and raised up on her legs. She was almost as tall as me. As she leaned in, put her huge muddy paws on my sh
11、oulders and sniffed my face, apparently she was saying hello in wolf talk.We walked farther, maybe half a mile, while Scrappy and Flora dashed in and out of the woods stopping occasionally to roll in the snow, dig for this or that and just play. Then we all headed into the trees to a picturesque str
12、eam where the wolves splashed, drank and had a great time.One could point out that this whole adventure was staged and quite artificial. But the purpose, Casey and Shelley said, is to explain the wolves place in the environment and, primarily, to let people know wolves dont have to be universally fe
13、ared they really dont hide secretly in the woods just waiting to eat people, but theyd rather avoid people, for the most part.1. How is the Northern Lights Wildlife Wolf Center different from others?A. It trains and educates wild wolves.B. It aims to rescue young abandoned wolves.C. It raises wolves
14、 for commercial purposes.D. It allows visitors to take a walk with wolves.2. What can be inferred from Shelley and Caseys explanation in Paragraph 2?A. The walk can be potentially dangerous.B. The wolves have lost all their wildness.C. People should get close to the wolves actively.D. The wolves can
15、 read peoples mind like human babies.3. Why did Flora behave like that when she saw the author on the logging road?A. To express curiosity.B. To show friendliness.C. To attract attention.D. To seek companionship.4. Why do Casey and Shelley organize such an adventure?A. To advertise the center.B. To
16、publicize wolf hunting.C. To promote environmental protection.D. To clarify some conventional views of wolves.解析：1. D.细节理解题.根据文章第一段 Unlike other centers, you can actually walk with the wolves and have exciting, hands-on interaction with them here.可知与其他中心不同的是，你可以和狼一起行走，并在这里与 它们进行令人兴奋的、动手的互动.由此可见，它允许游
17、客和狼一起散步.故选D.2. A.推理判断题.根据第二段 For that reason, Shelley and Casey explained, the walk is totally on the wolfs terms. HWe don*t approach them, but if they come up to us, we can touch them. ”可矢口出于这个原因, 雪莱 和凯西解释说，走路完全是按照狼的说法，”我们不接近他们，但如果他们接近我们，我们可以触摸他们.” 由此可见，步行可能有潜在的危险.故选A.3. B.细节理解题.根据文章第三段 We were wal
18、king on a logging road when suddenly, Flora, all 60 pounds of her, hurried up to me and raised up on her legs. She was almost as tall as me. As she leaned in, put her huge muddy paws on my shoulders and sniffed my face, apparently she was saying hello in wolf talk. 可知我们在条 伐木路上走着，突然，弗洛拉，她60磅重的身躯，冲到我跟
19、前，用腿站起来.她几乎和我一样高.当她靠 在我身上，把她泥泞的大爪子放在我肩上，闻了闻我的脸，显然她是在和狼说话时打招呼.由此可见，它 主要是表示友好.故选B.4. D.推理判断题.根据最后一段 But the purpose, Casey and Shelley said, is to explain the wolves* place in the environment and, primarily, to let people know wolves dont have to be universally feared-they really dont hide secretly in
20、 the woods just waiting to eat people, but they* d rather avoid people, for the most part. 可矢口但是， 凯 西和雪莱说，目的是解释狼在环境中的位置，主要是让人们知道狼不必普遍害怕，它们真的不需要躲在树 林里等着吃人，但在大多数情况下，它们宁愿避开人.由此可见，凯西和雪莱组织这样的冒险是为了澄清 对狼的一些传统看法.故选D.Passage 6Only 366 North Atlantic right whales are left, representing a shocking 8% decline i
21、n a single year and the lowest number in about 20 years for this famous species. Human impacts - specifically fishing nets and ship strikes -remain the biggest threats to the survival of this species in eastern Canada and the United States.North Atlantic right whales have been in decline since 2011
22、when the species was at an estimated 481 whales.In the past decade, the species has decreased by 30%. Recent research shows these threats are affecting their overall health with less energy to devote toward growth and reproduction （繁殖），and body lengths reducing over the past four decades. Researcher
23、s estimate there are fewer than 100 breeding （繁育的）females alive and more than 86% of identified whales had been entangled （被网困住）at least once in their lifetime.There is still hope: in 2021, scientists tracked 18 mother-kid pairs, a number that is cause for optimism - though still well below the annu
24、al average of 23 pairs from the previous decade.Industry representatives, government agencies, and organizations, including WWF, gathered in October 2011 at the annual North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium meeting to discuss and arrange right whale conservation efforts in the US and Canada.“Its goin
25、g to be challenging, but everyone involved in right whale conservation believes we can create an environment where right whales can bounce back,* said Chris Johnson, the global leader for WWFs Protecting Whales and Dolphins initiative. nHowever, its going to take significant investment and the great
26、est urgency and commitment to create conditions where we prevent entanglements and collisions with ships in the whales critical habitats.11. Which of the following best describes the right whale population?A. Well conserved.B. Slowly decreasing.C. Rapidly growing.D. Critically endangered.2. What doe
27、s Chris Johnson say about the right whale conservation?A. It needs the government to ban fishing in certain areas.B. It will not work without funds from the government.,C. It can help increase the number of right whales.D. It is not practical and will fail eventually.3. What can we learn about femal
28、e right whales?A. Most of them have never been entangled.B. Mother right whales may have slightly decreased.C. There are more female right whales than male right whales.D. Their population has decreased by 30% in the past decade.4. What can be inferred about the right whale species?A. Their size has
29、 been decreasing due to climate changes.B. They may have found home in other parts of the ocean.C. They were hunted by people for their meat in the past.D. They are well on the way to dying out if not well protect.解析：1. D 理判断题。根据第一段的 “Only 366 North Atlantic right whales are lefi, representing a sho
30、cking $% decline in a single year and the lowest number in about 20 years for this famous species.（匕大西洋露脊鲸仅存 366头，代表着仅一年就下降了惊人的8%,这是这个著名物种近20年来的最低数量。）和第二段的“North Atlantic right whales have been in decline since 2011 when the species was at an estimated 481. In the past decade, it has decreased by 30
31、% （自2011年以来，北大西洋露脊鲸数量一直在下降，当时该物种的数量估计为431 头。在过去的十年里，它下降了 30%。）”可推断，从露脊鲸的数量来看，露脊鲸是极度濒危的。故选D。2. C 推理判断题，根据最后一段的 Chris Johnson 说的话is going to be challenging, but everyone involved in right whale conservation believes we can create an environment where right whales can bounce back（这将是具有 挑战性的，但每个参与露脊鲸保护的
32、人都相信，我们可以创造一个露脊综可以恢复的环境）可推断，Chris Johnsoni人为对露脊鲸的保护有助于提高露脊鲸的数量。故选Co3. B细节理解题，根据第一段的“Only 366 North Atlantic right whales are lefi（北大西洋露脊鲸仅存366头） 第二段的“Researchers estimate there are fewer than 100 breeding （繁育的）females alive and more than 86% of identified whales had been entangled （被网困住）at least onc
33、e in theirlifetime （研究人员估计，只有不到 100 只繁育雌性存活，超过$6%的己确认的综鱼一生中至少被被网困住一次。）”可知，母鲸可能已经路有减少了。故选Bo4. D 推理判断题。根据第一段的Only 366 North Atlantic right whales are left, representing a shocking 8% decline in a single year and the lowest number in about 20 years for this famous species.（只乘U下 366 头 1 匕大西洋 露脊第，代表着一年内惊
34、人的$%的下降，这是这著名物种20年来的最低数量）和第三段内容”There is still hope: in 2021, scientists tracked 18 mother-kid pairs. a number that is cause for optimism-though still well below the annual average of 23 pairs from the previous decade.（仍然有希望：在 2021 年，科学家们追踪了 18 对母 子，一个值得乐观的数字，尽管仍远低于前10年23对母子的年平均水平。）可知，露脊鲂现存数量极少，下 降很
35、快，因此推断如果不好好保护它们将会走向灭绝。故选D。Passage 7The Adelie penguin, which has been named Pingu, was discovered by a local resident Harry Singh looking lost on the shores of New Zealand, over 3, 000 kilometers away from its natural habitat. nAt first I thought it was a soft toy,” Singh told the media. nBut sudden
36、ly the penguin moved its head, so I realized it was real. It didnt move for one hour. and looked exhausted. n He then called penguin rescuers as he was concerned that it was not getting into the water, making it a potential target for any predatory (捕食性)animals wandering on the beach.On arriving at
37、the scene, Thomas Stracke, who has been rehabilitating (1 A IL) penguins on New Zealands South Island for the last 10 years, was shocked to find that the penguin was an Adelie penguin - a species that lives exclusively on the Antarctic peninsula. Stracke said, nIt is quite unusual since they are kno
38、wn only living in the Antarctic area. Fortunately, apart from being a bit starving and severely dehydrated, it was actually not too bad, so we gave it some fluids and some fish smoothies. nIt is only the third recorded incident of an Adelie penguin being found on New Zealands coast - the previous re
39、corded incidents were in 1962 and 1993 -and although sites remain incredibly rare, if they become more common it could be a worrying sign, say experts.I think if we started getting annual arrivals of Adelie penguins, wed go actually. Somethings changed in the ocean that we need to understand,n zoolo
40、gy professor Philip Seddon in the University of Otago told The Guardian. More studies will give us more understanding about where penguins go, what they do, what the population trends are like - theyre going to tell us something about the health of that ocean ecosystem in general. nPingu has now bee
41、n released into a bay on the Banks Peninsula, and it is hoped that it may be able to make the journey home.1. What happened to Pingu?A. It was hunted by local people.B. It lost its food and looked upset.C. It was finding a new natural habitat.D. It landed New Zealand by accident.2. What does the aut
42、hor intend to do in Paragraph 4?A. Introduce a new topic to discuss.B. List numbers to prove an opinion.C. Add some background information.D. Summarize the previous paragraphs.3. What can be inferred from Philips words?A. The number of penguins is on the decrease.B. The health of the ocean ecosystem
43、 should be concerned.C. More studies about penguins have been undertaken.D. Adelie penguins have built habitats in New Zealand.4. What can be the best title of the text?A. The Unexpected Arrival of a Rare PenguinB. The Dangerous Situation of Adelie PenguinsC. An Amazing Discovery by a Local Resident
44、D. Magical Travel to New Zealand解析：本文为一篇夹叙夹议。文章主要介绍了在新西兰海岸发现了一只阿德利企鹅，本属于南极洲的小企鹅，旦 这是记录里的第三次在新西兰发现了这种企鹉，并说明了这应该引!起我们的重视，应该去了解是否是海洋的生态系统发生了变 化。1. D 细节理解题。根据文章第段The Adelie penguin, who has been named Pingu, was discovered by a local resident Harry Singhnlooking lost“ on the shores of New Zealand, over
45、3,000 kilometers avay from its natural habitah被叫做Pingu的阿德利企鹅被当地居民Harry Singh在新西兰海岸发现,离它的天然栖息地大约3000 公里远）可知，这只本生活在南极洲的企势在新西兰被发现，它意外地登上了新西兰。故选D。2. C 推理判断题，根据文章第四段It is only the third recorded incident of an Adelie penguin being found on New Zealands coast -the previous were in 1962 and 1993 - and alth
46、ough sitings remain incredibly rare, if they become more common it could be a worrying sign, say experts.（这是记录里的第三次在新西兰海岸发现了阿德 利企鹅，之前是在1962年和1993年，尽管这种事情发生的很少，但是如果这种事变得常见了的话，那就 会引1起恐慌）可知，前文提出在新西兰海岸发现了一只阿德利企鹅，本段说这一次不是第一次，之前也 发生过两次。由此可知，本段提出一些之前的背景信息，以引起重视。故选C。3. B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段 wl think if we start
47、ed geting annual amvals of Adelie penguins, wed go actually, somethings changed in the ocean that we need to understand/1 Otago University zoology professor Philip Seddon told The Guardian. nMore studies will give us more understanding where penguins go, what they do, what the population trends are
48、like - theyre going to tell us something about the health of that ocean ecosystem in general：（我认 为如果我们开始每年都有阿德利企超的到来，我们会发现实际上，海洋中发生了一些我 们需要了解的变化，“奥塔戈大学动物学教授Philip Seddon告诉卫报。更多的研究将让我们更多的了 解企鹅去哪里，他们做什么，种族趋势是什么样子的它们也即将告诉我们关于海洋生态系统整体健康的 一些信息。可知，在Philip Seddon看来，我们应该重视阿德利企鹅的到来，因为它预示着海洋中正在 发生一些变化，需要我们去了解
49、，故生态系统的健康需要引起我们的重视。故选B。4. A 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段The Adelie penguin, who has been named Pingu, was discovered by a local resident Harry Singh looking lost“ on the shores of New Zealand, over 3.000 kilometers avay from its natural babitat.（被叫做Pinqu的阿德利企鹅被当地居民Harry Singh在新西兰海岸发现，离它的天然栖息地大约3000 公里远）可知，本文主要国绕着在新西兰发现了本该属于南极洲的阿德利企鹉，并说明了这应该引（