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1、新概念英语第三册Lesson 38Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times. They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. What is more, they will not have to rely solely on the written word. Films, vi
2、deos, CDs and CD-ROMs are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have. They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scan
3、ty clues available. Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. Recent
4、scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusks of mammoths. The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age whic
5、h began about in action行动中的，活动中的as it were可以说，似乎，好象，是一个插入语，在语法上是 一个独立成分，可以用于任何时态语句中。-He is as it were a walking dictionary.他可以说是一本活字典。-Computers can never as it were lead independent lives, 电脑 不能过独立的生活。As it is = in fact = in reality = actually = as a matter of fact 事实 上- -I thought things would get
6、 better,but as it is ,they are gettingworse.- -In many ways children live as it were in a different world from the adults.在许多方面，孩子可以说过着一种与大人完全不同的生活。But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.be faced with 面临=be in the position in which one must
7、 deal with a problem or unpleasant situation关注“新标准英语”，免费同步辅导,免 费海量资源- -Automobile industry is faced with a bad future now.- -A great many people are faced with losing their jobs.- -In my opinion,you are faced with a problem as it were how to get enough time to study English.文中 attempting to reconstr
8、uct the distant past 现在分词彳修饰 the historian,所以句子可转换为：But the historian who is attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.- -The student attempting to learn Eghlish well in a year is faced with a difficult task.He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clue
9、s available.available adj.可利用的- -1 have a dictionary available for you . is there a place available for us to have a chat?- -I know you are in need of a help,but excuse me,I dont have any students available for you.Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of ear
10、ly man. remains = ruins 遗迹，遗物 insignificant = unimportant 不重要的shed light on = throw light on = cast light on 解释，说明，揭示 =make a matter clear or understood- -This information shed light on the problem.- -Can you shed light on the case of the fire?你能够解释这次 火灾吗？- -She will shed light on the case of stolen
11、 jewels.Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons, up to now = so far至U目前为止 come into being = come into existence 产生，出现 come into的用法：- come into power 上台- -come i
12、nto use 开始使用be faced with a real need to do sth.面临着做某事的真正需要- -We are faced with a real need to learn English well.Multiple choice questions 多项选择Comprehension1-正确答案：B根据课文内容选择2正确答案：D同上3正确答案：A同上Structure4正确答案：D 用将来时态才与原文相符合 5正确答案：C原句中缺少主语，由what引导一个简单句做主语从句6正确答案：Bcode指the markings ；现在分词做状语7-正确答案：C强调二者之间
13、有联系，故排除A,而C选项表示有可能联系， 语气不肯定，符合题目要求。Vocabulary8正确答案：Bpuzzle out:to find answer by thinking hard9正确答案:A同义词10正确答案：A令人费解的：puzzling ;符号signs代替了 code,而不是 singal,singal 表示信号。11-正确答案：CA选项，come to必须接动词原形，如come to record / come to existC 选项 ，come into existencefexistence n.)12正确答案：Anomands:move from place to
14、place35, 000 B. C. and ended about 10, 000 B. C. By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon. It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar.
15、It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing. It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometim
16、es accompany them. It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20, 000 years earlier than has been supposed.New Words and Expressions 生词和短语 calendar (title) /kaelinda/ n.历法，日历 historian (1.1) /hist9：rian/ n.历史学家 unique (1. 1) /juni:k/ adj.无与伦比的 steadily (1. 3) /stedili/ adv.
17、不断地 solely (1. 4) /ssuli/ adv.唯一地 video (1. 5) /vidiau/ n.录像CD-ROM (1. 5) /sii-dii-rom/ n.(只读)光盘驱动器 bewilder (1. 6) /biwilda/v.令人眼花缭乱deduce (1. 8) /didju:s/ v.推断，推理scanty (1. 8) /skaenti/ adj.不足的,贫乏的clue (1. 8) /klu:/ n.线索insignificant (1. 9) /insignifikant/ adj.不重要的shed (L 9 )/抱d/v.使流出，泻advent (1.1
18、0). /aedvent/ n,出现，到来，来临agriculture (1.10) /aegrikAlt/ n.农业assumption (1. 12) /esAmpn/ n.假定，设想dot (1.13)/dot/n.小圆点symbol (1.13) /simbal/ n,符号engrave (1.13) /ingreiv/ v.雕刻ivory (1.14) /aivari/ n.象牙制品mammoth (1.14)/ maema 9 /n.(古)长毛象phase (1.17) /feis/ n.月相，天相tusk (1.14) /tAsk/n.獴牙,长牙、象牙primitive (1.1
19、7) /primitiv/adj.原始的nomad (1.14) /neumaed/n.游牧民depict (1.18) / dipikt/v.描画，描绘correlate (1.15) /korileit/v.使相互联系Notes on the text 课文注释lwhat is more,作“而且”、“再者”解，是插入语。2 CD-ROM,是 compact disc read-only memory 的缩写。3 as it were, “可以说”，是插入语。4 be faced with,作“面临”、“面对”解。5 shed light on-,使清楚地显出来，解释。6 come int
20、o being, 产生，形成。7 Ice Age,冰川时期。参考译文未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对 于逐渐积累起来的庞大材料，他们几乎不知道选取哪些好, 而且，也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘 驱动器只是能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种 手段。他们能够身临其境般地观看我们做事，倾听我们讲话。 但是，历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务, 他们必须根据现有的不充分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微 不足道的遗物，也可能揭示人类早期历史中的一些有趣的内 容。历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的，因为当时 人们面临着了解四季的实际需要。但近期科学研
21、究发现，好 像这种假设是不正确的。长期以来，历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长 毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这 些痕迹是游牧人留下的，他们生活在从公元前约35, 000年 到公元前10, 000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为生。 历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究，终 于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮 圆缺有关，事实上是一种最原始的日历。大家早就知道，画 在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式，它们有着一 定的含义，因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。有时，这种 图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存，它们之间可能有一定的联系。看 来人类早就致力
22、于探索四季变迁了，比人们想像的要早 20,000 年。笔记New words and expression 生词和短语calendar n.历法，日历Calender n.轮压机historiann.历史学家historic adj.有历史意义的- This is a historic speech.historical adj.与历史研究有关系的- Historical research 历史研究unique adj.无与伦比的，独一无二，=uneauqaled speech is a unique human ability 关注新标准英 语”，免费同步辅导，免费海量资源- 本身具有比较意
23、义，不能接受比较级，可以接受 quite,nearly,surely,really ,不能接受 rather,very 等词的修饰 specialadj.注重性质特殊especialadj.强调超过其它全部- This is a matter of especial importance.- -This is a especially important matter.particular adj.特定的-Pineapples have particular flavour.exceptional adj.extraordinary adj.- The warm weather is exce
24、ptional for January.steadily adv.不断地solely adv.唯一地video n.录像CD-ROM n.光盘驱动器bewilder v.令人眼花缭乱=confuse,especially by lots of different things at the same time- She was bewildered by so many beautiful dresses.puzzle某问题因复杂、微妙而令人费解，既可用主动语态, 也可用被动语态。- I am puzzled by the problem.perplex难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意
25、思），多用于被动语态。- He is perplexed for the answer.bewilderment n.in bewilderment茫然不知所措deduce v推断，推理（有充分的证据和准则而得出结论）=determine or decied sth by given fact- I deduce the conclusion from the given facts, （deducefrom从推断）infer v.推断（不表示过程，也不表示结论是否有充足的理由）- What can you infer from the text?反义词：- induce v.归纳scanty
26、 a.不足的，贫乏的=too few,not enough- scanty knowledge 矢口半角星- a scanty crop 歉收- be scanty of sth 奇缺 / be short of 短缺- The village school is scanty of text books.这乡村学校奇缺教 材。be want of 需要in need of 需要clue n.线索insignificant adj.不重要的shed v.使流出，泻=pour out- shed tears泪流满面- shed light 发光- -shed light on sb 启发，启迪-
27、 shed one s blood for country 为祖国而流血- shed one s clothes 脱去衣服advent :出现，到来，来临,经常与the搭配，只要指节气， 重要发展的到来，来临。=coming or arrival- at the advent of winter在冬天到来的时候- since the advent of 自从的到来agriculture n.农业 assumption n.假定，设想dot n.小圆点symbol n.符号engrave v.雕亥U ivory n.象牙制品mammoth n.长毛象tusk n.猿牙，长牙nomad n.游牧民
28、correlate v.使相互联系phase n.月相，天相primitive adj.原始的depict v.描绘，描画Text课文They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.Selectfrom从中进行选择Choose挑选（凭个人意愿），它不仅强调做这个决定的行 动，而且强调最后的决定。有三种情况二者不能互换：当在两者中选一个时只能用choose,即choose between- -We have to choose between
29、 leaving early and paying for taxi.2choose 可带 wh 从句- -ril let you choose where we should go to eat.3choose to do 只能用 choose其二 select 比 choose 更正式What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word.what is more更有甚者，起到承接上下文的作用，是 furthermore,moreover 的意思what is worse更糟糕的是rely on = count on = depend on 依靠、指望- -you cant rely on others.- -He cant be relied on / depended on / counted on.solely adv.唯一地=only, just, nearlyThey will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.