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1、Module 21.曾经；在任何时候13.德国2.（使）参加；14.法国3.比赛；竞争15.塔4.奖品；奖项16.古老的；古代的5.一等奖17.国王；君王6.梦；梦想；做梦（v.）；梦到18.女王；王后7.买得起；付得起19.阿拉伯语8.编写；写作20.方面9.编写；创作21.相混合；融合10.邀请22.惦念；怀念；想念11.搬家；改变的位置23.数；清点12.派遣去；命令去24.倒数；倒计时重点短语:1.一次绝妙的经历2.几次绝妙的经历3.许多4.参加比赛5.一等奖6.好运7.考虑8.大量9.编造10.此刻11.例如12.与.不同13.到目前为止14.倒数淮U计时15.乘火车16.过得愉快1
2、7.发现;了解重要句型：1.帮助某人做某事2.停止做某事3.需要做某事4.邀请某人做某事5.最之一6.一家人7.喜爱做某事8.去过某地9.开始做某事10.喜欢做某事11.学习做某事12. 要求某人（不要）去做某事 去了某地13.主动提出做某事现在完成时一.构成助动词have/has +过去分词He has worked.He has not (hasnt )worked . Has he worked ?Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt.例:肯定句 I have worked.否定句 I have not (haven!t) worked. 疑问句 Have you wor
3、ked ?回答 Yes, I have. /No , I havent.二.功能及意义1.表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响,但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰： ever曾经，never从不，already已经，yet还（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑问句中），just 刚刚，recently, lately 近来，so far 迄今为止=until now, up to now, before 以前 例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？I have never从没有听说过那个人。We have just had lun
4、ch我们刚刚吃过午饭I have already已经把钱还给你了。I havenft found my book yet.(否)我还没有找到笔记本Have you done your homework yet?(疑)你做作业 了吗？Have you heard from him recently ?你最近收到他的来信了吗？So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止 还没有人犯错误I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过2表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常
5、与下列时间状语连用：-for+ 一段时间I have learned English for 8 years-since +过去的一个时间点I have learned English since 2001一 since + -段时间+ agoI have learned English since 8 years ago-since +时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句I have learned English since I was 5 years old一 in the past/last + 时间段We have had two English exams in the past two
6、 months 近两个月来我们进行了 2 次英语考试Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years 近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大 的变化。三延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法现在完成时中，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可 和一段时间连用。我离开这所学校已经八年了。误 ： I have left this school fbr eight years (x)他借用我的词典已经两天了误：He has borrowed my dictionary for two days (x)非延续
7、动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转化因此中例句正确形式分别为我离开这所学校已经八年了。正 ： I have been away from this school fbr eight years (4)他借用我的词典已经两天了正：He has kept my dictionary fbr two days (d)borrow一 keepleave 一be away die be deadreturn一 be backget up be upcatch a cold一 have a cold其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形buy一havefall asleep 一be asleepbegin b
8、e onjoin一 be in 或 be a member ofcome/arrive一 be inmarry 一be married在否定句中短暂性动词可与短时间连用I havent gone to see him for several months (我已经好几个月没有去看他 了)I havent bought anything fbr two months四区分have been to +地点；表示去过某个地方（已经回来），常与ever, never,几次，等连用have gone to +地点：表示到地方去了（还没回来）have been in+地点：表示到了某个地方（多久了），常与
9、for +段时间连用比较：He has been to China twice（曾经去过,现在不在中国）He has gone to China他到中国去了.（他可能已在去中国的路上，或已到中国，现在不在这里）He has been in China for two years（他到中国已经两年了 ）五对完成时的提问用how long.?不能用when. ?六现在完成时常用句型1 It is the first/second time.that.结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时It is the first time that I have visited the city这是我第一次参观这座城
10、市It is the third time that the boy has been late这是这个男生第三次迟到了2 This is the. that.结构，that从句要用现在完成时This is the best film that I !ve （ever） seen这是我看过的最好的电影This is the first time that Fve heard him sing这是我第一次听他唱歌3 It is / It has been + 时间段 + since .It has been/ Its 5 years since we last met.自从上一次我们相遇到现在已
11、经是五年了Its / It has been 3 months since the man died 那人死去 3 个月 了4 一段时间+完成时结构+ since引导的时间状语从句（since+般过去时）Two years has passed since I came here.七现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在笃成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能 和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday5 last night, three weeks ago, in 1998等。而一般过去时 只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的
12、时间状语连用I have seen the film我看过这部电影（我了解这部电影的内容）I saw the film last week我上周看了这部电影（只说明上星期我看过这场电影）短暂性动词转换为延续性动词：arrived at/in sw） have/has been in sw/at school/at homegot to/reached sw- have been here/ therecame/went/moved to sw ,1） He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for.2） I moved to the USA
13、last year.Ithe USA since.3） I went home yesterday.I home for.4） They came here last week.They here since.(2)came/went back, returned have/has been backcame/went out have/has been out1) He came out two years ago.He for.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We to Fuzhou since.became 一have/has been1) I beca
14、me a teacher in 2000.I a teacher fbr.2) The river became dirty last year.The river dirty for.closed 一have/has been closedopened have/has been open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop fbr.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours.got up 一have/has been updied 一have/has been
15、deadleft sw. 一have/has been away from swfell asleep/got to sleep 一have/has beenasleepfinished/ended 一have/has been overmarried 一have/has been married；1) I got up two hours ago.I since.2) He left Fuzhou just now.HeFuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa fbr.4) The meeting finish
16、ed at six.The meeting fbr six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I since.6) They married in 1990.They since.(6)started/began to do sth. 一have/has done sth.began 一have /has been on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I at this school since.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film fbr.borro
17、wed have/has keptlost -havent/hasnt had；bought have/has hadput on have/has worn ;caught/got a cold have/has had a coldgot to know have/has known1) They borrowed it last week.They it since.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I a pen for.3) I got to know him last year. I him since.4) I put on my glasses t
18、hree years ago.I my glasses for.have/has gone to have/has been inHe has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days.joined the league 联盟/the Party/the army一have/has been a league/a Party member/a soldier have/has been a member of the league/the Party一have/has been in the league/the Party/the army 1) He
19、joined the league in 2002.He a for two years.He a the for two years.He the league fbr two years.5) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother a for.My brother in fbr two years.单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe theywhatshappened to him .A. knew B . have knownC . must know D .will know2
20、、He hasbeen toShanghai , has he ?A.3、HaveA.already you met just B.B .neverC .everD. stillMragoLiC 上efdre4、The famous writerone new5、A. is writing B .wasOur country writingD. a moment agobook in the past two year .C .wrote D .has writtenlot so far .A. has changed ; well6、Zhao LanalreadyB. changed ; g
21、ood in this school fbrI hope itC. haswill be evenchanged ; betterD. changed ; betterA. was ; studying7、WeXiao LiB. will ; since shestudywasC.a littletwo years . has ; studied girl .D. are ; studyingA. know B . hadknown C.haveknown D. knew8、Harry Potter is a verynice film .1it twice .A. will see B. h
22、ave seenD .see9、These farmers have been to the UnitedStates Really ? Whenthere ?A. will they go10、-youB. did they go your homework yet ?they goD. have they goneit a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finished B .Have ; done ; finished C .Have ; done ; have finished D .will ; do ; finish11、 His fathertheA. jo
23、ined B. has joined 12 Do you know him well A. were B . have been C .PartyC.havesince 1978 .was in D. has been inSure .Webecome D. have madefriends since ten years ago .13、How long have youhere ?About two months .A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up! ThePlay fbr tenminutes .A. has begunB. hadbe
24、gunC.has been on15、It tenA. isByears since he left the.hasC. willanny .D. wasD. began16 Miss Green isnt in the office . she to the library .A .has gone B. went C .will go D. has been 17 My parents Shandong for ten years .beenA. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have 18 The students hav
25、e cleaned the classroom,?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19 、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has l
26、ived there D. has left the university单句时态语态练习：1. If you dont like the drink you(order) just leave it and try a different one.2. ril go to the library as soon as I finish what I(do).3. It is the most instructive lecture that I(attend) since I came to this school.4. The book has been translated into t
27、hirty languages since it(come) on the market in 1973.5. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they(receive) from China.6. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son(graduate) from college.7. Tom(work) in the library every night over the last three months.8.
28、 , Tommy is planning to buy a car.一 I know. By next month, he(save) enough for a used one.9. 一 Is everyone here?一 Not yet. Look, there(come) the rest of our guests!10. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who(wear) evening dress.11. Every few years, the coal workers(have) t
29、heir lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.12. People say that a smile can(pass) from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.13. When research(assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.14. . The meeting(hold) tomorrow.15. All the tickets(sell) out when they rushed there.16. The cloth(wash) well.17. The door wont(shut).