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1、高三复习之阅读理解高三复习之阅读理解专项专项Class 5 Senior 31If you come across new words when reading,What will you do?2Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 3猜测词义猜测词义 读懂文章读懂文章-高三英语阅读指导高三英语阅读指导4猜测词义：猜测词义：单词的猜测能力是阅读理解单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技
2、能列入项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所考查的词指代关系等）的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上。但事或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上。但事实上，实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义判断某些生词的词义。5对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测Many United Nations e
3、mployees are Many United Nations employees are polyglotspolyglots:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.fluently.“polyglot”most probably“polyglot”most probably means means“_.”“_.”对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测I had first known she was wrong,that her I had
4、 first known she was wrong,that her anxiety had anxiety had cloudedclouded her judgment.(04 her judgment.(04全国卷全国卷)“cloud”“cloud”means“_.”means“_.”通晓数种语言的人通晓数种语言的人使模糊，混淆，搅浑使模糊，混淆，搅浑6词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.The word 1.The word“”refers torefers to/probably /probably means/could best means/could b
5、est be replaced bybe replaced by _._.2.The word 2.The word“”is most likely tois most likely to mean mean _._.3.What do you think the expression 3.What do you think the expression“”stands forstands for?4.The 4.The underlinedunderlined word word“”means _.means _.5.The word 5.The word“”is is closest in
6、 meaningclosest in meaning to to 7语境法语境法Contextclues 构词法构词法Word formation猜测词意8中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-()mini-()micro-（）re-（）mis-（）im-（）un-（）in-（）non-（）-able（）-less（）-wards()超超极微小的极微小的误，恶误，恶不，非不，非不，非不，非不，无不，无极小的极小的,微小的微小的再，反复再，反复不不不，非不，非能能的的向向WordFormation构词法构词法：9supermanmicrowave(超人超人)no
7、nnaturalmispronounce(非自然的非自然的)homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建重建)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东)101.定义描述定义描述3.因果关系因果关系2.同义反义同义反义4.举例归纳举例归纳5.生活常识生活常识6.上下文推测上下文推测语语境境猜猜测测词词义义11 His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,wh
8、o looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.动物学家动物学家 牧羊人牧羊人1、定义描述、定义描述小结：通常由定语从句定语从句或同位语同位语引出词的具体含义122.同义词同义词 Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.In some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or
9、water,their fields.All the other members are of the same opinion.They are unanimous.圆胖的圆胖的灌溉灌溉一致同意的一致同意的13反义词反义词 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.In the past the world seemed to run in a
10、n orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.污秽的污秽的 天生的天生的混乱混乱14 由由and或或or，like,as as,the same as等连接的两个词构成同义等连接的两个词构成同义关系；关系；表转折关系的词常有表转折关系的词常有如如but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，in contrast,on the contrary等。等。小小 结结153、因果关系、因果关系 One who is
11、 destitute has a great need for food and clothing.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.贫穷的贫穷的混浊的混浊的独断专行的独断专行的16 常用关联词常用关联词(如如becausebecaus
12、e，asas，sincesince，forfor，soso，thusthus，as a resultas a result，so,so so,so that,such thatthat,such that thereforetherefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 结结174、举例归纳法、举例归纳法 Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,duc
13、ks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置18 常用常用such as,like，for example,for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义出总称词即词义。小小 结结19When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered
14、with the terrible cold.One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.波纹波纹,涟漪涟漪 颤抖颤抖症状症状 5、生活经验、生活经验,生活常识生活常识,逻辑推理逻辑推理 20 小小 结结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能
15、力自然就提高了。遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。216.6.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题：例题：Tom cant find his sneakers.C.shoesTom cant find his white sneakersTom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers.A.money B.bowls22解析高考真题解析高考真题Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Ifanothe
16、ranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”intheparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeatC23 小小 结结所谓所谓“词不离句，句不离章词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是讲的就是对对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定
17、的情于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，一一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。24 Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)251.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD
18、.clever2.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的活泼的B.好动的好动的C.多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的D.可爱的可爱的3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士便士B.温饱温饱C.非常贫困非常贫困D.虚弱虚弱小试身手264.Although the hazards of the trip were many-for example,the unbearable heat,the lack of water,the
19、possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes-Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.A)pleasures B)conveniences C)dangers D)equipment 275.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDadscarisbiggerthanyourDads,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremon
20、eythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_.A.骄傲骄傲B.吹牛吹牛C.顽皮顽皮D.幼稚幼稚28Passage2IhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar,sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarface.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheword“relish”inthesecondparagraph?A.chooseB.enjoyC.prepareforD.carryonB29Homework1.Go over what we learned in this period.2.Finish the given exercises on guessing meanings.30