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1、语法复习语法复习-句子成份及练习句子成份及练习第1页动动词词 连系动词连系动词主要动词主要动词行为动词行为动词助动词助动词辅助动词辅助动词情态动词情态动词be(amisarewaswere)/seem/keep是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去)become/turn/get/grow变得变得不及物动词不及物动词laugh/smile/look/listen及物动词及物动词see/hear/drink/eatbe(am/is/are/was/were)do/does/didhave/h
2、as/hadwill/shall/begoingtocan/may/must/shall/needcould/should/would/mighthave(has)to/hadbetter第2页及物动词及物动词是是后面能够直接跟宾语动词后面能够直接跟宾语动词:see/hear/drink/eat/Isawhimlastweek.Weheardthebadnewsyesterday.Theyeatbreadeveryday.Hedrankaglassofmilkjustnow.不及物动词不及物动词是是后面不能够直接跟宾语动词后面不能够直接跟宾语动词:laugh/smile/look/listen
3、/Shesmiledhappily.Theylaughedloudly.假如要加宾语假如要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助就要靠一个介词来帮助:Shelookedattheblackboardcarefully.Helistenedtohisteacherinclass.Theylaughedatusafterthematch.什么是什么是及物动词及物动词和和不及物动词不及物动词呢呢?!第3页常见不及物动词vgo come move fail work die lie live rise arise vlisten look agree arrive sit vhappen take place
4、occur break out belong stay vcome up come about vfight struggle graduate smile nod vdisagree talk第4页1 主系表型主系表型 Sheis averygoodgirl.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)Thegirlisverygood.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)2主谓型主谓型_式式:Theylaughed.Thekitesflyinthesky.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_词词)_式式:Iboughtanewbike.Heplaysvolleyball.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)
5、(_词词)(_语语)_式式:Shetoldmeastory.Hegavemeagoodbook.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)_式式Heaskedmetohelphim.Hemademehappy.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)原来也蛮简单哦原来也蛮简单哦!我来分析一下这我来分析一下这些句子中所包含成份些句子中所包含成份第5页一、句子成份一、句子成份v（一）句子成份定义：（一）句子成份定义：v组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。v句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；句子成份有主
6、要成份和次要成份；v主要成份有主要成份有主语主语和和谓语；谓语；v次要成份有次要成份有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和足语、同位语和插入语插入语。第6页第7页二）主语：二）主语：v主语主语(Subject)1.主语主语:是一个句子主干部分之一是一个句子主干部分之一,主语表明主语表明是是“什么人什么人”，“什么事什么事”.主语可由主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词和主语从句名词、名词化形容词和主语从句等等7种表种表示。比如：示。比如：第8页1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusich
7、asbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）第9页7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomaster
8、aforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式）第10页（三）谓语（三）谓语 v谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做动作或含说明主语所做动作或含有特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，普通有特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，普通放在主语之后。谓语组成以下：放在主语之后。谓语组成以下：v1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。如：成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffattenoclock.第11页（三）谓语（三）谓语 vv2、复合谓语：、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动
9、词原形组成。如：）由情态动词加动词原形组成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词现在分词,过去分词组过去分词组成。如：成。如：DoyouspeakEnglish？Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系动词加表语组成。如：）由系动词加表语组成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。第12页（四）表语（四）表语 v表语表语(Predicative)v用以说明主语性质、特征、状态与身份，
10、它用以说明主语性质、特征、状态与身份，它普通位于系动词（如普通位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后。v表语普通由表语普通由名词、代词、形容词、数词、名词、代词、形容词、数词、副副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句等语从句等10种情况表示。比如：种情况表示。比如：第13页1.OurEnglishteacherisanAmerican.（名词）（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）（形容词）4.Thespeechise
11、xciting.（分词）（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwenty one?（数词）（数词）第14页6.Hisjobisto teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplaying football.（动名词）（动名词）8.Themeetingisof great importance.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）（副词）10.Thetruthisthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）第15页注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用
12、于连接主语和用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，比如：比如：Heisateacher.2）连续系动词连续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,比如：比如：Healwayskept silentatmeeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,比如：比如：H
13、eseems(tobe)verysad.第16页注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look比如：比如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）改变系动词改变系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come.比如：比如：Ourcountryisbecomingricherandricher.6）结果
14、是结果是;证实是证实是prove,turnout,比如：比如：Therumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.第17页（五）宾语（五）宾语v宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作对象或承爱者，普通）表示动作对象或承爱者，普通位于及物动词和介词后面。比如：位于及物动词和介词后面。比如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）第18页
15、4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第19页v宾语种类宾语种类：v（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），比如：直接宾语），比如：Lendme your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,re
16、ad,tell,bring,throw等，比如：等，比如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:make,buy,sing,cook等，比如：等，比如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.v（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），比如：宾补），比如：vTheyelectedhim their monitor.第20页（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语 v宾语补足语（宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），），用于补充说明宾语动作，普通位于宾语用于补充说明宾语动作，普通位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起组成复合之后，宾语与宾语补足
17、语一起组成复合宾语。需接复合宾语动词有：宾语。需接复合宾语动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。等。“宾补宾补”普通可普通可由名由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语词短语充当。比如：充当。比如：第21页1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoun
18、deverythinginthelabingoodorder.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）第22页（七）定语（七）定语 v修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。v定语可由以下等成份表示：定语可由以下等成份表示：1.Guilinisa beautiful city.（形容词（形容词）2.Chinaisadeveloping country;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词（分词）3.Therearethirty womenteachersinourschool.（名词）（名词
19、）4.His rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）（代词）第23页5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）（动名词）7.Heisreadinganarticleabout how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8.Sheisthegirlwho sings best in my class.(定语从句定语从句)第24页（八）状语（
20、八）状语 v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）第25页4.Hesatintheroom,makingamodelplane.5.Onceyoube
21、gin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（状语从句）第26页9种状语种类以下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainat six?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecause of the rain.3.Ishallgothereif it doesnt rain.4.MrSmithliveson the third floor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwith great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）第27页vShecameinwith a dictionar
22、y in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,Imustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthat he fell asleep immediately.8.Sheworksveryhardthough she is old.9.Iamtallerthan he is.（伴随状语）v（目状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）第28页 （九）同位语（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面名词）对前面名词或代词做深入解释，通常由或代词做深入解释，通常由名词名词、数词、数词、代词代词或或从句从句担任，如：担任，如：Th
23、isisMr.Zhou,our headmaster.（十）插入语（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话）对一句话做一些附加解释，通常有做一些附加解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe-)等，如：等，如：To be frank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.第29页简单句种类v1 主+谓v2 主+谓+宾v3 主+谓+宾+宾v4 主+谓+宾+宾补v 5 主+系+表we laugh.we clean the classroom.we saw him talking with the teacher.we buy him a gift.
24、we are students.第30页v一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成份：一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成份：v1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.v2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.v3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.v4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!v5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.v6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.v7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijin
25、g.v8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.第31页v9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.v10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.v11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.v12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.v13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.v14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?v15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.v16.Wouldyo
26、upleasetellmeyouraddress?v17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.v18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.第32页v19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.v20.Theapplestastedsweet.v一、一、1、主语，定语；、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；、间接宾语；3、谓语，、谓语，状语；状语；4、定语；、定语；5、状语，状语；、状语，状语；6、定语，表、定语，表语；语；7、宾语，状语；、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；、谓语，主语；9、谓语；、谓语；10、主语，表语；、主
27、语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；、谓语，宾语；12、状语；、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；、插入语，状语；16、宾语、宾语(间宾间宾+直宾直宾)；17、状语，状语；状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；宾补；20、表语、表语第33页 句子成份句子成份练习题练习题(二二)指出以下句子中划指出以下句子中划线线部分句子成份：部分句子成份：1.Whether well go depend on the weather.2.Peoples standards of living are goin
28、g up steadily.3.That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children.5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow.6.We are sure that we shall succeed.7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other.8.There are many films that Id like to see.第34页 9.Have you met the person about who
29、m he was speaking?10.I have a lot of work to do.11.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it.12.She was the first to learn about it.13.How many new words did you learn last class?14.Seeing this,some comrades became very worried.15.Much interested,he agreed to give it a try.16.The old man was feeling very
30、 tired17.We should serve the people heart and soul.第35页18.You will find it useful after you leave school.19.Spring coming on,the tree turned green.20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky 21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.22.Its strange that she doesnt come tod
31、ay.23.It was in the library that I found him today.24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working.25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.第36页答案答案1.主语从句主语从句2谓语谓语3表语从句表语从句4宾语宾语5.间宾间宾6.宾语从句宾语从句7.定语定语8.定语从句定语从句9.定语定语10.定语定语11.状语状语12.定语定语13.宾语宾语14.状语状语15.状语状语16.表语表语17.状语状语18.宾补宾补19
32、.状语状语20.定语定语21.宾语从句宾语从句22.主语从句主语从句23.状语状语24.状语状语25.状语状语第37页四、选择填空：v()1._willleaveforBeijing.vA.NowtherethemanvB.ThemanherenowvC.ThemanwhoisherenowvD.Themanisherenowv()2.Theweather_.vA.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldvC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcoldv()3.Theappletasted_.vA.sweetsB.sweetlyvC.nicelyD.sweet第38页v
33、()4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.vA.latelyB.latevC.latestD.latterv()5.Theactor_attheageof70.vA.deadB.diedvC.dyedD.dyingv()6._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.vA.We,usB.Us,wevC.We,ourD.We,we第39页v()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch_.vA.crowdB.crowdingvC.crowdedD.crowdedlyv()8.Ithink_necessarytolearnEn
34、glishwell.vA.its B.itvC.thatD.thatis第40页v()9.Thedog_mad.vA.looksB.islookedvC.isbeinglookedD.waslookedv()10.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.vA.thatB.whenvC.inwhichD.where第41页一一分析以下句子成份分析以下句子成份1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfa
35、therboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity7.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.8.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.第42页9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighly
36、ofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Dontgetnervous.Helpyourselftowhatyoulike第43页KEYS分析以下句子成份分析以下句子成份1.主主语语系系动词动词表表语语2.主主语语系系动词动词表表语语3.主主语语动词动词宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足足语语4.主主语语双双宾动词宾动词间间接接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语5.主主语语及物及物动词动词宾语宾语6.主主语语动词动词形式形式宾语宾语it宾语补宾语补足足语语+宾语宾语7.主主语语不及物不及物动词动词8.主主语语系系动词动词表表语语9.主主语语动词动词宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足足语语10.主主语语双双宾动词宾动词间间接接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语11.主主语语双双宾动词宾动词间间接接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语12主主语语及物及物动词动词宾语宾语13.主主语语及物及物动词动词宾语宾语14.主主语语动词动词宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足足语语15.主主语语系系动词动词表表语语第44页第45页