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1、TheLubrizolCorporation2006,allrightsreservedMetalworkingAdditives金属加工添加剂金属加工添加剂October2012TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedAgenda议程Introduction概况介绍MetalworkingCapabilitiesandSupport金属加工系列产品线和技术支持ProductOfferingandFormulationAdvices产品介绍和配方举例Questions问题2TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsr
2、eservedSulfurizedEPAdditives,TraditionalSolubleOilEmulsifier硫系极压剂及乳化剂产品硫系极压剂及乳化剂产品WaterbasedAdditives,EmulsifierExpertise,SpecialityPolymericEsters水基添加剂、乳化剂和聚合酯水基添加剂、乳化剂和聚合酯WaterbasedAdditives,CorrosionInhibitorExpertise,水基防锈及防腐水基防锈及防腐蚀剂蚀剂Biocides杀菌剂杀菌剂RustPreventives,WaterbasedCorrosionInhibitors防锈
3、剂防锈剂RustPreventives,NaturalSulfonatesupply,ThixotropicGelledSulfonate防锈剂、磺酸盐防锈剂、磺酸盐3TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedGlobalSupport全球技术支持Technicallaboratories技术实验室Wickliffe,OHUSABrecksville,OHUSAHazelwood,EnglandSpartanburg,SCUSAMetalworkingResearch&TechnicalService金属加工产品研发和技术支持金属加工产品研发和技术
4、支持Hamburg,Germany德国汉堡德国汉堡MetalworkingTechnicalSupport金属加工产品技术支持金属加工产品技术支持Shanghai,China上海上海MetalworkingTechnicalSupport金属加工产品技术支持金属加工产品技术支持4TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedShanghaiMetalworkingResources上海实验室配置和评价方法ProcedurePropertyEvaluatedIP287FilterPaperChipBreakpoint防锈/滤纸铁屑法IP263Emulsi
5、onStability乳化安定性IP311ConcentrateStorageStability储存稳定性IP312FoamTestShakingMethod泡沫试验ASTMD455KineticViscosity黏度测定LubrizolPumpTestFoamTest路博润泡沫试验MicroTapIILubricity润滑性评定/攻丝扭矩Mod.TimkenFishTank BacteriaResistance抗菌性试验Ifneedtechnicalserviceforourcustomers,plsfillinTSRsfirst.MicroTapFoamRig5TheLubrizolCor
6、poration2007,allrightsreservedAdditivesApplicationsCapabilities路博润添加剂的应用领域Cleaners清洗剂清洗剂MetalRemoval切削切削MetalForming成型成型ProcessAdditives工艺助剂工艺助剂RustPreventives防锈防锈IndustrialAdditives工业用油工业用油CorrosionInhibitors腐蚀抑制腐蚀抑制InternalLubrication润滑润滑LubrizolMetalworkingAdditives6TheLubrizolCorporation2006,all
7、rightsreservedMetalworkingAdditivesProductOfferingforWaterbasedProducts水基金属加工液产品介绍水基金属加工液产品介绍TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedMetalworkingAdditives金属加工添加剂WaterBasedWaterMiscible水基或水溶性产品-AqueousFluidSystem应用于水基体系-GenerallySuppliedasConcentrateforDilutioninWater通常以浓缩液的形态供应，使用时以水稀释-SubCatego
8、ries这类产品包括SolubleOil乳化油Synthetic全合成液SemiSynthetic半合成液8TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedProductCategories产品EmulsifierComponentsEmulsifierPackagesHongJing乳化复合剂洪泾介绍ExtremePressureAdditivesLubricityAdditives润滑剂RustPreventivesCorrosionInhibitors防锈剂IndustrialMetalworkingBiocides杀菌剂9TheLubrizolC
9、orporation2007,allrightsreservedLubricityAdditivesforwatermisciblefluids水基润滑剂水基润滑剂10TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedLubricity/EPagents润滑/极压剂ADDOSANESTEP206TMP-EsterofCastoroilandOleicacid是以蓖麻油和油酸为原料的TMP的酯AddosanESTEP206isusedasanEP-additiveinwatermisciblemetalworkingfluids,especiallyforA
10、l-processing.Typicaltreatlevelsintheconcentrateshouldbe5-10%.该产品可用于水基配方中做极压剂，特别适合铝加工。加量该产品可用于水基配方中做极压剂，特别适合铝加工。加量510%Forthemachiningofsteeltheadditionshouldbebetween5and20%totheconcentrate,dependingontherequirementsandtheseverityoftheprocess用于钢材加工时需要在浓缩液里加入用于钢材加工时需要在浓缩液里加入520%，视加工的剧烈程度而定。，视加工的剧烈程度而定
11、。Innonwaterbasedmetalworkingfluids,AddosanESTEP206isqualifiedforfinesteelwiredrawingincombinationwithP-EPandS-additives.在非水基的体系中它与含磷或含硫极压剂共用可用于细钢线的拉拔。在非水基的体系中它与含磷或含硫极压剂共用可用于细钢线的拉拔。AddosanESTEP206canalsobeusedasafattyagentinnon-watermisciblemetalworkingfluids.在非水溶性配方里可用作油性剂在非水溶性配方里可用作油性剂Itisalsosuita
12、bleforgrindingprocesseswhereagoodstabilityofthefattycomponentisrequired.在磨削加工中如果需要使用稳定性好的油性剂，可考虑使用该产品在磨削加工中如果需要使用稳定性好的油性剂，可考虑使用该产品11TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedAddosanEstep206PropertiesColour颜色:ligthbrown浅棕色Acidvalue酸值(mgKOH/g):max10Viscosity黏度(40C):appr85mm/sTypicaluselevel典型用量Water
13、based水基:510%Neatoils油基:12%(neatoils:2%Estep206+0.5%EPC127-usedforflutegrinding在油基配方中使用2%Estep206+0.5%EPC127可用于成管加工)12TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedBECROSANE2135amineandboronfreeformulationwithbiocide配方举例：不含胺、不含硼的半合成液配方配方举例：不含胺、不含硼的半合成液配方BECROSANE213545%AddosanESTEP20610%NaphthenicBaseO
14、il42%CONTRAMOF-G2.5%CONTRAMJ30D0.5%Anapprox.8%emulsionofapreparationofBECROSANE2135,performanceester(inparticularAddosanESTEP206)inbaseoil(asabove)worksextraordinarywellforgeneralaluminiummachining.上述配方以上述配方以8%的稀释液用于铝加工具有非常突出的效果的稀释液用于铝加工具有非常突出的效果Appearance外观visual目测translucent半透明Emulsionstability乳化安
15、定性visualafter24hrs0mloil/0mlcreampHvalue,5%inwater5%水溶液的PH值DIN513699.1CorrosionprotectionDIN51360part2Note0at4%vol防锈13TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedSemiSyntheticAluminum铝加工半合成液润滑效果45%BECROSANE2135+环烷基油VS10%ADDOSANESTEP206+45%BECROSANE2135+环烷基油14TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreser
16、vedHighoil-Semi-SyntheticPackages与高含油半合成复合剂的复配配方Baseoil基础油基础油41.7045.7050.70BECROSANE2137H/LUBRIZOL568342.00-BECROSANE2135-40.00-BECROSANE2152-35.00ADDOSANESTEP20610.010.010.0CONTRAMMBOorST-12.002.002.00CONTRAMJ30D0.300.300.30Quicklin131.00-Water水水3.00-TD25/30-2.002.00LUBRIZOL5674消泡剂消泡剂0.10-0.1015Th
17、eLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedPerformance性能E2137H/LUBRIZOL5683E2135E2152Appearance外观外观yelow-lightbrown,clear黄色淡棕色，透明Yelowlightbrown,clear黄色淡棕色，透明Yellowlightbrown,clear黄色淡棕色，透明Appearanceemulsion(5%in20dH)乳液外观乳液外观Fresh新鲜乳液Translucent半透明Translucent半透明Translucent半透明after24h24小时后translucent-n
18、ocream半透明无浮皂translucent-nocream半透明无浮皂translucent-nocream半透明无浮皂corrosion-DIN51360-part2防锈防锈2%-class0-12%-class1-22%-class2corrosion-IP287防锈防锈breakpoint2%breakpoint3%breakpoint3%pH-value-(5%in20dH)pH值值9.209.409.40foamcharacteristic泡沫5%in10dHnofoam无泡沫nofoam无泡沫nofoam无泡沫5%in5dH70ml-10ml-0ml50ml-0ml-0ml70
19、ml-10ml-0mlReichertwithoutlubricity磨斑磨斑/未加润滑剂未加润滑剂30.0mm31.3mm33.2mmReichertwith磨斑磨斑/加入加入ADDOSANESTEP20623.0mm23.8mm24.3mm16TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedMetalworking-CorrosionInhibitors防锈剂17TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedBecrosan2131TechnologyTrivialname:Triazinetrisamino
20、hexanoicacid三嗪三氨基己酸三嗪三氨基己酸IUPAC:6,6,6-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino)-trihexanoicacidCAS-No.80584-91-4MW:468.6g/mol18TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedBecrosan2131TechnologyApplications应用应用Neutralizedwithalkali/alkanolamineperformsasveryeffectivecorrosioninhibitor用碱用碱/醇胺中和后是非常有效的腐蚀抑制剂
21、醇胺中和后是非常有效的腐蚀抑制剂AppliedinalltypesofwaterbasedsystemsMetalworkingfluids(Semi-syntheticandsyntheticfluids)可以用于所有类型的水基体系金属加工液可以用于所有类型的水基体系金属加工液(半合成和合成液半合成和合成液)Highwaterbasedhydraulicfluids(HFC)可用于高水基液压液可用于高水基液压液(HFC)Engineandothercoolingsystems用于发动机和其他冷却体系用于发动机和其他冷却体系19TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrig
22、htsreservedBecrosan2131TechnologyBenefits优点优点Veryeffectivecorrosioninhibition高效防锈高效防锈Doesnotformresinousfilmsorgumsonmetals不会在金属表面形成树脂或胶状膜不会在金属表面形成树脂或胶状膜Lowfoaming低泡沫低泡沫Noaluminumstaining(dependingonamineused)不会造成铝腐蚀不会造成铝腐蚀Compatiblewithhardwaterupto2000ppm耐硬水能力高达耐硬水能力高达2000ppmCanbeusedforcorrosioni
23、nhibitionofmulti-metalsystems,mightbeimprovedbyadditionofSkosanorKSP24/531andheptanoic/ison.Acid可以用于含多种金属的体系，添加可以用于含多种金属的体系，添加SkosanorKSP24/531可提高防腐蚀效果可提高防腐蚀效果PROVEN:Notendencytoformnitrosamines(5fruleinUS)不会生成亚硝胺不会生成亚硝胺Excellentairrelease良好的空气释放性能良好的空气释放性能20TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreser
24、vedBecrosan2128TechnologyTrivialname:Tolylsulfonamidohexanoicacid对甲苯磺酰氨基己酸对甲苯磺酰氨基己酸IUPAC:4-MethylphenylsulfonylaminohexanoicacidCAS-No.78521-39-8MW:285.0g/mol21TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedBecrosan2128TechnologyApplications应用应用:Neutralizedwithalkali/alkanolamineperformsasveryeffective
25、corrosioninhibitor用碱用碱/醇胺中和后是非常有效的腐蚀抑制剂醇胺中和后是非常有效的腐蚀抑制剂AppliedinalltypesofwaterbasedsystemsMetalworkingfluids(Semi-syntheticandsynthetic)可以用于所有类型的水基体系金属加工液可以用于所有类型的水基体系金属加工液(半合成和合成液半合成和合成液)Watertreatmentprocesses水处理过程水处理过程Presswaters水压系统水压系统Industrialcleaners工业清洗剂工业清洗剂Off-shorelubricants海上石油海上石油/天然气
26、钻探用润滑剂天然气钻探用润滑剂Waterbasedhydraulicfluids水基液压液水基液压液Water/glycolcoolingsystems(+KSP24/531)水水/乙二醇冷却体系（可加入乙二醇冷却体系（可加入KSP24/531提高抗腐蚀效果）提高抗腐蚀效果）22TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedBecrosan2128TechnologyBENEFITSVeryeffectivecorrosioninhibitionforferrousmetals,castiron,ferrousalloysatapHvalueof8.p
27、H值值8时，对铁、铸铁和铁合金的防锈非常有效时，对铁、铸铁和铁合金的防锈非常有效Easyhandling,easysoluble,nondusting,odorless容易使用，容易溶解容易使用，容易溶解,不会产生粉尘，不会产生粉尘，无味无味Nostickyresiduesafterwaterphaseevaporation水相挥发后无粘性残留物水相挥发后无粘性残留物Lowfoaming低泡低泡Compatiblewithhardwaterupto2000ppm耐硬水能力耐硬水能力2000ppmNostainingonaluminum(dependingonamineused)不会造成铝变色不
28、会造成铝变色Notendencytoformnitrosamines不会生成亚硝胺不会生成亚硝胺Higherthermalstabilitythanmetalsoaps比金属皂具有更好的热稳定性比金属皂具有更好的热稳定性23TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedFullysyntheticbasedonBECROSAN2131全合成液的建议配方20%Triethanolamine三乙醇胺5%Monoethanolamine单乙醇胺16%BECROSAN21312,5%Isononanoicacid异壬酸0,5%SkosanorKSP5310,5
29、%CONTRAMNFK55,5%Water水DIN51360T2(Chipfiltertest)防锈（滤纸铁屑法）=2,5%class0pH-value(3%inDI-water)pH值（在3%去离子水中）=9,2Foambehaviour(5%in10dH-water)泡沫=70ml30ml0mlReichert(5%inDI-water,100m,1,5kg)磨斑=30,6mm/GM10024TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedStartingFormulationGrinding/Machiningmoreseveremachining
30、用于更高负荷的磨削/切削配方Component成分%ByWeight重量%Triethanolamine三乙醇胺20Monoethanolamine单乙醇胺5BECROSAN213110Water水balanceADDCO410P5ADDCOMLB10X10SKOSANORKSP5310,5Bactericide/fungicide杀菌剂2-325TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedSemisyntheticbasedonBECROSAN2131半合成配方32,0%Baseoil基础油8,0%ADDCONATEM15,5%Triethanol
31、amine三乙醇胺2,0%Monoethanolamine单乙醇胺7,5%BECROSAN21282,0%BECROSAN21312,5%TD25/307,5%Couplingagents(fattyalcohol)偶合剂15,0%Water水5,0%BECROSANC656(fattyacidamide脂肪酸酰胺)2,5%CONTRAMST-10,5%CONTRAMJ30DAppearance外观Clear,yellow黄色透明Emulsion乳液Translucent半透明DIN51360T2(Chipfiltertest)防锈=2,5%class0pH-value(3%inDI-wate
32、r)pH=9,326TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedUseOfAlkanolamidesInMetalworking金属加工液中链烷醇酰胺的应用Emulsifier做乳化剂Functionsasaprimaryorsecondaryemulsifierino/wmetalworkingformulations在水包油型乳化油配方中可做主乳化剂或助乳化剂使用LubricityAdditive润滑剂Amidesbasedonlongerchainedfattyacidsenhancelubricationpropertiestoafluid基
33、于长链脂肪酸的酰胺有助于提高体系的润滑效果CorrosionInhibitor防锈剂Fattyacidalkanolamidesprovideextracorrosionprotectionforferrousmetals脂肪酸的链烷醇酰胺对黑色金属有良好的防锈效果.27TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedFattyamides/esters脂肪酸酰胺/酯STRENGTH优点优点Cheapcorrosioninhibitors是一种较便宜的防锈剂是一种较便宜的防锈剂Posttreatmentapplicationpossible可现场添加可现
34、场添加Lowclassificationlevel。Lowtoxicityprofile低毒性低毒性Someareliquid,easytohandle有一些产品是液体的，易操作有一些产品是液体的，易操作Usedforsemi-syntheticandsolubleoiltypefluids可用于乳化油和半合成液可用于乳化油和半合成液28TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedFattyamides/esters脂肪酰胺/酯Product产品产品Alk.amine胺的种类胺的种类Appea-rance外观外观Viscosity40C黏黏度度TAN
35、酸值酸值TBN碱值碱值Solubility溶解性溶解性CP-51360/2SOE+2%am.5%inw.(orig:cl.3,0,9,2)防锈（浓缩液中加防锈（浓缩液中加2%，5%稀释）稀释）B.210EMEAPasty膏状-810Emuls.可乳化cl.2,pH9.2B.210MMEAPasty膏状-153Emuls.可乳化cl.2,pH9.1B.210RDEALiquid液体3855130Emuls.可乳化cl.1,pH9.1B.210DIIDEALiquid液体1701435Emuls.可乳化cl.1-2,pH9.0B.541MIPLALiquid/pasty液态/膏状15039Emul
36、s.可乳化cl.2,pH9.0B.C656DGALiquid液体2005010Soluble可溶cl.1-2,pH9.2B.228DEALiquid液体39015150Dispers.水分散cl.0-1,pH9.2B.583TEA/MEALiquid液体2105052Emuls可乳化cl.0-1,pH9.1B.2021DETAWaxy蜡状4560C3.524Insol.不溶cl.2,pH9.229TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedPerformance性能18%LUBRIZOL5475in100Nbaseoil18%LUBRIZOL5475
37、+2%BECROSAN583in100Nbaseoil18%LUBRIZOL5475+4%BECROSAN583in100NbaseoilAppearance外观外观yelow-lightbrown,clear黄色淡棕色，透明Yelowlightbrown,clear黄色淡棕色，透明Yellowlightbrown,clear黄色淡棕色，透明Appearanceemulsion(5%in20dH)乳液外观乳液外观0mloil/0.3mlcream0mloil/0.1mlcream0mloil/0.1mlcreamcorrosion-DIN51360-part2防锈防锈5%-class25%-c
38、lass15%-class0corrosion-IP287防锈防锈breakpoint5,5%breakpoint4,5%breakpoint4%pH-value-(5%in20dH)9.209.409.40foamcharacteristic泡沫泡沫5%in10dHnofoam无泡沫nofoam无泡沫nofoam无泡沫5%in5dH70ml-10ml-0ml100ml-40ml-0ml100ml-50ml-0mlReichert磨斑磨斑34.0mm31.3mm28.2mm30TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedADDCONATEStarti
39、ngFormulationSemiSynthetic建议起始配方建议起始配方半合成半合成Baseoil基础油基础油30.00ADDCONATEM10.00DEG2.00TEA10.00TD25/301.00GuerbitolC162.50BECROSAN(TM)C6567.50Isononanoic异壬酸异壬酸1.00EmulsogenM0.50Water水水35.50Appearance外观Clearyellowliquid黄色透明液体Appearance-emulsion乳液外观Translucent半透明pH-value(3%in20dH)PH值9.15Corrosion(DIN5136
40、0-2-4%)防锈Class0-131TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedADDCONATEStartingFormulationSemiSynthetic建议起始配方建议起始配方半合成半合成baseoil基础油基础油32.00ADDCONATEM8.00BECROSANC2141(carboxylicacidsalt羧酸盐羧酸盐)25.00TD25/302.50EmulsogenM5.003370V2.50Water水水15.00MEA2.00BECROSANC656(Fattyacidamide)5.00CONTRAMST-12.50CO
41、NTRAMJ30D0.50Appearance外观Clearyellowliquid黄色透明液体Appearance-emulsion乳液外观Translucent半透明pH-value(3%in20dH)PH值9.3Corrosion(DIN51360-2-4%)防锈Class032TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedBiocides杀菌剂杀菌剂33TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedBiocidereview:34TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsr
42、eservedBiocidereview:Micro-organismslike微生物喜欢Awetenvironment潮湿环境Temperature温度Dust尘土Andcertainelementsasfoodstuff以及某些可以作为食物的元素WhicharegiveninallMETALWORLKINGFLUIDS这些在金属加工液中均可以得到满足这些在金属加工液中均可以得到满足35TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedBiocidereview:36TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreserved
43、Bactericides杀细菌剂杀细菌剂37TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedCONTRAMST-1N,N-methylenebismorpholineN,N-亚甲基双吗啉CAS#5625-90-138TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedCONTRAMMBOOxazolidine,3,3-methylenebis5-methyloxazolidine噁唑烷，3,3-亚甲基双5-甲基唑烷CAS#66204-44-239TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsr
44、eservedProductFeatures产品特性CONTRAMST-1ExceptionalstabilityinMWFconcentrates在浓缩物中特别稳定Doesnotdisruptbalanceofemulsionsystem不会干扰乳液体系的平衡Long-lastingefficacy(half-lifeis5-8months)长效（半衰期5-8个月）Uniquebalanceofoilandwatersolubilityimportantfeatureforemulsionsystems突出的水溶性和油溶性对乳液体系非常重要Lowtotalformaldehydeconten
45、t总甲醛含量低Evidenceforefficacyvs.mycobacteria对细菌特别有效Noskinirritation(noR43)对皮肤刺激性小（不用“贴标签”R43）Easycompatiblewithcommonusedfungicides(NaPyrion,IPBCs,BBits)容易与抗真菌剂并用WorksquitewellinpHranges7-11在pH7-11范围内特别有效Concentratetreatment:2,53,0%浓缩物加剂量2.5-3.0%Tanksidetreatment:notpreferred不推荐用于现场添加Stabilityproblemso
46、fCONTRAMST-1assold:solidificationatcoldtemperaturesCONTRAMST-2,CONTRAMST1-50ST-1气温较低时，会凝固，可以使用CONTRAMST-2，ST-1/5040TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedProductFeaturesCONTRAMMBOBalancedperformancefortanksideorconcentratetreatment可以用于浓缩物或现场维护Greateroilsolubilitythancompetitivematerials油溶性更好Tan
47、ksidecomplementtoproductsprotectedbyST-1inconcentrate(avoidmicrobeacclimationandresistance)可以用作含有ST-1浓缩物产品使用时的现场维护（避免产生耐药性）Hightotalformaldehydecontentforfastactivityonexistingmicrobialgrowth高甲醛含量可以快速杀死细菌Basedonprimaryamine基于一级胺Concentratetreatment:2,53,0%浓缩物2.5-3.0%Tanksidetreatment:0,10,2%现场0.1-0.
48、2%HarderincorporationinMWFconcentratesadditionalcouplingagentsnecessary(fattyacids,ethoxylatedorfattyalcohols)需要一些偶合剂以帮助提高浓缩物的稳定性（脂肪酸，乙氧基化物或脂肪醇）41TheLubrizolCorporation2007,allrightsreservedProductFeaturesCONTRAM121Uniquebalanceofperformanceproperties优异的杀菌性能Quickactivityfortanksidecontrolcoupledwith
49、goodstabilityinfluidconcentrates在浓缩物中优异的稳定性，同时可以用于现场添加ComplementtoCONTRAMST-1protectedfluidsalternatetanksidechemistrytoavoidmicrobeacclimationandresistancetooneparticularbactericidechemicaltype可以用作含有ST-1浓缩物产品使用时的现场维护替代品，避免某些特定种类的细菌产生抗药性Greateroilsolubilitythancompetitivetriazinesforimprovedcompatib
50、ilityandstabilityinmetalworkingfluidemulsions比三嗪类杀菌剂的油溶性更好，和金属加工乳液有更好的兼容性和稳定性MorestablethanHHT比HHT更加稳定Concentratetreatment:2,53,0%浓缩物：2.5-3.0%Tanksidetreatment:0,10,2%现场：0.1-0.2%HarderincorporationinMWFconcentratesadditionalcouplingagentsnecessary(fattyacids,ethoxylatedorfattyalcohols)需要一些偶合剂以帮助提高浓缩