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1、第1页 英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,能够发觉其内在联络,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,能够发觉其内在联络,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,能够发觉其内在联络,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,能够发觉其内在联络,找出其共同规律。英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基找出其共同规律。英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基找出其共同规律。英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基找出其共同规律。英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省
2、略或倒装。掌握这五种基本本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。英语五种基本句型列式以下:英语五种基本句型列式以下:英语五种基本句型列式以下:英语五种基本句型列式以下:基本句型一:基本句型一:基本句型一:基本句型一:+(主谓)(主谓)(主谓)(主谓)基本句型二:基本句型二:基本句型二:基本句型二:+(主系表)(主系表)(主系表)(主系表)基本句型三:基本句型
3、三:基本句型三:基本句型三:+(主谓宾)(主谓宾)(主谓宾)(主谓宾)基本句型四:基本句型四:基本句型四:基本句型四:+IO+IO+(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五:基本句型五:基本句型五:基本句型五:+(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)第2页基本句型基本句型 一一+(主谓)(主谓)此句型句子有一个共同特点,此句型句子有一个共同特点,即句子谓语动词都能表示完整意即句子谓语动词都能表示完整意思。思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。语从句等。第3页(不及
4、物(不及物(不及物(不及物动词动词动词动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayisplayinghavegone第4页基本句型 二+(主系表)(主系表)此句型句子有一个共同特点:句子谓语动词此句型句子有一个共同特点:句子谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思,必须加上一个表明主都不能表示一个完整意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语,才能
5、表示完整语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语,才能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundbe,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,等属一类,表示情况;表示情况;get,grow,become,turn,goget,grow,become,turn,go等属另等属另一类,表示改变。一类,表示改变。be be 本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义,只起连只起连系主语和表作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义系主语和表作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另另:stay,prove,
6、remain,stand:stay,prove,remain,stand第5页(是系(是系(是系(是系动词动词动词动词)(表表表表语语语语)1.This1.This2.Thedinner2.Thedinner3.He3.He4.Everything4.Everything5.He5.He6.Thebook6.Thebook7.Theweather7.Theweather8.Hisface8.Hisfaceisissmells(smells(闻闻闻闻)fellfelllookslooksisisisisbecamebecameturnedturnedanEnglishdictionary.anE
7、nglishdictionary.good.good.happy.happy.different.different.tallandstrong.tallandstrong.interesting.interesting.warmer.warmer.red.red.第6页 基本句型基本句型 三三+(主谓宾)(主谓宾)此句型句子共同特点是:谓语此句型句子共同特点是:谓语动词都含有实义,都是主语产生动动词都含有实义,都是主语产生动作,但不能表示完整意思,必须跟作,但不能表示完整意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作承受者,才能有一个宾语,即动作承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动使意思完整。这类动词
8、叫做及物动词。词。第7页(实义动词实义动词实义动词实义动词)(宾语宾语宾语宾语)1.Who1.Who 2.She2.She3.He3.He8.He8.He5.They5.They6.Danny6.Danny7.I7.I4.He4.Heknowsknowslaughatlaughatunderstandsunderstandsmademadeateatelikeslikeswantwantsaidsaidtheanswer?theanswer?her.her.English.English.cakes.cakes.someapples.someapples.donuts.donuts.tohav
9、eacupoftea.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.Goodmorning.第8页 基本句型基本句型四四+IO+(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)此句型句子有一个共同特点:谓语动此句型句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表示完整意思。词必须跟有两个宾语才能表示完整意思。这两个宾语一个是动作直接承受者,另一这两个宾语一个是动作直接承受者,另一个是动作间接承受者。个是动作间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作间接承受者在动作直接承受者接,当动作间接承受者在动作直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。之前时,这一介词往
10、往被省略。第9页(及(及物)物)(多(多指人)指人)(多指物)(多指物)1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.第10页 基本句型基本句型 五五+(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)此句型句子共同特点是:动此句型句子共同特点是:动词即使是及物动
11、词,不过只跟一词即使是及物动词,不过只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思,必个宾语还不能表示完整意思,必须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语,须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。第11页(及物)(及物)(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.第
12、12页(二)(二)第13页1.They work hard.1.They work hard.主主主主 +谓谓谓谓2.The flower is dead.2.The flower is dead.主主主主+系系系系+表表表表3.Plants need water.3.Plants need water.主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds.主主主主+谓谓谓谓+直宾直宾直宾直宾+简宾简宾简宾简宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should kee
13、p the plants in the shade.主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾+宾补宾补宾补宾补6.Many animals live in trees.6.Many animals live in trees.主主主主 +谓谓谓谓第14页 除了基本句型成份不变外,通常是在这些成份前面或除了基本句型成份不变外,通常是在这些成份前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语能够是单词后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语能够是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也能够是各种类型短语(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也能够是各种类型短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基(主要是介词短
14、语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五(本句型五(v+o+o.c)为例:)为例:Wefoundthehallfull.我们发觉礼堂坐满了。我们发觉礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个主要汇报。我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个主要汇报。Wefoundthegreathal
15、lfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeoplesDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报一我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报一位同志作相关东欧局势主要汇报。位同志作相关东欧局势主要汇报。第15页 不一样动词使用句型也不尽一样,所以在学习动词时,应不一样动词使用句型也不尽一样,所以在学习动词时,应掌握动掌握动词类型词类型。以。以get为例:为例:Hesgettingangry.(SVP)Hegotth
16、roughthewindow.(SVO)Youllgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)Hegothimselfintotrouble.(SVOC)Hegotherasplendidpresent.(SV0O)在句子中在句子中词类和词位置也影响句子句型和意思词类和词位置也影响句子句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.我很轻易地找到了这本书。我很轻易地找到了这本书。SVOM)Ifoundthebookeasy.我以为这本书很轻易。我以为这本书很轻易。(SVOC)Ihavetodosomething.我得做点事。我得做点事。
17、Ihavesomethingtodo.我有点事做。我有点事做。第16页ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,.S+V第17页 A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-st
18、udded U.S.team on its way to the world championships.S+V+O 第18页Ministry:ThaibirdfludidnotoriginateinChinaAccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedo
19、nthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministrysstatementsaid.s+v+p ApolicemanremovesacheckpointnoticefromtheroadtothevillagewherebirdflupatientwerefoundinZhongweiCounty,northwestNingxiaAutonomousRegion,August12,.Xinhua第19页MembersofHongKongsinginggroup,Gi
20、llianChung(L)andCharleneChoiholdabannerwhichreads“Dignity”duringanewsconferenceentitled“Privacyanddignity:HongKongpeoplesbusiness”inHongKongAugust28,.Semi-nude(半裸半裸)photosofChungtakenwithahiddencamerahavesparkedanuproar(骚骚动动)amongfansandwomensrightgroups.S+V+O第20页 FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathemati
21、cianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.(NMET.C篇)篇)这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾
22、使一批出色数学大师为难,包含一位法国女科学家,出,曾使一批出色数学大师为难,包含一位法国女科学家,她在处理这个难题方面取得了重大进展,她曾女扮男装为她在处理这个难题方面取得了重大进展,她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。两个定语从句。第21页 Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long,the genetic influence
23、 that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.S+V+P Josephine Tesauro,left,active and healthy at 92,is part of a study trying to determine why some people age better than others,even when they are closely related.第22页 Washingto
24、n says world powers are poised to begin discussing punitive measures next week against Iran if,as expected,the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)reports Teheran has ignored the UN demand to stop enriching uranium by August 31.第23页英语句式考查英语句式考查第24页1.Whomwouldyourather_thecar?Myfather.A.havefixB.
25、havetofixC.hadfixD.havetobefixed2.Wasit8oclock_youheardsomeone_atthedoor?A.when;knockingB.when;knockC.that;knockingD.that;knock3.Wasitintheroom_Mr.Johnlived_theexhibitionwasheld?A.that;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.where;that4.Is_youwanttosay?Yes,_thatsallIknow.A.allwhat;yetB.whichall;unlessC.thata
26、ll;D.allthat;so第25页5.Wasitnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan?A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since6._thehouseMrZhanghasbeenbrokeninto?A.WhenwasitthatB.WhenhasC.HasD.Had7.Did_shewaschosenmakeherveryhappy?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it8.WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1994,_wasledbycaptainJohnson,_Peterlosthislife?A.
27、when;thatB.that;whoC.which;thatD.which;when第26页9.-Wouldyoutellme_youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk?-Sugar,please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how10.Atlastthesoldiersreached_thelocalscalledtheGoldenTriangle.A.whatB.whichC.asD.one11.“Wellmakepublicschools_canbe.”saidthepresidentinthespeech.A.whattheyB.whatitC.
28、thattheyD.allit12.Theartcenteris_usedtobeafactory,_millionsoftractorsweremade.A.what,whereB.where,whereC.what,whichD.where,which第27页13.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall_kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.which14.Iamashamed,sir,thatIwastedthemanyhours_Ishouldhavestudiedinclass.A.whileB.asC.onceD.when15.Teachersshouldcreateanenvironment_childrenaretaughthowtosolveproblemsoflearningbythemselves.A.whyB.where C.whichD.whose第28页