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1、Lesson51rewardforvirtue对美德奖赏第1页Do you think you are overweight?Is it embarrassed you?第2页Howtoloseweight?takeexercisestakeastrictdiethealthyways第3页Howtoloseweight?takeoperationtakemedicineunhealthyways第4页Keywords1.rewardn.v.酬劳getnothinginrewardforoneskindness好心不得好报奖金,酬金Asystemofrewardsandpenalties奖惩制
2、度Thefiremanreceivedarewardforsavingthechildslife.givesb.reward给报偿rewardsb.withsth.用奖赏.rewardsb.forsth.因为给某人奖赏第5页2.virtuen.美德,德行Shehasmanyvirtuessuchasloyalty,courageandtruthfulness.3.dietn.节食Goonadiettotrytolosesomeweight.日常饮食abalanceddiet均衡饮食第6页virtuev:tju:n.美德;优点;贞操;功效美德;优点;贞操;功效havethevirtueof含有含
3、有优点优点makeavirtueofnecessity心甘情愿心甘情愿地做非做不可事地做非做不可事Virtueisitsownreward.谚语谚语有德便有德便是有报;为善最乐是有报;为善最乐。第7页dietdaitn.饮食;食物;要求饮食vi.节食vt.医照要求饮食过去式dieted过去分词dieted现在分词dietingShehasdietedofffivepounds.她用节食减轻了五磅。Wemustdietandtakemoreexercises.我们必须节食并多锻炼。Nodessertforme,thanks,Imdieting.请别给我甜食,我正在按要求进食。第8页4.forbi
4、dv.(forbade,forbidden)Wineisabsolutelyforbiddentoallthechildren.绝对禁止任何孩子喝酒。Parkingforbidden禁止停车Forbidsth.Forbidsb.todosth.Iforbidyoutotellanyone.我不准你告诉任何人。后接动词作宾语时,该动词要用动名词,不用不定式。如:Heforbidssmokingduringofficehours.他不允许在上班时间抽烟。动名词前有时能够有自己逻辑主语。如:Icantforbidyourseeingthatmanagain.我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。Timedo
5、esntpermitmywaitinglonger.时间不允许我等得太久。第9页她不准她孩子们吃糖。近义词:ban,interdict,prohibit反义词:permit,allow Itisforbiddentosmokeinthisroom.禁止在本室吸烟。Iforbidyouthehouse.我不准你进入房子。Sheforbadeherchildrensweets.英语可用prevent(stop,keep,prohibit)sbfromdoingsth,不过forbid不能用于该句型;若要表示类似意思,可用forbidsbtodosth。第10页5.embarrassv.使尴尬,使难
6、堪Hisdrunkenbehaviorembarrassedher.Embarrassedadj.窘,尴尬Shefeltembarrassed.她感到很尴尬。Embarrassingadj.令人尴尬Anembarrassingsituation使人尴尬处境Embarrassmentn.难堪awkward第11页6.strictadj.严格bestrictwithsb.对某人严格Myfatherisstrictwithme.bestrictinsth.对严格7.occasionallyadv.偶然地,有时ontheoccasion,inthecircumstance/situationattim
7、es偶然,offandon偶然,nowandagain偶然第12页Hurriedlyadv.慌忙地;仓促地seizehurriedly被抱进;慌忙抓住;突然拿起Hurriedlyconcocted炮制pasthurriedly急忙忙忙即将过去hurried-hurriedly慌忙地inahurry=hurriedly慌忙第13页这时,他看见她正急急忙忙地迎面跑来Shehurriedlylefttheroomasifshewasangry.她急急忙地离开房间好像很生气Wesawacrewmemberhurriedlyrushedfromthefilmingscenetowherewewere.看
8、到一个工作人员急忙从拍片那边跑过来我们这里Youshouldntreallydepartsohurriedly.你确不应该那么快就离开Justthenhesawherrunninghurriedlytowardshim.第14页 guiltilyadv.内疚地;有罪地guilt罪行guiltily有罪地,内疚地guiltiness有罪.guiltier,guiltiest第15页 在结束这本你即将读到小说很快,我写了一篇名为真实,疯狂与罪恶文章,登载在了纽约时报上。Itsmyfault.hesaidguiltily“这是我错”他内疚地说。Itookguiltily,lititandsmoked
9、withsatisfaction.我内疚地接过一枝点上,心满意足地抽起来。NotlongafterIfinishedthebookyouareabouttoread,IwroteanessayentitledTruly,MadlyGuiltilythatappearedintheNewYorkTimes.第16页YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.paysb.avisit造访某人payavisittosb./someplace造访某人/某地.callonsb./atsomeplace第17页Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelu
10、nderhisdesk.leadsb.into进门showsb.out出门seesb.off送行第18页Textanalysis1.Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.Hebeganhisdietaweekago.这个问题一直极难处理,但最近变得很严重以致老板非常生气。第19页2.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHugh
11、loves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets.Firstofall第一,首先Firstofall,letmesayafewwordsaboutourplan.Writeout(正式)写出,全部写出Writeoutareport第20页3.YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.paysbavisit造访某人payavisittosb./someplace造访某人/某地.callup/onsb.造访某人callatsp.造访某地第21页4.IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHu
12、ghwasstillasfatasever.Asfatas像一样胖as+adj./adv.+as像一样Heisassmartasyou.asasever像往常一样,照旧,依然我打开车间门,一点也不奇怪,车间和以前一样吵。第22页Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.他带我进了车间,快速藏了一个纸箱子在
13、机器下面。很显著他不想让我看到纸箱。第23页Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!他解释说他女儿太小了以致他不得不偶然请假照料家里,接着他给我看他钱包里东西,里面有他女儿和妻子照片,还有一张购物卡和一张信用卡。第24页1.raiseandriseraise作动词时只能做及物动词,即他必须跟宾语。作动词时只能做及
14、物动词,即他必须跟宾语。他能够表示举起,往上提,使。升高等含义。他能够表示举起,往上提,使。升高等含义。willthosewhoagreewithmepleaseraisetheirhands?Whydidtheyraiseprices?Heavyrainshaveraisedtheleveloftheriverthisyear?第25页Rise作动词时常为不及物动词,表示起立,起床,作动词时常为不及物动词,表示起立,起床,(日,月等)升起等含义。(日,月等)升起等含义。Youarestillinbedandthesunhasalreadyrisen!Allthestudentsrosewhe
15、ntheteachercameintotheclassroom.第26页LayandlieLay(laid,laid)vt.置,搁,铺,准备置,搁,铺,准备Ilaidyourclothesonthebedsoyoucouldputthemaway.Ifyoucantcookthedinner,youcanatleastlaythetable.Lie(laylain)vi.躺,平卧躺,平卧Areyougoingtospendthewholemorninglyinginthebed?第27页BeatamdwinBeatvt.打败,战胜,胜过,超出打败,战胜,胜过,超出Theybeattheiren
16、emy,theywerefewerinnumber.Ibeatyou.我打败了你。我打败了你。表示一个球队打败另一个球队也用表示一个球队打败另一个球队也用beat。Winvt.在。获胜(成功),赢得,取得,夺得在。获胜(成功),赢得,取得,夺得Whowontherace/thewar?Beat后面接对手,后面接对手,win不能接对手。不能接对手。第28页【Special Difficulties】形容词、对应副词及其使用方法:形容词、对应副词及其使用方法:许多副词,尤其是表示方式副词,皆由形容词加许多副词,尤其是表示方式副词,皆由形容词加-ly组组成成,如,如easy(轻易)(轻易)/easi
17、ly(轻易地),(轻易地),beautiful(漂亮)(漂亮)/beautifully(漂亮地)。(漂亮地)。一些频度副词也如此组成,如一些频度副词也如此组成,如usual(通常)(通常)/usually(通常地)。还有少数几个表示程度及观点副词也都以(通常地)。还有少数几个表示程度及观点副词也都以-ly结尾:结尾:high(高)(高)/highly(高度地),(高度地),real(真)(真)/really(真正)。(真正)。第29页大多数形容词加大多数形容词加“ly”变为副词变为副词:如如 beautifulbeautifully,不过不是全部形容词都能够加,不过不是全部形容词都能够加ly(
18、asleep);不是全部副词都一定以;不是全部副词都一定以ly结尾结尾(late);不是全部加;不是全部加ly都都是副词是副词(lovely)有些副词即使由形容词加有些副词即使由形容词加-ly组成,但在意义上与其对组成,但在意义上与其对应形容并不相同,如应形容并不相同,如hard(勤奋,困难)(勤奋,困难)/hardly(几乎不),(几乎不),cold(冷)(冷)/coldly(冷淡),(冷淡),late(迟到,晚)(迟到,晚)/lately(最近,最近),(最近,最近),near(近,(近,靠近)靠近)/nearly(几乎,差不多,差点儿)。(几乎,差不多,差点儿)。第30页有些副词有两种形
19、式。有意义相同,如有些副词有两种形式。有意义相同,如cheap(廉价)(廉价)/cheaply(廉价地)(廉价地)有些副词在形式上与形容词相同,如有些副词在形式上与形容词相同,如fast,past,far等。等。大多数方式副词位置普通在宾语或动词前面,表示时间副大多数方式副词位置普通在宾语或动词前面,表示时间副词常位于句尾,有时也可位于句首。词常位于句尾,有时也可位于句首。程度副词,如程度副词,如almost,enough,hardly,nearly,quite,rather,too等,大部分用在它们所修饰动词之前。等,大部分用在它们所修饰动词之前。第31页Quite and Quietqui
20、te adv.完全,相当,很完全,相当,很quiet adj.平静,平静,静止,寂静平静,平静,静止,寂静1 Im _ready.2 Are you _certain?3The sea was very _this morning.4 The house became _again when the children were goquitequitequietquiet第32页1.Thehorseisgettingoldandcannotrun_itdid.A.asfasterasB.sofastthanC.sofasterasD.asfastas2.Thestudentsare_young
21、peoplebetweentheagesofsixteenandtwenty.A.mostB.almostC.mostlyD.atmost3.Thisyeartheyhaveproduced_grain_theydidlastyear.A.asless,asB.asfew,asC.less,thanD.fewer,than第33页4.-CanIhelpyou?-Well,Imafraidtheboxis_heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too5.-Excuseme,isthisMrBrownsoffice?-Imsorry
22、,butMrBrown_workshere.Heleftaboutthreeweeksago.A.notnowB.nomoreC.notstillD.nolonger6.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced_tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas第34页7.-WillyougivethismessagetoMrWhite,please?-Sorry,Icant.He_.A.doesntanymorewo
23、rkhereB.doesntanylongerhereworkC.doesntworkanymorehereD.doesntworkhereanylonger8.How_canyoufinishthedrawing?A.longB.often.C.soonD.rapid9.Shedoesntspeak_herfriends,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.A.aswellasB.asoftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodas10.“Canyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointang
24、rilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing第35页现在进行时theperfectcontinuous概念:过去发生或已经完成动作对现在造成影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,连续到现在动作或状态。组成:现在完成时由助动词have+过去分词组成,助动词have有些人称和数改变。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前 GrammarGrammar第36页以study为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式以下:否定式Ihavenot(havent)studied.疑问式HaveIstudied?否定
25、疑问式Youhavenot(havent)studied.简单回答Hashestudied?(必定/否定Yes,hehasstudied./No,hehasnot(hasnt)studied.第37页1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成动作或存在状态。说话人强调是该动作或状态对现在结果或影响。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。Imsurewevemetbefore.我必定我们以前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。使用方法使用方法第38页2)表示连续到现在动作或状态,往往和包含现在在内)表示连续到现在动作或状态,往往和包含现在在内表示一段时间状语连用,
26、如表示一段时间状语连用,如recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet等。等。如:如:Ihaventheardfromherthesedays.这些日子我没有收到她信。这些日子我没有收到她信。Wehaventseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday她自从星期一一直和我们在一起她自从星期一一直和我们在一起第39页1Youhavepromisedtohelpher,soyoumustdothat.你已经许诺要帮她,那你就必须做到。2Donnotcryaboutthemilkthathasbeenspiltout.牛奶已经泼出来了,再哭也没用了。(覆水难收意思)3)表示感情色彩)表示感情色彩第40页Goodbye第41页