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1、语法专题-宾语从句第1页一、宾语从句概念一、宾语从句概念宾语从句即用一个句子作主句宾语，而不再宾语从句即用一个句子作主句宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）动名词作宾语）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）（不定式作宾语）IknowMr.LiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）句子作宾语）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语）句子作宾语）第2页Pleas
2、efindtheobjectofeachsentence.WhichofthefollowingsentenceshasanObjectClause?1.Iwillbuyabike.2.IthinkMrZhangisaverygoodteacher.3.Helikesmeat.4.ShecanspeakEnglishandFrench.5.MrSmithknewhissonmadesomemistakes.6.Theshopsellsdifferentkindsoffood.7.Icanseetheboysareplayingfootball.8.Wehaveplantedhundredsof
3、treesintheschool.这些划线部分都能够用这些划线部分都能够用_来提问。来提问。what第3页二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素连连接接词词时时态态语语序序第4页（一）连接词1.that连接连接_2.whether/if连接连接_3.代词代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.副词副词whenwhywherehow3、4连接连接_普通疑问句普通疑问句普通陈说句普通陈说句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句第5页注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成份，在口语当中往往省略1.Ihear(that)_.(一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)_.（他非
4、常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun注意：注意：当从句是客观真理时候，不论主句什么时当从句是客观真理时候，不论主句什么时态，从句一律用普通现在时态，从句一律用普通现在时第6页由隶属连词由隶属连词whether,if引导宾语从句引导宾语从句Iwanttoknow_.2.Askhim_.3.Iwonder_.4.Couldyoutellme_?if/whetherhewillgotothepar
5、kwithuswhether/ifhecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“是否是否”，惯用在，惯用在ask,wonder,find out can(could)tell me,dont know,dont care等后。等后。whether/if Mr.Liliveshere第7页只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if情况情况1.在在_后面：后面：Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.2.在在_前：前：Theyask
6、edmewhethertogoskating.介词介词动词不定式动词不定式第8页3.当与当与_连用，连用，MaryaskedwhetherornotIwouldattendthespeechcontest.Tellmewhetheryoudliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4._时：时：Whetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.5.当会产生歧义时：当会产生歧义时：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook.ornot提出两种选择提出两种选择宾语从句提前宾
7、语从句提前或或_时时:第9页1.Heasked_.2.Doyouknow_?3.Heasked_.4.Doyouknow_?5.Pleasetellme_.6.Canyoutellme_?7.Couldyoutellme_?whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwellhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和和连接副词连接
8、副词 where,how,why,when引导宾从引导宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成份，含有一定意义，不可省略。任句子成份，含有一定意义，不可省略。第10页选择正确连接词选择正确连接词1.Canyoutellme_youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that2.Idontknow_theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.when D.where3.Ihardlyunderstand_hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.which D.who4.Shedid
9、ntknow_backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeD.wouldhewhetherbe5.Idontknow_hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhere C.whatD.when第11页6.Doyouknow_theylistenedtoyesterday?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow7.Heaskedme_toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhich CwhoDwhose8.Peterasked_dictionarythiswas.A.whoseB.w
10、hos C.which D.that9.Itoldhim_wasmybook.A.whomB.which C.whoD.whose10.Mumaskedme_Iwouldgoshoppingwith.A.whichB.thatC.where D.whom第12页（二）语序：陈说句语序 即：主句即：主句+连接词连接词+从句（从句（主主+谓谓+其它成份其它成份）HeaskedmewhenIwasgoingtothebookstore.当从句原句为以下句子以及当从句原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：作主语时，语序不变：Whatswrong?Whatsthematter?Whats
11、happening?What(has)happened?Whichisthewayto?Whosoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Doyouknowwhowillgiveusaspeechthisafternoon?Iwanttoknowwhatcanbedoneaboutit.第13页陈说句语序陈说句语序1.Theydontknow_.AwhataretheirparentsBwhattheirparentsareCwhowastheirparentsDthattheirparentarewho2.Pleasetellme_lastyear.A.whe
12、redoesyoursisterworkB.wheredidyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworksD.whereyoursisterworked3.SheaskedmeifIknew_.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit第14页4.Youmustremember_.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid5.Didyouknow_?A.whohewas
13、lookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingforD.whoishelookingafter6.Couldyoutellme_?A.whenwilltheyleaveforBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveforBeijingC.whentheywillleaveforBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveforBeijing第15页（三）时态(时态一致性）主句用现在时态，从句可用任何时态（按需要）。主句用现在时态，从句可用任何时态（按需要）。Iknowheisateacher.Iknowhewasateach
14、erthreeyearsago.Iknowhehasbeenateacherfor3yearsIknowhewillbeateacheraftergraduation.主句用过去时态，从句可用对应过去时态。主句用过去时态，从句可用对应过去时态。但从句说明是普通真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍但从句说明是普通真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。用现在时。Iknewhewasateacher.Iknewhehadbeenateacherfor3years.Iknewhewouldbeateacheraftergraduation.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaround
15、thesun.第16页确定从句时态确定从句时态(依据主句时态依据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从句句时时态态连连接接前前连连接接后后普通现在时普通现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变普通过去普通过去时时普通现在时普通现在时普通过去时普通过去时普通过去时普通过去时普通过去时普通过去时过去完成时过去完成时普通未来时普通未来时过去未来时过去未来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时第17页时态一致练习时态一致练习1.Thegirlsaskedifthey_somefoodanddrin
16、kwiththem.A.cantakeB.takeC.takesD.wouldtake2.Catherinesaidthatshe_toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen3.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey_adictationtoday.A.wouldhaveB.hasC.willhaveD.are4.SheaskedLindaif_goandgetsomechalk.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay5.Lindasaidt
17、hemoon_roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled第18页1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatt
18、hey_ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou_aboutthemurdernow.(talk)willbegoeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeentravelsaretalkingweredoing时态一致练习时态一致练习第19页9.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be)10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11.Mr.Wangtoldmethatth
19、eearth_(move)roundthesun.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_thereseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do)wrotemoveshastakenhadbeenrisesdidwerewouldwrite第20页转述中人称代词、时间、地点等转换转述中人称代词、时间、地点等转换 -依听说话时实际情况进行对应转变
20、依听说话时实际情况进行对应转变 Imtired,shesaid.Shesaidthat_wastired.Youplayverywell,hetoldme.Hetoldmethat_playedverywell.Youmusthandinyourpapertomorrow,theteachertoldus.Theteachertoldusthat_musthandin_paper_.Mr.Carteraskedhim,Areyourbookshere?Mr.Carteraskedhimif_bookswere_.sheIweourhistherethenextday第21页 Shesaidto
21、me,Openthedoor,please.Dontopenthedoor,please,IsaidtoTom.宾语从句改写中特殊情形宾语从句改写中特殊情形 IaskedTom_thedoor.Shetoldme_thedoor.原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用“ask/tell sb.(not)to do sth.”句式。toopennottoopen第22页宾语从句宾语从句与与简单句简单句转换转换 I dont know how I can answer the question.He hoped to be a basketball player.Idontknow_thequ
22、estion.Hehoped_abasketballplayer.howtoanswer(that)hecouldbe第23页Itisntgoingtorain.(Ithink)宾语从句否定形式宾语从句否定形式 Idontthinkitisgoingtorain.普通而言，宾语从句否定式与普通句子否定式一样。但普通而言，宾语从句否定式与普通句子否定式一样。但若主句谓语动词是若主句谓语动词是think、believe、guess、suppose等表示等表示“认为，猜测认为，猜测”等词时，普通要把宾等词时，普通要把宾语从句中否定式转移到主句中。语从句中否定式转移到主句中。(Hethinks)Hed
23、oesntthinkitisgoingtorain.第24页宾语从句应掌握关键点宾语从句应掌握关键点1宾语从句中必须用陈说句语序陈说句语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成份，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。2要注意主句时态和从句时态呼应时态呼应。l当主句谓语动词是现在时态时，从句谓语动词可用任何需要时态。l当主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内某一个时态。（排除下一条）l从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词也须用普通现在时。3.在think,believe等动词引发宾语从句中，假如否定是后面从句，普通要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句依然用必定式。
24、(否定前置否定前置)第25页1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_theseflowers_fromGuangdong.2.Light(光光)goesfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_light_fasterthansound.3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidntknow.Jackdidntknow_there_ameetinginfivedays.4.CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow
25、_French.that werethat goesthat would beif they can speak第26页5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme_thechildren_games.6.Whatshisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat_.7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_inthepicture?if are playinghis name was how many people you can see 第27页8.Wheredidsh
26、eputhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow_hercar?9.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered_often_about.10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idontknow.Idontknow_atthedoorsoloudly.11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idontknow.Idontknow_hestill_inthatstreet.where she putwhat he talkedwho knockedif lives第28页
27、12.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme_.13.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_they_friedchicken.14.Whydidntyoucomewithustotheparty？SueaskedSteven.SueaskedSteven_tothepartywiththem.when the train arrivesif wantedwhy he hadnt gone第29页将以下句子合并为一句将以下句子合并为一句1.Wheredotheystop
28、ontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyousayatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.4.Heisdoinghishomework.Hesaid.5.Hewillcomeback.Tomsaid.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will say at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing.He said that he was doing his
29、 homework.Tom said that he would come back.第30页6.Isshedoingherhomework?Jimasked.7.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.8.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?9.Whyisthetrainlate?Wouldyoutellme?10.WhereisTom?Theyasked.Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you
30、tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.Jim asked if she was doing her homework.第31页1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid_.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring2.Letmetellyou_.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIs
31、pentonthecar第32页3.Peterknew_.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis4.Couldyoutellme_?A.whoyouarewaitingforB.wheredoyouliveC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein5.Shetoldmethesun_intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen第33
32、页6.Idontknow_upsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetC.whydoeshegetB.whyhegetsD.whyhegot7.Themanagercameuptosee_.A.whatwasthematterB.whatwrongwasC.whatthematterisD.whatsthematter8.Heaskedhisfather_.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen第34页9.Noonehastoldus_,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit10.Couldyoupleaseteachme_thecomputer.A.howcheckC.howtocheckB.howcheckingD.tohowchecking11.Wheredoyouthink_he_theTVset?Sorry,Ivenoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.did;bought第35页第36页