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1、Lesson 69 But not murder!第1页murdermournfulsupposev.v.假设假设n.n.谋杀谋杀adj.adj.悲伤悲伤第2页tapexaminerinstruct n.n.主考人主考人v.v.轻敲轻敲v.v.命令，指示命令，指示第3页brakebrakepedalpedalreactreactn.n.刹车刹车n.n.踏板踏板v.v.反应反应第4页acquireconfidencev.v.取得，取得取得，取得n.n.信心信心第5页Lets review the words!第6页instruct1).v.指导，向指导，向下命令下命令tell日惯用语，利用广泛，
2、语气不强日惯用语，利用广泛，语气不强order语气较强，有权威者用来指示他人服从语气较强，有权威者用来指示他人服从instruct&direct用于客观、公事场所，对需要采取行动准用于客观、公事场所，对需要采取行动准确说明确说明Theofficercommandedhismentofire.2).v.教授，传授教授，传授instructsb.ininstructor教员，教练，指导员教员，教练，指导员instructionC命令，指示命令，指示U传授，指导传授，指导第7页acquire1).（靠努力或行为）取得（靠努力或行为）取得gain取得自信取得自信acquireconfidence2).
3、学得，养成（习惯）学得，养成（习惯）养成抽烟习惯养成抽烟习惯acquireahabitofsmokingacquisitionkwizinn.取得取得,所获之物所获之物,收购收购第8页confidence名词n.1.自信,信心,把握U(+in)+to-v+thatHelacksconfidenceinhimself.他缺乏自信。2.信赖,信任U(+in)Wehaveconfidenceinthemayor.我们信任这位市长。第9页confidencen.have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth.他充满信心地回答下列问题他充满信心地回答下列问题Heansweredthequest
4、ionswithconfidence.IhaveeveryconfidencethatIcanmanageitbefullofconfidence充满信心充满信心confidentadj.有信心有信心,有把握有把握confidentofsth./confidentthat我必定你能得到那份工作我必定你能得到那份工作Imconfidentthatyoullgetthejob.他确信会到达目标他确信会到达目标Hewasconfidentofachievinghisaim.第10页tohave/loseconfidenceinsb。缺乏信心lackofconfidenceIhavemuchconfi
5、denceinhim我对他很有信心inconfidence看成秘密Iamtellingyouthisinconfidence我现在告诉你这件事情是个秘密（strictconfidence绝密）confidentadj.Beconfidentofsth/thatheisconfidentofvictory他对胜利充满信心aconfidentsmile一个自信微笑第11页Suppose及物动词 vt.1.猜测,认为+(that)I suppose he is still in town.我想他还在城里。1).假设假设假设你是总经理，在那种情况下你会怎么做假设你是总经理，在那种情况下你会怎么做Sup
6、pose that youre the general manager,what will you do on that occasion.2).认为认为 think,expect认为必须,认为应该Youre not supposed to take the books out of the room.这些书不能拿出屋去。be supposed to 理应，应该理应，应该他应该按时在那他应该按时在那He is supposed to be there on time.3.必须以.为前提Every effect supposes a cause.任何事产生都必定有其原因。第12页4.(用于祈使语
7、气)让.+(that)Supposewesetoutatsix.我们六点动身吧。5.假定+(that)Supposethecarshouldbreakdownagain.假定汽车又出毛病了。不及物动词vi.1.猜测,料想第13页v.1.be supposed to do sth.(尤指因为要求或掌权者指示)被期望做。；应该。Youre supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom.你假如要离开教室，应该先问问老师。本应，本该（用于表示某事本应发生而没有发生）The meeting was supposed to t
8、ake place on Tuesday,but weve had to postpone it.这个会本应该星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了2.be supposed to be sth.被相信是。，被认为。The castle is supposed to be haunted.人们相信这座城堡闹鬼。3.认为；料想；猜测；假定Suppose(that).What makes you suppose were going to sell the house?你凭什么认为我们准备把这房子卖掉第14页4.（正式）假定，预期；以。为条件The companys plan supposes a s
9、teady increase in orders.企业计划是基于订单将连续稳定增加预期。5.I suppose 我想，我认为（用于认为某事真是，但不敢必定）I suppose he could have shot himself,but where would he have got the gun?我想他可能是开枪自杀，但他是从哪里得到抢？我想（尤用于表示勉强同意某人做某事）I suppose so.Can we come with you?Oh,I suppose so.我们能够跟你一起来吗？哦，我看能够吧我猜测（用于猜测）6.suppose/supposing 假设，假定（用于要某人构想
10、假如某情况存在会发生什么事）Look,suppose you lost your job tomorow,what would you do?哎，假设你明天丢掉了工作，你会怎么办呢？第15页tap.1).v.knockgentlytapat/onsth.tapsb.ontheshoulder不及物动词vi.1.轻拍,轻叩,轻敲(+on)Listen!Someoneistappingonthewindow.听!有些人在敲窗户。2).n.敲击声，水龙头敲击声，水龙头turnon/offtaptapwater自来水自来水mineral-water矿泉水矿泉水名词n.C1.轻拍,轻叩,轻敲Therew
11、asataponthewindow.有些人在轻叩窗户。2.鞋掌;鞋底第16页mournfuladj.悲恸悲恸,令人惋惜令人惋惜,悲伤悲伤Therewasamournfullookonherface.Hesaidinamournfulvoice.mournv.感到悲痛感到悲痛mournfor/oversb./sth.人民悼念他们被杀害领袖人民悼念他们被杀害领袖Thepeoplemournedfortheirslainleader.她为她独生子死而哀痛她为她独生子死而哀痛Shemournedoverthedeathofheronlyson.mourner悼念者悼念者第17页mournful形容词a
12、.1.忧伤;悲切;凄惨themournfulhowlingofthewind凄厉风号声amournfulexpressiononherface她脸上忧伤神情amournfulstory一个令人悲伤故事2.消极,意气消沉takeamournfulviewofhumanaffairs对世事抱消极态度第18页react1).reacttosb./sth当地居民对这一消息表示愤恨当地居民对这一消息表示愤恨Localresidentshavereactedangrilytothenews.我花了很长时间才反应过来我花了很长时间才反应过来Ittookmealongtimetoreact.Themarket
13、reactedbyfallingafurthertwopoints.股市反应是再下跌两个百分点股市反应是再下跌两个百分点2).化学反应化学反应reactant化学反应物化学反应物nuclearreactor核反应堆核反应堆第19页ButnotmurderI was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out
14、 of town,I began to acquire confidence.Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.第20页As soon as I tap
15、 on the window,you must stop within five feet.I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly,Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.The examiner looked at me sadly.Mr.Eames,he said
16、,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!第21页 I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.Sure that I had passed,I was a
17、lmost beginning to enjoy my test./The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet./I continued driving and a
18、fter some time,the examiner tapped loudly,Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.The examiner looked at me sadly.Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!第22页I was being te
19、sted for a driving licence for the third time.driverslicence驾照practicelicence营业执照licenceplate（美）车牌numberplate（英）车牌test1）v.测验，检验我最好是检验一下眼睛Idbetterhavemyeyestested.2）n.考试，试验，检验，Theiraffectionhasstoodthetestoftime.haveatestdrive试车testmatch国际锦标赛第23页I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done
20、 so successfully.heavyadj.大量，多，密集heavytraffic交通流量很大，交通拥挤这条路交通比另一边拥挤。Trafficisheavieronthisroadthanontheotherone.trafficjam堵车trafficlights,trafficsignals红绿灯trafficcircle（AE）roundabout（BE）转盘道，环形路口heavyadj.Hehadaheavy,sullenface.阴沉Hedumpedtheheavysuitcasesbythedoor.重Ifeltsofullafterthatheavymeal.(因油腻而)
21、难消化第24页drive1)v.Canyoudrivemehome/tothestation?Thedeathofhersondrovehermad.Failuredrovehimtosuicide.2)n.旅程，车程到车站只有几分钟车程。Itsonlyafewminutesdrivetothestation.第25页After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my te
22、st.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,musthavebeen表示对过去事情猜测bepleasedwith对满意他对我进步很满意Hewaspleasedwithmyprogress.她似乎很满意他来了。Sheseemedverypleasedthathehadcomeperformancen.表现，演出，推行实施他在工作上表现出众Heisexcellentintheperformanceofhisduties.第26页Just one more thing,Mr.Eam
23、es.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.letussupposethat让我们假设让我们假设有一起森林火灾。Letussupposethatthereisaforestfire.Withinprep.不超出，在。之内她不到一小时就回来了Shereturnedwithinanhour.Wearenowwithinsightoftheshore.现在我们能看到海岸。第27
24、页I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly.Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.我花了10分钟说服她一会儿回电话。Ittookme10minutestopersuadehertocallbacklater.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.第28页The examiner looked at me
25、sadly.Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!inavoice以声调inamournful/angry/sad/cheerfulvoice他用悲伤声音告诉了他们那个消息。Hetoldthemthenewsinasad/excitedvoice.beingoodvoice嗓音好loseonesvoice嗓子哑了raiseonesvoice提升声调withonevoice异口同声givevoiceto说出意见Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussi
26、onbutthenfinallygavevoicetoheropinionsaboutthesubject.玛丽在讨论早期阶段缄默不语，不过最终她发表了对该问题看法。thevoiceofreason理性呼声第29页每句赏析I was being tested for a driving license for the third time.第三次接收测试。was being tested,过去进行时，正在接收测验，被动动作正在进行。I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.heavy traf
27、fic，交通非常忙碌；so successfully，作者对自己表现很满意；即使在交通忙碌路上驾车，“我”还是驾轻就熟，犹豫满志。After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.begin to acquire confidence,开始有了信心,信心增加有一个渐进过程。第30页每句赏析Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.Sure,省略结构，完整形式应该是“Being sure”,在文中作状语表
28、示原因；almost beginning to enjoy,作者信心再次提升，考试对他来说几乎成了一个消遣。The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.must have 对当初情况推测，很有把握；for从句点明作者作出推测依据。Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the windo
29、w,you must stop within five feet.考官设置一个情景。第31页I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly.loudly,声音强度很大。Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.though 引导让步状语从句，与主句情况形成对照。作者能够很清楚地听到窗玻璃声音，可是他似乎是忘乎所以，过了很久都没有反应过来。每句赏析第32页I suddenly pressed the brake
30、 pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.suddenly,表示作者突然间反应过来；hard,用力过猛；and 之后句子说明结果；were both thrown forward,两人都被抛到前面。The examiner looked at me sadly.sadly,考官大失所望。Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!in a mournful voice,考官用一个很悲伤声调说话，与前文“sadly”相对应；即使考官只是构想一个情境，不过看到
31、作者表现，还是很煞有其事地用悲伤语气告诉他：孩子给轧死了。考官一本正经，滑稽幽默跃然之上，让文章生色不少。每句赏析第33页被动语态被动语态第34页语法学习语法学习I was being tested for a driving license for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.I sudde
32、nly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.第35页【Key structures】被动语态组成：.被动语态由“助动词be及物动词过去分词”组成。人称、数和时态改变是经过be改变表现出来。现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中组成。普通现在时：amisaredone普经过去时：wasweredone普通未来时：willshall bedone现在进行时：amisare
33、beingdone过去进行时：waswere beingdone现在完成时：havehas beendone第36页2.被动语态特殊结构形式1)带情态动词被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词能够有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，能够把主动结构中一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语依然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by
34、his mother for his birthday.第37页3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.可改为The boy was made to
35、work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.改为I am never let to watch TV by mother.第38页4.在被动语态中还能够用介词+动名词结构。介词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。假如两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则能够用after+动名词完成式表示第一个动作；假如只表示先后次序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生。After having been instruc
36、ted to drive out of the town,I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城指令后，我就开始有信心了。The man called the police after being robbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话He killed a child before being arrested他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子On/After being told that her mother was seriously,she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。被动语态用于介词+动名词结构普通不用
37、于口语，比较正式。第39页被动语态能够用于被动语态能够用于“介词介词+动名动名词词”结构中，在英语中是很正式结构中，在英语中是很正式使用方法，普通不用于口语使用方法，普通不用于口语。介词（介词（afterafter，beforebefore，on on）+动名动名词词”这个结构通常相当于一个这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。时间状语从句。第40页假如两个动作中有一个在另一个开假如两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则能够用始之前已经完成，则能够用“after+after+动名词完成式动名词完成式”表示第一个动作；表示第一个动作；假如只表示先后次序，则可用假如只表示先后次序，则可用“af
38、ter/before+after/before+动名词动名词”结构结构“on+on+动名词动名词”通常表示两个动通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生作几乎同时发生第41页The man called the police after being robbed.He killed a child before being arrested.On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill,she hurried back to England.第42页被动语态用于被动语态用于wantwant后面不定式中后面不定式中时，时，to beto be能够
39、省略，能够省略，wantwant后跟被后跟被动语态时往往表示希望他人完动语态时往往表示希望他人完成所说动作成所说动作 I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.第43页被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作连续性I was being asked about the film all day yesterday.第44页第45页sted1、I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.a driving licence 驾驶执照was being t
40、asted 过去进行时态被动语态，叙述故事，描述情境for 表目 for+次数第46页2、I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.heavy adj.大量，多，密集 Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.第47页3.After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.after having been instruc
41、ted to drive out of town介词短语作时间状语，主从句主语一致时，可简化从句原句为：After I had been instructed to drive out of town,第48页Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.此处省略了being，这个分词结构在句中作状语表原因As he was most worried about his child,he didnt sleep last night.Worried about his child,he didnt sleep la
42、st night.第49页5、The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.must have been表示对过去事情猜测performance n.表现，演出，工作
43、情况第50页SpecialdifficultiesPracticeandAdvicepracticen.（重复）练习，实践，实施practisevt.&vi.练习，经常做Jimmyusedtopractise(playing)footballeveryafternoon.Shepractisesonthepianoforthreehourseveryday.Hestillneedsalotofpractice.Hepractisesthepianoeveryday.第51页Specialdifficultiesadvicen.忠言,劝说,提议(不可数名词)Shegavemesomegoodad
44、vice/apieceofadviceaboutjobs.advisevt.&vi.劝说，向提供提议Sheadvisedmeagainstgoingtotheparty.她提议/劝我不要去参加聚会Iwanttogiveyousomeadvice.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?第52页SpecialdifficultiesEnjoy,EntertainandAmuseenjoyvt.观赏，喜爱，享受之乐（后跟名词、动名词，用于主动语态）Ienjoyswimminginsummer.Werereallyenjoyingourselves.entertainvt.款待，招待，请客；使高
45、兴，给娱乐（=amuse）Weoftenentertainfriendsatweekends.第53页SpecialdifficultiesUncleSamentertains/amusesthechildrenforhoursatatime.萨姆叔叔一连好几小时地逗孩子们乐。Mychildrencanentertain/amusethemselvesforhourswithtellingstoriestoeachother.amusevt.逗乐，逗笑（惯用于被动语态）Shewasamusedbyherfathersfunnystories.Hisstoryamusedthechildrenv
46、erymuch.第54页Specialdifficulties过去进行时wasalmostbeginning1过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行动作，常和表示过去时间状语then，atthis（that）time，yesterday，atnine，lastnight等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间状语，这时需要经过上下文来表示。第55页What were you doing at nine last night？昨晚九点时，你在做什么？I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.昨天下午我打电话给你，不过没
47、有些人接电话。I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon.我昨天下午大部分时间，都在一个朋友家里。第56页2 当两个一长一短动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。It was raining hard when I left my office.当我离创办公室时，雨下得正大。When you called，I was eating.你打电话时，我正在吃饭。第57页 When I was cleaning the windows，my brother was sweeping th
48、e floor.（当）我在擦窗户时候，我弟弟在拖地。Some students were playing football，while others were running round the track.一些学生在踢足球，同时别学生正在跑道上跑步。第58页We were walking along the river when（suddenly）It rained.我们沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来。They were watching TV when the lights went out.停电时，他们刚好在看电视。（注意：同上例）第59页3 过去进行时表示过去未来动作 现在进行时能够表示未
49、来动作，一样，过去进行时也能够表示从过去某时间看来将要发生动作。惯用在间接引语中。She went to see Xiao Li.He was leaving early the next morning.她去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。She asked him whether he was coming back to lunch.她问他晚饭是否准备回来吃。第60页I for a driving license for the third time.I to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.重点整理重点整理fo
50、r表目for+次数动名词与现在分词做定语区分：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行动作。a walking stick 拐杖（动名词，a stick for walking）a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词，a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起太阳（现在分词）the changing world 改变中世界（现在分词）lightwas being testedhad been asked第61页 to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.SureSur