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1、 Unit ElevenTelegrams and Telexes第1页I.IntroductionnTelegrams and telexes can send messages and data directly between two parties,and make transaction in international business efficient and convenient.Since time element means a great deal to the buyers and sellers.Telegrams and telexes are used to t
2、ransmit urgent messages of all kinds.Nowadays,with the development of communication,telegrams are rarely used,but the language used is still having effects on business documents.第2页1.TelegramsnOnce,transactionsininternationalbusinessarediscussedindetailthroughairmails.Whentelegramwasintroduced,itqui
3、cklytookoverthejobofairmails.Actually,telegramsarelettersinahighlycompressedform,sotheabbreviationsandthecompoundingareusedtoservethepurpose.Hereisabriefintroductionoftelegrams.第3页1.1Characteristics of Telegramsn(1)Combinations,abbreviationsandtransformationsareoftenusedtoreducewordsinmessageofteleg
4、rams.nCombinations:nASSOONAS:assoonasBANKRATE:bankratenAbbreviationsnA/CaccountACPTacceptnS/CsalesconfirmationTKSthanksnTransformationsnHURRYUPRUSH,EXPEDITEnASSOONASSOONEST第4页1.1Characteristics of Telegramsn(2)Nopunctuationmarksorsymbolsareusedinthemessageoftelegrams,weusuallyusenaturalwordstoreplac
5、eorexplainthem.Forexample:n,COMMAABCABCUNDERLINEDn.STOP&AND第5页1.1Characteristics of Telegramsn(3)Somewords,suchasthefirstpersonalpronouns,theverb“be”,theparticle“to”,thearticles“a”,“an”,“the”,someauxiliaryverbsandmostprepositionsareoftenomitted.n(4)Presentparticiplesandpastparticiplesareusedtoshowth
6、efuturetenseandthefinishedactionsrespectively.Forexample:na.SSEASTWINDSAILINGDIRECTYOURPORTMIDAUGUST(=Thesteamship“Eastwind”willsaildirectlytoyourportinmidAugust.)nb.SHIPPINGSPACEBOOKED(=Wehavebookedtheshippingspace.)第6页1.2 Kinds of Telegramsn“Plainlanguagetelegrams”and“codelanguagetelegrams”arethet
7、womainkindsofthecommercialtelegrams.nThecodelanguagetelegramsarewrittenincommercialcodes,suchasAcmeandBentley,andnowtheyareonlyusedbyafewtraderswhoareaccustomedtouseit.第7页1.2 Kinds of TelegramsnThe plain language telegrams may be classified into three types:ordinary,urgent,and letter telegrams.Howev
8、er,since January 1,1980,letter telegrams have not been accepted in most countries and areas.So,only the ordinary and urgent telegrams are widely used in the world.nAn ordinary telegram can be sent to the receiver within 3-4 hours,while an urgent telegram can reach the destination even quicker with a
9、n even more expensive charge.第8页1.3 Charge of TelegramsnTelegrams are charged by the number of words transmitted,the class of telegrams sent,and the localities destined for.Natural words(e.g.:meeting,conference,invoice),abbreviations(e.g.:ABV,INFO,EXCHR)and compoundings(e.g.:BESTOFFER,CABLEREPLY TWO
10、DOZENOF)are all“words”in telegrams,every ten letters can be counted as a“word”.If the number of letters in a word is more than 10,but less than 20,it must be counted as two“words”in the telegrams,for example,“SEWINGMACHINES”can be counted as two words.第9页1.4 Structure of a TelegramnTheEnglishtelegra
11、msmainlyconsistofthreeparts:n(1)Receivers name and addressna.MAGGIEJONES110EAST25THSTREETNEWYORK,NY,USA.nb.KENSCHEESEHOUSE34CHATLEYAVENUESEATTLE,WA98765(Thetelegramissenttoanorganization,sothetelegraphicaddressorthenameoftheorganizationshouldbeused.)nc.(URGENT)KENSCHEESEHOUSE34CHATLEYAVENUESEATTLE,W
12、A98765(Ifitisanurgenttelegram,theword“URGENT”shouldbeplacedbeforethetelegraphicaddress.)第10页1.4 Structure of a Telegramn(2)Body of the telegramnCHEESEPRICEACCEPTABLEWILLORDERPROVIDEDSHIPMENTENDOFMAYPLSREPLYBYCABLEn(3)Senders name or telegraphic addressnGARMEXCN(上海服装进出口企业，GARMEXisthereceiverstelegrap
13、hicaddress;CNisthenameofthecountrywherereceiverresides)第11页2.TelexesnTelex is the short form of“Teletypewriter”and“Exchange”,compared with telegram,which is more effective and economical.The telex equipment is installed in the subscribers office.Through teleprinter set,messages can be sent to or rec
14、eived from foreign countries.Due to the quick and convenient service,telex has been widely used in the international business in recent years.第12页2.1 Characteristics of Telexesn(1)Telexcanmakethecallingandthecalledpartiespractically“talkonpaper”.Moreover,sincethetelexequipmentworksautomatically,itca
15、nreceivemessageswiththemachineleftunattended,andthemessagesreceivedatnightmaybefirstdealtwiththenextmorning.n(2)Abbreviation,ellipsisandtransformationareusedtosimplifywordsandphrasesinthemessageoftelexes,butcombinationsaregenerallynotused,eachwordisseparatedbyaspace.第13页2.1 Characteristics of Telexe
16、sn(3)In the message of telexes,either punctuation marks(except;)or symbols(except$,%,)or words COMMA,STOP,ETC.can be used,but using punctuation marks is more common.n(4)In the message of telexes,several matters can be stated either one after another preceded by AAA(or 111 or A,or 1),BBB(or 222 or B,
17、or 2)etc.,or passage without any preceding signals.第14页2.2 Kinds of TelexesnTelexescanbedividedintotwokinds,oneiswritteninnaturalwordsasashortletter,andtheotherisratherbriefsomewhatlikeatelegraminsimplifiedwords.第15页2.3 Charge of TelexesnTelex is charged by the time engaged in transmission.The minim
18、um charge for a telex is fixed on the basis of one minute.About 400 letters can be transmitted every minute.第16页2.4 Structure of a TelexnThe structure of a telex is different from that of a telegram;it generally includes the following parts.nTelex No._nUrgent or Top Urgent _nDate _n(To)Receivers Com
19、pany and Country _n(From)Senders Company and Country _nOur Ref.No._nAttention Line(ATIN)_nSubject of the Telex(RE or SUB)_nBody of the Telex _nThe Complimentary Clause _nThe Closing Clauses _nName,Title&Telex No._nTime _第17页II.Procedure of Drafting a TelegramnWhendraftingtelegrams,wehavetobearinmind
20、thethreeCs,i.e.clearness,concisenessandcourtesy.Neverusetwowordsifonewordwilldo.Atelegramshouldalwaysbeconcise.Ofcourse,weshouldneveromitawordattheexpenseofclearness.Clearnessshouldalwaysbeputinthefirstplace.Whennecessary,theword“please”maybeadded.Alwaysbepolite,atelegrammustnotsoundlikeanorderoraco
21、mmand.Thiswouldoffendyourcustomers.Therefore,specialcaremustbetakentoseethatthewordsusedarecorrectandwillnotcauseanymisunderstandingtotherecipient.nTheprocedurerecommendedforbeginnerstofollowindraftingtelegramsconsistsoffourstepsasoutlinedbelow:第18页II.Procedure of Drafting a Telegramn1.Makeaconcised
22、raftofwhatyouwanttosayinatelegram.Inordertosaveexpenses,weshouldreducethenumberofwordsinatelegramtotheminimumnecessaryfortransmittingthemostessentialpartofthemessage,leavingthelessurgentparticulars,explanations,etc.toasupplementaryletter,ifnecessary.n2.Adjustthewordingofyourmessageandcrossouttheword
23、sthattheaddresseecaneasilysupplyfromthecontext.第19页II.Procedure of Drafting a Telegramn3.Substitute as far as you can short words,compounds and abbreviations for longer words and phrases.n4.Combine the words,abbreviations,etc.in your final draft into groups consisting of not more than 10 letters or
24、10 characters comprising letters,figures and signs.第20页III.Specimens of TelegramsnInquirynINTERESTEDMTEACHREDBEANSGREENBEANS19CROPINBULKANDGUNNYBAGSSTATINGINDETAILDESCRIPTNORIGINnOffernSEWMACHINEBUTTERFLYNOSUPPLYOFFERINGINSTEAD200SETSSTANDARDBRANDUSD20CIFSINGAPOREJUNESHIPMTCABLEREPLYnNoGoodsAvailabl
25、enYLJULY5NORTHCHINASHEEPSKINSUNAVAILABLEREVERTINGnCounterOffernYLJULY16PRICEHIGHPLSREDUCEBYTWOPCT第21页III.Specimens of TelegramsnConfirmationnYC16AUGWWRITGPAPER10MTOCTSHIPMTCONFIRMEDPLSRUSHL/CnPressingforL/CnORDER589GOODSREADYPLSRUSHLCnAskingforL/CAmendmentnLC1859PLSAMENDALLOWINGTRANSHIPMTnAboutShipm
26、entnLC103SHIPPEDSSDATONGSAILING20INSTPLSINSUREnShippingAdvicenSC9988FOREVERBIKESSHIPD15MAYSSVICTORYETAENDMAYnClaimnORDER13BRASSBEDSARRIVEDDULLFINISHUSELESSPLSREPLACE第22页IV.How to Compose TelexnTeletypewritersprintincapitallettersonly.Theycannotunderscoreanywords,andthekeyboarddoesnotcontaincertainsi
27、gnssuchasdollarsandampersand.Whendraftingtelexmessages,weshouldbeartheaboveinmind.nAsweknow,telexcallsarechargedonatimebasis.Tominimizethecostoftelextransmission,therefore,weshouldlearntomakethemessageasbrieforconciseaspossible,usingshortwordsthatrequirelesstimeintransmitting.nTosumup,thefollowingar
28、ethetechniquesrecommendedforbeginnerstofollowincomposingcommercialtelexes:第23页IV.How to Compose TelexnOmitunnecessaryarticles,pronouns,auxiliaryverbs,linkingverbs,conjunctions,prepositions,punctuationmarks,etc.nUseprefixesandsuffixessuchasun-,in-,de-,dis-,non-,mis-,under-,counter-,over-,-ing,-ed,-ab
29、le,-y,-al,-ible,-ment,-tion,-sion,-ful,etc.tomakethemessagebrief.nShortenthemessagebystructuraldevices.第24页IV.How to Compose Telexna.Substitutephraseswithsinglewords,e.g.nIF=intheeventofnb.Substituteclausesbyparticiples,e.g.nONECLNTENQRREQSTGGNRLINFRMTNRESEWMACHINEn(Oneofourclientssentusanenquiryinw
30、hichherequestedgeneralinformationregardingoursewingmachines.)nc.Deleteunnecessarywordsandrewritethemessage,e.g.nWLCNCLCONTRACTUNLESSRPLRCVDENDJUN.n(WeareafraidthatthecontractwillhavetobecancelledifyourreplydoesnotreachusbytheendofJune.)nd.Usedifferentformsoftheverbtoconveythemeaningofcertainactions.
31、第25页V.Specimens of TelexesnPLSADVCOSTSNBUILDGTERMIFVPLACEODRFORELECTRICTYPEWRITERYREND.nWUDITBEPOSSIBLPRCHSESTEELPLATENIFSOWHENCLDDLVRYBEEXPECTDALSODESIREKNOWVALUEOFPRCHSEPRICE.nVQTESUBJCFMNONSHARPAIRCONDITIONERTIROLAH22-BIFATL350/UNITCIFLDNSHPTW/I5WKSAFTREPTODRLC.nABVOFRVALDTWOWKSENDGJUN45PMBUTANYI
32、MPTARIFFCHANGEYRRISKNA/C.第26页V.Specimens of TelexesnREYRMDL45PLSDISCNT30PCTASSIMLRPRODTSSOLDHEREABT15DLRSLOWERTHANYRSCANSELLOVER200PERMONTHIFABVDISCNTGIVEN.nYTDF-1005FEB/5UNIVERSEXYRBID10PCTCUTONOUROFRTOUSD5000/UNITCIFSFISINTERABLETOUSBCAUSOURSISBESTPSBLPRICEBUTINVIEWNEEDTODVLPOURMKTINYRTOWNNJPNSDUL
33、LEXPTRADEACPTGYRBIDTHISONCEHOPEEARCONCLSNOFCONTRPLSOON.nTKSYTJUN30ACPTDOUROFRUNDER5PCTCUTTERMSXUPONSTUDYAGRDTOYRBIDNIMDTLYPREPAREDSALESNOTEWHICHVMAILDTODAYPLSFINDITINODRRPLSOON.第27页V.Specimens of TelexesnYRMAY6ODR100B/SSILKPRODTSHASBEENLOADDONSSCHIMINGETDQINGDAOJUN10HOPETHEYWLBFOUNDINODRUPONARVLXCYI
34、NYB/LINSPOLICYTOBEMAILDLATERWITHCFMNLTRTKS.nTKSYTNOV20COLORTVSUNRISE18MODELA-3XYRBIDUSD800/UNITCIFSFACDGMKRAPERILOUSPRICERISKGLOSSUNDERPRESENTHIGHYENEXCHRATEUSD180SOSUGSTINCROFYRODRFM30TO40XIFUAGRREADYYRBIDRPLSOON.nRGRTSHPTYRODR30STEROSETSPROJECT770HASBEENPUTOFFTOMAYVFOUNDNOAPRVSLAVLBLFORNYNHADNOCHO
35、ICEBUTHOLDGOODSINJPNFORONEMONTHDEEPLYAPOLOGZSUCHDELAYWHICHPLSACK.第28页VI.Exercisesn1.TranslatethefollowingtelegramintoChinese:1.YC25KRAFTPAPER10M/TSHPMTAUGACCEPTEDOTHERITEMSWORKING2.YC18BICYCLECONFIRMEDSEWMACHINEREVERTING3.PLSCABLESEWMACHINELICENCEPOSITIONAWAITGLC4.LC1414SHIPPEDS/SREDSEAETAENDOCTPLSI
36、NSUREWRITING5.LC1218PLSAMENDPAIRTOPEADDZPAIR第29页VI.Exercisesn2.Transcribethefollowingintotelexmessages,usingasmanyabbreviationsasyoucan:1.Weareinterestedinpurchasing175ForeverBrandBicycles,TypeUL18.Wewishtohaveaquotation,withdiscount,costplusfreightandinsurancetoGenoa.Pleaseinformusofdeliverydateand
37、paymentterms.2.GoodsunderyourOrderNo.736arereadyfordispatch.Unfortunatelywehavenotyetreceivedyourpackinginstructions.Pleaseinformusofyourshippingmarksandpackingrequirementsindetailbytelex.3.WeneedreplacementsforthegoodsinCaseNo.17underOrderNo.185whichwereshippedpers.s.Mersey.Thegoodsarebadlydamaged,
38、butwedontknowthecauseyet.Weshallletyouknowassoonaswehavethesurveyorsreport.第30页Supplementary material:Fax and E-mailnI.IntroductionnFaxesandE-mailsarecontributingalottotheinternationalbusiness.Asbuyersandsellersareresidingindifferentcountriesandseparatedbythousandsofmiles,convenient,quickandeconomic
39、alelementsallshouldbetakenintoconsiderationininternationaltrade,andfaxesandE-mailscanjustmeettheseneeds.第31页1.FaxesnA fax(short for facsimile and sometimes called telecopying)is a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line.It is the transmission of scanned-in printed mat
40、erial(text or images),usually to a telephone number associated with a printer or other output device.A fax machine consists of an optical scanner for digitizing images on paper,a printer for printing incoming fax messages,and a telephone for making the connection.第32页1.1 Characteristics of Faxesn(1)
41、Thefaxisadigitalform,andtheinformationistransmittedaselectricalsignalsthroughthetelephonesystem.Thereceivingfaxmachinereconvertsthecodedimageandprintsapapercopyofthedocument.n(2)Faxmachinesareconvenientandsimpletouse,allyouneedtooperateisatelephone.Whenyouaresendingamessage,youjustneeddialthetelepho
42、nenumberatthereceivingterminalandpushthetransmitbutton.第33页1.1 Characteristics of Faxesn(3)Faxmachineshavenokeyboard,soyoushouldpreparethemessageonatypewriter,computer,orwordprocessorandaddanygraphicsbeforeputtingthefinisheddocumentonthefaxmachine.n(4)Faxcanbecommunicatedasfastasinternationalphoneca
43、llandtelex.Itisa24-hourserviceandthemessagecanbereceivedunattended.n(5)Comparedwiththetelegramandtelex,thelanguageinafaxisjustthesameasaletter,itdoesnotneedtouseabbreviations.第34页1.2 Charge of FaxesnSincethefaxhasitsownscannerandprinter,anditisoperatedbyatelephone.Thechargeisdependedonthetimeamessag
44、eisprinted.Thetransmissionofonepageischeaperthantelex.第35页1.3 Layout of a FaxnAfaxconsistsoftwoparts:faxheadingandfaxbody.Thebodyofafaxmayfollowthelayoutofaformalbusinessletter,itendswiththesignatureofthesender,butunlikealetter,thesalutationandcomplimentaryclosearenormallyomitted.Faxheadingusuallyin
45、cludesthefollowingparts:nRecipientsname/titlenCompanynameofrecipientnSendersname/titlenDateofsendingnFaxnumbernSubjectlinenNumberofpages第36页2.E-mailsnE-mailstandsfor“electronicmail”;itisamethodofcomposing,sending,storing,andreceivingmessagesoverelectroniccommunicationsystems.WiththewideuseoftheInter
46、netandthedevelopmentoftheelectronicbusiness,mostpeopleliketodobusinessonthenetande-mailiswidelyusedinmodernbusinesscircles.第37页2.1.Characteristics of E-mailsn(1)E-mailisthemosteffectivemeansoftransmittingmessagesthroughthecomputernetwork,anditmakesyougetthemessageinafewsecondsandreplyatonceasifyouar
47、ehavingaconversationonthephone.n(2)Ifyouwanttousethee-mail,youmusthaveane-mailaddress.Thisaddressmusthavelettersanddotsanda“”(meaning“at”).Thisiswhatanaddresslookslike:.Youcanwriteamessage,typeinthereceiverse-mailaddress,andthensendthemessageacrosstheInternet.Peopledontneedtousestamps,envelopesorgot
48、othepostofficesincetheinventionoftheInternet.第38页2.1.Characteristics of E-mailsn(3)E-mailmessagescanbestoredinthecomputersystem,iftheusersdonotcancelthem.n(4)Ane-mailistobebrief,clearandtothepointanditshouldfitintoonescreen.Ifyouwanttosendlongorcomplexdocuments,youshouldattachthemtothemessage.n(5)An
49、e-mailismuchlessformalthanawrittenletter.Emailsareusuallyshortandconcise,abbreviatedverbforms(Hes,Were,Hed,etc.)canbeusedhere.Asimple“Hello”isadequateifyouarewritingtosomeoneyoudontknow.Whenwritingtosomeoneyouknowwell,feelfreetowriteasifyouarespeakingtotheperson.第39页2.2.Charge of an E-mailnE-mailism
50、uchquickerandcheaperthansendinganordinaryletter.Thereceiveronlyneedacomputerequipmenttoacceptonesmessage,oncetheequipmentisinplace,thereareusuallysavingsincopying,long-distantdelivery,andothertraditionalcosts.第40页2.3.Layout of an E-mailnE-mailmessagesdonothaveanall-agreed-uponformatyet;mostE-mailmes