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1、2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能1.04 源语篇人物角色分析框架及刻画拓展知识回顾1环境、情节、人物是英语读后续写叙事的三要素，而人物是三要素的核心，它贯穿于整篇故事中，连接着环境与情节，使得整篇故事的层次结构更为丰富、立体。正是因为故事中人物形象的丰富多样，故事的故事情节才跌宕 起伏、曲折离奇。学生在阅读、学习小说的过程中，可以深刻感悟到作者在情节架构、环境营造、人物刻画、叙事表达等方面的技巧，这些感悟非常有利于提高学生的写作能力。一方面，故事中情节的架构、叙事表达上的技巧能够帮助学生掌握叙事类作文的写作技巧。另一方面，作者在刻画人物时用到的动作、语言、心理描写等可以被学生借鉴、运用。另
2、外，故事中的其他写作技巧，如悬念的设置、伏笔的埋设、细节的刻画等都非常值得学生学习，并让学生运用于日常写作中。青少年学生的人格还未完全定型，他们对世界的认知很容易受到外部环境的影响，稍有不慎，就有可能被眼花缭乱的信息所迷惑，造成思想上、道德上的滑坡。因此，在学生身心发展的关键时期，教师可借助学科教学对学生开展适当的教育，引导学生形成正确的人格。而读后续写的故事在引导学生形成正确情感态度与价值观上具有明显优势，每一篇优秀的故事都是作者思想的浓缩，蕴含着作者本人积极、向上的世界观、人生观以及价值观。学习并分析优秀的故事作品，可以让学生的情感态度与价值观在潜移默化中受到积极影响，形成正确人格。故事类
3、语篇塑造人物的方法故事类语篇塑造人物的方法、方式有如下几种：肖像描写，心理描写，行动描写，语言描写，细节描写、正面描写(直接描写)和侧面描写(间接描写)。(1)肖像描写。对人物形象的外部特征进行描绘的手法，具体的包括容貌、身材、表情、衣着、姿态等描写。它对于人物性格和人物形象的完整体现，有着重要的烘托作用。因为人物的外部特征总是同人物内在的心理活动、精神状态相联系的。(2)动作描写。对人物在典型环境中的行为动作进行描写的手法。典型的动作描写，不仅要写出人物在特定情势下的行动，还要写出人物以何种独特的方式完成这个动作，通过对人物动作的描写可以透露出人物内在的心灵世界。(3)语言描写。具体包括对话
4、、独白、旁白以及对语气情态的描写。对人物语言的描写要注意人物语言的个性化，要与人物的身份经历、文化修养、习惯爱好、心理状态以及所处的特定场合吻合。(4)心理描写。对人物在一定情景中的想法、感触、情绪意识等进行的具体刻画。可以直接揭示人物的内心世界，交代人物的思想基础和行动的内在依据。有时可直接由作者进行描绘，或由人物的独白、梦幻来进行披露，有时可以间接地通过景物及人物肖像、动作、语言、所处环境及遭遇等来进行折射。(5)细节描写。细节描写指对生活中那些细致而又特别富有表现力的典型环节所作的特写式描写。它是叙事性文章的最小的描写单位。它把事物细微本质的情状特点，鲜明逼真地呈现出来。细节描写在文章描
5、写中的地位看似闲笔或赘笔，信手拈来，无关紧要，可有可无；但都是作者精心的设置和安排，不能随意取代。一篇文章，恰到好处地运用细节描写，能起到烘托环境气氛、刻画人物性格和揭示主题思想的作用。(6)白描和工笔。白描指使用最简洁的笔墨，不加烘托地勾勒出生动、传神的形象。工笔指用细腻入微、工整细密的笔触，对人物和环境进行精雕细琢的描写方法。表达的文字细腻、色彩浓郁，往往借助对比、比喻、比拟、夸张等修辞手法，把客观事物复杂斑斓的状貌，具体而细致地表现出来。在故事类语篇中常用来写景和展示人物心理。(7)正面描写和侧面描写。正面描写，即直接描写，是对所描写的人物、事件等作正面、直接的刻画，不借助于人和媒介物的
6、烘托。侧面描写，即间接描写，是对所描写的对象不作直接的刻画，而是借助于对媒介物的描写，来烘托所要描写的人或物。这种笔法比较含蓄、委婉，给读者留下较大的自由想象空间，增加描写对象的主题内涵和艺术感染力。(8)环境描写。环境是小说“三要素”之一，环境描写自然是小说重要的描写手法。“辨析环境描写”已经涉及，不再赘述。方法策略2故事类语篇人物形象的分析方法1.在情节发展中分析人物形象情节是小说中用以表现主题或人物性格的一系列有组织的生活事件。我们需要从情节的发展中把握人物形象，因为情节是人物性格形成和发展的历史，在事件发展的过程中，才能显现出人物灵魂深处的东西来，离开了情节，就不知道人物怎样做事，也就
7、无法分析人物性格特征。要了解人物性格，必须透过情节中发生的事情这种外在现象去剖析现象背后的本质。故事情节或是发展了人物性格，或是表现了人物性格。所以，分析小说的情节也是我们分析人物的一把钥匙。2.从塑造人物的方法中分析小说的核心任务就是通过刻画人物、塑造典型人物形象来揭示社会生活的某些本质方面，从而表现作品的主题的。所以，要评价小说中的人物形象，就要认真分析作者对人物的描写肖像描写、语言描写、行动描写、心理描写、细节描写等等，从而评价人物的性格特征，进而发掘出各色人物善恶美丑的精神世界。辨析人物描写的方法，除了肖像（外貌、神态、服饰）描写，动作细节描写、语言描写、心理描写等直接描写外，还要注意
8、其它人或景的烘托。3.借助环境描写分析人物形象环境是为人物而设置的，小说中的人物是生活在特定的历史背景和特定的生活环境之中的，人物的思想感情总要打上时代的烙印，留下环境的痕迹。环境对人物性格的体现起着强化作用。作者为了表现人物丰富复杂的性格，往往为人物设置各种不同的环境，用以“刺激”人物，以记录其种种行为，从而显露出性格。4.借助作者倾向分析人物形象主题是小说作家在描写、叙述人物性格、人物命运时显示出的对生活的理解和认识。我们要在阅读中认识和评价人物的性格、品质、典型性和社会意义，体会作者的感情倾向。英语读后续写中刻画人物形象的方法1.利用情绪描写，凸显人物性格情绪描写是指对于人物在特定场景中
9、的主观心理状态和变化的描写，而由于某种特定事件而引发的情绪一定会伴随外部特征的表现，例如面部表情、眼神、肢体动作等，因此高中英语教师在训练学生进行情绪描写时可以先激发学生的想象力，想象不同的情绪特征会有怎样的外部表现 。例如人在内心不安和焦急的时候可能会来回踱步、眉头紧皱；人在愤怒的时候可能会满脸通红、拳头紧握；人在悲痛的时候可能会两手抱头、沉默不语例如，2021年新高考I卷读后续写题目的写作为例，试卷给出的短文描写了一对双胞胎决定在母亲节这一天为母亲悄悄做一顿早饭，给母亲一个惊喜，然而在做饭的过程中遇到了种种困难的小故事。我们在仔细阅读原文以后，发现了一些关键信息：惊喜；做饭；困难。阅读题目
10、给出的两个自然段的段首句后，我们基本可以确定故事情节的大致走向：父亲出现帮助双胞胎完成了这顿早饭，母亲收到了这份生日惊喜非常感动。通过思考和分析，大部分学生都认为这个故事的情节比较简单，故事线也比较明显，人物也是日常生活中常见的人物 。为了将普通的父亲和母亲的人物形象刻画得更加入木三分，我们可以进行换位思考：If you were a father who were woken up by a noise when he was sleeping in the morning, and came to the kitchen, you found that two children had m
11、ade a mess of the kitchen, what would you feel? 我们马上想到这位父亲这时候应该是非常生气的，脸上会带着愤怒的表情气冲冲地来到厨房 。因此我们可以说：Judging from his expression, he was very angry when he saw the mess in the kitchen. 我们在用英语进行人物的情绪描写时，常出现用词和表达生硬，缺乏感受力和生命力等问题，无法将人物性格表现得丰满形象，因此我们可以通过身体各个部位的表现来侧面衬托人物情绪，运用比喻、 夸张等修辞手段提升语言的感染力和表现力，使人物形象跃然纸上
12、，给人以难以磨灭的印象。2.细化动作描写，刻画思想品质人的动作受其思想和性格的影响。在记叙文中作者通过对人物的动作进行具体而细致的描写，能从侧 面衬托人物的思想品质和性格特征，表现人物的心理活动，推动故事情节的发展。成功的动作描写能够使 读者感受到人物的栩栩如生，充分展示人物的内心世 界，将人物形象树立得更加鲜明、完整和立体。例如，2021年新高考I卷读后续写的第一自然段父亲出场以后，为了推动故事情节的发展，这里要对父亲的一系列动作 进行描写，比如父亲拍了拍双胞胎的肩膀鼓励他们，父亲决定要帮他们做饭等。我们可以这样描述父亲的动作：The father learned about the twi
13、ns plan. He patted them on the shoulder and said that he would help them finish the surprise breakfast.我们还可以用非谓语动词将两句话合并，并在动词前添加副词使表述更加生动：After learning about the twins plan, the father happily patted them on the shoulders and promised that 与静态的肖像描写相比，动作描写贵在能够将人物的动态特征确切生动地表现出来。在进行动作描写时，学生通常出现动词和句式重复
14、使用的现象，在表述上也经常出现句式杂糅和表述不清的错误。教师在训练学生进行读后续写活动时，应引导学生学会将人物的一系列动作进行分解，然后通过谓语动词和非谓语动词将几个动作串联在句子中，使表述重点突出，语法正确，句意明确 。除此之外，为了使表述更加简单明了，学生在写作时应尽量使用一些语义明确的特殊动词避免使用语义不明确的普通动词，例如尽量选用 whisper/state/shout/promise 等有具体含义的“说”来代替无具体含义的“say”。3.强化心理描写，展现内心独白心理描写是对人物内心心理活动的描写，能够实时展现文章中人物对于特殊事物的内心感受和真实想法，有直接描写和间接描写之分 。
15、直接描写主要是通过内心独白的方式来直接展现人物的想法，而间接描写是结合环境描写、动作描写等方式侧面表现人物的内心活动。在用英语进行人物活动刻画时，应该注重表现方式的多样化，避免重复使用“feel/think/sense”等词汇，以免给人以语言刻板、僵硬的印象 。以2021年新高考I卷读后续写题目为例，试卷提供的原文中有一个细节可以利用到我们的续写中，那就是Jeff的手在做饭的时候受伤了 。母亲在看到Jeff的手以后，一定会明白自己儿子手受伤的原因，内心一定是万分感动和心疼的。这时候可以运用一些细致的心理描写来展现母亲的内心世界。例如 A warm current surged in her h
16、eart, and her eyes were moistened by the pain as if being pricked by a needle. 除此之外还可以运用环境描写来侧面烘托人物的内心感受，将人的五官感受与周围的环境相关联，通过联想使人物与环境融合为一体 。例如，在母亲的卧室中充满着食物的香气，这仿佛使卧室中也变得更加充满魅力，更加可爱动人了与动作描写、语言描写、肖像描写这种看得见听 得着的表现方式不同，心理描写能够展现人物内心复 杂的心理活动，揭示人物灵魂深处的世界，使人物形 象更加立体、直观。4.升华语言描写，抒发情感态度在读后续写中，对人物语言的描写是抒发人物情感态度
17、，反映人物内心世界的重要手段 。在记叙文中缺乏了语言描写就缺少了身临其境的参与感，缺少了说服力和表现力。对人物的语言描写要做到生动简洁，符合人物身份特征，体现人物性格特点，避免出现 学生腔 。在用英语进行语言描写时首先要注意标点 符号和字母大小写的规范性，其次要简短有力，不要 长篇大论地引用，一般来说一篇文章中语言的描写控 制在三句话以内。为了使语言描写给文章增光添彩，我们要学会将语言描写运用到文章的关键位置，使语言描写对于推动剧情发展和展现人物性格发挥最大作用 。以 2021年新高考I卷读后续写题目为例， 在第二段续写中为了推动剧情发展，可以使用简洁的 语言描写来完成从厨房到母亲卧室的场景切
18、换，使剧情发展和故事讲述更加自然，段与段之间衔接得更加 紧密。例如“Happy Mothers Day!”They couldnt hide their excitement and shouted in unison.为了进一步 展现母子之间的温情脉脉，在文章收尾的部分我们也 可以用语言描写的形式展现母亲收到这份惊喜以后的感动和欣慰。总之，读后续写对学生的思维能力和创造能力要 求较高 。培养学生在读后续写中写出个性化的故事 情节和立体化的人物形象不是一蹴而就的，需要教师 在平时的阅读课中不断分析和渗透写作技巧，在写作 课中开展精细化的引导和个性化的评价反馈，鼓励学 生热爱写作、勤于写作，不断
19、创作出具有独特鲜活个 性的人物形象。实践强化3续写语篇中人物刻画的策略分析框架导引刻画层面源语篇典型例句续写中可能用的的句子肖像描写动作描写语言描写心理描写细节描写环境描写1（2022重庆市涪陵高级中学校模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。That night, after a couple of restless hours, Dora woke up suddenly at midnight. She went to her bathroom. Stepping on the carpet she noticed it was damp. L
20、ooking out, she found that muddy water was inching up the wood-paneled walls! She ran to her fathers bedside. “Daddy, Daddy,” she cried, shaking him violently. “Wake up. Theres water in the house!”Barefoot and wearing only shorts, Dykstra walked to the entrance and opened the door. What he saw shook
21、 him wide-awake. Duchess, their dog, was standing just outside the door, her feet in six inches of water. That meant the roadway, their only means of escape, was flooded. He hid his anxiety. They climbed up the ladder-like stairs to a loft (阁楼) above the living room. From there they could hear the w
22、ater filling the room below, creeping (缓慢地行进) toward them. Suddenly the whole house trembled as if struck by an earthquake. The next instant they found themselves floating, and the wooden house being swept along the river! Terrified that the cabin would sink and take them down with it, Dykstra decid
23、ed that they would have to get out. Wrapping his arms tightly round his daughter, he plunged (猛冲) into the icy water.The house was behind them now, chasing them through the darkness. Before he could get out of its path, the house pushed by the tremendous (巨大的) power of the water pinned him at the tr
24、unk. His ribs (肋骨) were crushed. His left leg was broken. He lost consciousness. Then the house shifted, releasing him. Dora found herself drifting downstream, her unconscious father beside her. “Dont die, Daddy!” she cried. “Please!”Perhaps it was the cry of the little girl that stirred Dykstra to
25、consciousness. In the pale moonlight, Dykstra spotted an island formed by some rubbish that had got caught in some treetops. Fighting against the current and his pain, he swam toward it. Dora climbed onto the small pile of timbers (木材) and pulled her father, who was fighting for breath, from the rus
26、hing water onto the timbers. Now, Dora realized, it was up to her to help him.注意：1. 续写词数应为150词左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Just then she was astonished to see a figure appear out of nowhere. _Suddenly a voice from somewhere on the distant hillside broke the darkness. _【参考范文】Just then she was astonished t
27、o see a figure appear out of nowhere.He was Doras uncle who was a big man with bright eyes.Seeing that Dora and her father were in critical condition, he quickly extended a helping hand.“Come on Dora，we should act positively”said the uncle.He helped Dora move her father to a high place. At the momen
28、t, Doras father was dying. The man immediately took first-aid measures such as artificial respiration, and then helped his fathers injured leg with a simple bandage.The question now is how to send Doras father to the hospital for further treatment as soon as possible?Suddenly a voice from somewhere
29、on the distant hillside broke the darkness.“Hold on, were coming to save you” someone shouted in the distance. It turned out that the rescue team called by Doras uncle was coming towards them. As night fell, the weather gradually became cooler, and the three of them shivered in the cold wind. “We ar
30、e finally going to be saved.”Dora thought. When the rescue team came, they transported them to the safe place and sent Doras father to the hospital in time.Dora was grateful.“What an unforgettable day! Thanks to my uncle and the rescue team, we were saved.” Said Dora. 【写作分析】本文以人物遇险为线索展开，讲述了朵拉和她的父亲遇到
31、了暴风雨，且父亲受伤严重，并被困水中，危急时刻朵拉的叔叔及时出手相助，最后救援队也及时赶到，最后朵拉和父亲全部获救的故事。1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“就在这时，她惊讶地看到一个身影不知从哪里冒了出来。”可知，第一段可描写这个人的身份特征，和朵拉与他一起救父亲的过程。由第二段首句内容“突然，远处山坡上传来一个声音，打破了黑暗。”可知，第二段可描写这个声音的来源，以及他们最后被救援队营救的情况。2.续写线索：遇险叔叔出现急救救援队出现得救感悟3.词汇激活行为类突然出现：appear out of nowhere/appear suddenly伸出援助之手：extend a helping ha
32、nd/lend a helping hand转移：move/shift情绪类惊讶的：astonished/suprised感谢：be grateful/show her gratitude【典型句式】【句型1】He was Doras uncle who was a big man with bright eyes.(运用了who引导的定语从句)【句型2】Seeing that Dora and her father were in critical condition, he quickly extended a helping hand.(运用了现在分词作伴随状语)2（2022山东日照二模
33、）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。One day，when I was a freshman in high schoo1. I saw a kid from my class walking home from schoo1. His name was Kyle. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I thought to myself，“Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday? He must be silly. ”I
34、 had quite a weekend planned，so I shook my head and went on. As I was walking,I saw a group of kids running toward him. They ran at him，knocking all his books out of his arms and he landed in the dirt. His glasses went flying. He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. My heart went o
35、ut to him. So. I ran to him. As he was looking for his glasses，I saw tears in his eyes. I handed him his glasses. He looked at me and said，“Thanks!”There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles that showed real gratefulness. I helped him pick up his books，and asked him where he lived
36、. It turned out he lived near me，so I asked him why I had never seen him before. He said he had gone to private school before coming to this schoo1. We talked all the way home. and I carried his books. He turned out to be a pretty cool kid. I asked him if he wanted to play football on Saturday with
37、me and my friends. He said yes. The more I got to know Kyle，the more I liked him. Monday morning came，and Kyle carried all his books again. I stopped him and helped him carry half the books. Over the next four years，Kyle and I became best friends. When we were seniors，Kyle was the best student in ou
38、r class. He was chosen to give a speech at the coming graduation ceremony. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。When graduation day arrived，I saw Kyle and found he was a little nervous. _Kyle said he had planned to quit school that day before he saw me. _【参考范文】When graduation day arrived, I saw Ky
39、le and found he was a little nervous. I went over to hug him and said, “Hey, big guy, youll be great!” He smiled and thanked me. Then he took his place and started his speech, in which he thanked his parents, teachers, his classmates. especially his friends who helped him go through those tough year
40、s. “A good friend can make a difference to you,” he added. To my surprise, he told the story of the first day we met. Kyle said he had planned to quit school that day before he saw me. He thought he performed poorly in school and let his parents down. For a long time he had been suffering depression
41、. He ended up considering leaving school. That was why I saw him carrying his stuff home that day. “Thankfully, my friend offered me a hand and that changed my mind.” Hearing his words, I felt warmth fill me. Only then did I realize with one small action you can make a difference and change a person
42、s life.【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者偶遇一位同班同学受欺负，主动伸出援手并与他最终成为好友的故事。后来好朋友坦白，是我不经意的帮助给了他希望。改变了他的人生。1段落续写由第一段首句内容“当毕业到来那天，我见到了Kyle，发现他有一点紧张”可知，第一段描写Kyle因为要发表毕业演讲而紧张，演讲中他特别提到了我们第一次相遇的场景，并感谢我对他的帮助。由第二段首句内容“Kyle说，那天遇到我之前，他已经打算辍学了”可知，这一段描述Kyle遇到我之前，遇到的烦恼以及遇到我之后心态发生变化的过程，最终重拾信心燃起希望。2. 续写线索：遇见Kyle上台前紧张鼓励Kyle演讲中感谢我回
43、忆，感悟3. 词汇激活行为类：拥抱：hugembrace感到沮丧：suffer depressionfeel depressed产生影响：make a differencehave important influence on 提供帮助：offer sn. a hand do sb. a favor情绪类惊喜：surpriseddelighted充满感激地：thankfullygratefully【典型句式】【句型1】Then he took his place and started his speech, in which he thanked his parents, teachers,
44、 his classmates. especially his friends who helped him go through those tough years.(运用了“介词+关系代词”和who引导限制性定语从句)【句型2】That was why I saw him carrying his stuff home that day.(运用了why引导表语从句)3（2022福建泉州模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。One windy day in March, Kitty Miller was on her way to school when she glanced into a store window and saw a great pile of lovely red apples. “Oh,” She exclaimed (惊呼). “How lovely! If only Mamma could have one!” Immediately, the store owner recognized the familiar girl and asked her to