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1、2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能2.06 用明喻修辞格增添描述力度知识回顾1英语的明喻是英语中最常用、最简便的修辞格之一，在文学作品中尤其如此。它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like, as, as.as, as if, as though, seem等)的连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物，指出两个不同事物的相似之处。Rhetoric In Practice (英文实用修辞学)一书这样来解释明喻：“A simile is an expressed 1ikeness.The simplest and most direct way of connotin
2、g an idea with something else is by means of using similesSimile is the neuter singular of the Latin adjective similis meaning like.”Simile(明喻)运用广泛，可借以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，明白易懂，新鲜有趣。明喻的基本格式是：”本体+比喻词+喻 体”。 例如：“The USA is like a big melting pot where immigrants of different cultures or races form an in
3、tegrated society. ”其 中，The USA 是本体，喻体是 melting pot， 比喻词是 like, 喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。但是，本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物(如属同类也应具不同性质或特征)，比喻方可成立。例如： Peter is as tall as his father. Peter is as tall as a Maypole.上述例句中，例不算明喻，只是一个比较句，因为Peter及其father同属人类；而例才是比喻句，因为Peter与Maypole分属人与物。方法策略2一、用明喻升级句法表达的方法1.用介词as，like，of等。 (1
4、)As例如： Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存 Overhead the hollow stretch of whitish cloud shutting out the sky was as a tent which had the who1e earth as its floor。头顶上方，夺据了天际上无尽空荡的白云，宛如高悬的帐篷一般，把整个荒原做了它的地面。 Out of the sleeves came strong bony wrists and ha
5、nds gnarled knotted and hard as peach branches. 从袖子里伸出一双瘦骨嶙峋的大手，像桃树枝一样，瘤节盘错，坚硬粗壮。 I wandered lonely as a cloud. 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas.他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose.他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 I passed and repassed the house, and stopped and listened at the door; all wa
6、s dark and silent as the grave. 我在那房子前面走了几趟，并在门口停下来听了听；一片漆黑，沉寂得像座坟墓。 英语里有不少含有明喻的成语，其结构为“as+形容词+as+名词”。例如： as firm as a rock 坚如磐石 as light as a feather 轻如鸿毛 as close as an oyster 守口如瓶 as mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉 as strong as horse 强壮如牛 as cool as a cucumber 泰然自若 as sober as a judge 十分清醒as sure as a gun 千真
7、万确（2）Like例如：Paris is a morgue without you; before I knew you, it was Paris, and I thought it heavens; but now it is a vast desert of desolation and loneliness. It is like the face of a clock, bereft of its hands. 没有你，巴黎成了一座陈尸所；我认识你之前，巴黎就是巴黎。我把它看成天堂；然而现在它变成了一片荒凉而寂寞的沙漠。它像一个没有时针、分针和秒针的钟面。All that I had
8、 to show, as a man of letters, were these few tales and essays, which had blossomed out like flowers in the calm summer of my heart and mind. 作为一个作家，我所能贡献出来的只有这么几篇故事和散文，它们像我心头温和的夏天灿烂开放的花朵。 He works 1ike a horsebeaverTrojanblack. 他辛辛苦苦地干活。 They spent money like water. 他们挥金如土。He talks like a book.他老是文
9、绉绉地说话。 He eats like a horse.他吃得很多。 He smokes 1ike a chimney. 他抽烟很厉害。 Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。 He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen from him to crow. 他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡，以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫。 Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day. 被打破的记录有如刮风天成熟的苹果
10、纷纷坠落。（3）Of 例如：He has a heart of stone.他有一副铁石心肠。 He has the heart of a1ion, but he does everything in a down-to-earth way. 他有狮子般的勇气，他办事十分认真。 He is sometimes bad-tempered but really hes got a heart of gold.有时候他似乎脾气不好，但他的心眼可好了。2.用连词as (犹如)，what (犹如)，as if, as though, than, and, the way 等。例如： His heart
11、shivered as a ship shivers at the mountainous crash of the waters. 他的心颤动，好像一艘船在海浪搏击中震荡一样。 Air is to man as water is to fish.人离不开空气，犹如鱼离不开水。 Men fear death, as children fear to go in the dark: and as that natural fear in children is increased with tales, so is the other. 犹如儿童恐惧黑暗，人对于死亡的恐惧，也由于听信太多的鬼怪传
12、说而增大。 Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样重要。 Parks are to the city what lungs are to the body.公园对于都市正如肺对于人的身体一样重要。Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.明智表扬对于孩子的作用就像阳光对于花朵的作用。 I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet.我感到好像大地在脚下滑动。 A
13、 crowd of people were around him, touching his body, feeling his legs, and bidding for him as if he had been a horse.一大堆人固在他身边，摸着他的身体和大腿，出价买他，好像他是一匹马似的。 The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me just as if I had gained a new friend.我头一回读到一本好书，对我来说我好像交了一位新朋友。They stood upon a bleak and des
14、ert moor, whose monstrous masses of stone were cast about as though it were the burial place of giants.他们站在荒无人烟的旷野上，那里满地都是硕大无朋的岩石，宛如巨人的墓地。Our village is no less beautiful than this picture.我们乡村同这幅图画一样美。A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.鲸不是鱼，正如马也不是鱼一样。 Love and cough can not be hid.爱情像咳嗽
15、一样是掩盖不了的。A world and a stone let go cannot be recalled.说出的话犹如抛出的石，是收不回的。Truth and oil are ever above.真理跟油一样，总要升到上面来。3.用动词seem，resemble (名词resemblance)，treathonourregardconsiderrespect as，compare to，liken to，pass(胜过)，remind of，be similar to，等。例如：Look at the moon. How strange the moon seems: She is li
16、ke a woman rising from a tomb. She is like a dead woman.瞧一瞧那轮明月。她看起来多奇怪：像从墓中起身的妇女，像死妇叫样惨白。 Her face resembled a silver moon. Her face bore the resemblance of a moon. 她的脸长得像一轮银月。 He treats his child as the apple in the eye.他把他的孩子当成掌上明珠。 Samuel Johnson regarded a dictionary as a watch.塞缪尔约翰逊把词典看成钟表。 S
17、hakespeare compared the world to a stage莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。 You can 1iken your eye to a camera. 你可以把你的眼睛比作照相机。 His nose was particularly white and his large nostrils, correspondingly dark, reminded me of an oboe when they dilated.他鼻子特别白，而他那对发黑的大鼻孔在张大时使我想起双簧管。 His strength is similar to a horse.他强壮如牛。4.用词组m
18、aymight as well（as）(做就好像做)，no morelessthannot any morethan(如同一样) ，so speakas it were (可以说，可以比喻地说)。例如：He never listensyou might as well talk to a brick (as talk to him).他根本不听一同他讲话就好像同一堵墙讲话一样。He woke them both up getting to bed，but when they tried to wake him up afterwards they might as well have trie
19、d to wake the dead. 他去睡觉的时候把他们两个都弄醒了，但后来他们想唤醒他时，简直就像唤死人一样。You might as well except a river to flow backward as hope to move me.你不能动摇我的决心，正如你不能使河水倒流一样。Our village is no less beautiful than this picture.我们的乡村同这幅图画一样美。A student can no more obtain knowledge without studying than a farmer can get harvest
20、 without plowing.学生不学习获不到知识，犹如农民不耕作就不能得到收获一样。A home without love is no more than a body without a soul.没有爱的家庭无异于一个没有灵魂的躯体。 The greatness of a people is no more determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height. 一个民族的伟大并不取决于人口的多少，正如一个人的伟大不能取决于他的身高一样。He is, as it were,
21、 a walking dictionary.可以说，他是一本活词典 The traffic manager has in the hollow of his hand, so to speak, the traffic of the whole system.在某种程度上，运输经理把整个系统的运输情况，全掌握在自己手心里。二、用明喻为读后续写增色下面我们以高考试题为例，简要说明如何用明喻为续写增色：（2022年1月，浙江卷）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。When Dr. Henderson was assigning（指定） project mates for h
22、is psychology class, I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. Above all, I hoped he wouldnt assign me to work with the fiercely competitive, extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to matc
23、h. As fate （命运）would have it, Dr. Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid. I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself He looked at me as though I werent there. I felt he treated me as though I
24、would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. He wasnt mean or abusive; he just gave me the impression he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone. Needless to say, I didnt look forward to an entire term of being brushed off, but I tried to make t
25、he best of it and didnt say anything for fear that I would make things worse. The project required each team to develop a hypothesis （假说）, set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the statistical analysis and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both stude
26、nts. When my teammate and I met to discuss our project, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for single-mindedness and good gradesthe exact opposite of me. I was outmatched. I actually wanted to drop the class at one point, but stopped short because I didnt want to gi
27、ve him the satisfaction of my chickening out. I decided to stick to it no matter what. After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well-being of teenagers. I wasnt sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a topic. 注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.
28、 结部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Para 1. We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans. _Para 2. One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. _1.用明喻修辞个美化关键句子Para.1: （1）描述个人形象例如：Though I wanted to share my ideas with him fully, I failed to do so as if
29、 I were a monster to him to draw him back in the study.虽然我想和他分享我的想法，但我没有这样做，我好像一个怪物一样会在学习上拖他的后腿。 （2）描述个人行为反应例如：I just kept nodding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way or that way.当他问我是否可以这样做或那样做时，我只是像一台机器一样不停地点头。 （3）描述心理情态例如：I started to wait to leave immediately we arriv
30、ed at the place as a fish found long lost water, and so did he.我们一到那个地方，他也和我一样，我就迫不及待地想离开，就像一条鱼找到了失去很久的水一样。Para.2: （1）描述情感情绪例如：I felt so sorry to hear that, as restless as ants on a hot pan, and I thought I should visit him in any case.听到这个消息我感到很难过，就像热锅上的蚂蚁一样坐立不安，我想无论如何我都应该去看看他。 （2）描述努力的场景例如：We bega
31、n to work as a fine team and we were similar horses and work harder and harder, finally finishing our project on time. 我们开始像一个优秀的团队一样工作，我们都很努力，越来越努力，终于按时完成了我们的项目。 （3）强调观点态度例如：We, as it were, were the shadow of each other at last in the course of study.可以说，在学习的过程中，我们终于成了彼此的影子。2.结合明喻构思并完成写作任务We starte
32、d to meet regularly to draw up our plans. Though I wanted to share my ideas with him fully, I failed to do so as if I were a monster to him to draw him back in the study. I just kept nodding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way or that way. I thought it was impossible to p
33、ersuade him into accepting my views, so I didnt want to waste our time to discuss. I started to wait to leave immediately we arrived at the place as a fish found long lost water, and so did he.I just hoped that the presentation day could come earlier.One day I got word that he was admitted to hospit
34、al for a serious disease. I felt so sorry to hear that, as restless as ants on a hot pan, and I thought I should visit him in any case.He was a little surprised to see me when I stepped into his ward with some flowers and fruits. I offered to do the rest work of our project and he invited me to shar
35、e my ideas to perfect it. We began to work as a fine team and we were similar horses and work harder and harder, finally finishing our project on time. Our hard work paid off and Dr. Hendersons was very satisfied with our wonderful findings. From this project, we also learned the significance of tea
36、mmates. Just as the saying goes, one person can go far, but a group of persons can travel farther. We, as it were, were the shadow of each other at last in the course of study.实践强化3基础演练A阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。It was the final day of our holiday: Id gone snowboarding with my little brot
37、her and what we lacked in skill we made up for in enthusiasm, catching the first ski lift in the morning and the last lift in the afternoon. That day, fresh snow had been falling and we were in high spirits. We stopped near the top of an off-piste section (非滑雪场区域) that went through forests. Id done
38、this route a few times before and, as I was faster and more experienced, I let my brother disappear into the trees ahead, figuring I would soon catch up.I began to pick up speed when I was suddenly thrown off balance. I didnt fall but I lost control of the board. I was unable to turn, instead going
39、in a straight line, gathering speed. Just as I was regaining control, I smashed (猛撞) into the trunk of a large tree.It was like hitting a concrete pillar (柱子). I didnt lose consciousness but the pain was felt instantly and overwhelming. I knew pretty much immediately that my back was broken and quic
40、kly realised the situation could get very serious. I was off-piste, so nobody would be coming past. There was no phone signal. My brother knew I was on the mountain, but we often lost each other and would just meet at the bottom, so he might not worry for some time. Even if he did, he had no way of
41、knowing where I was. It was snowing and cold. I figured if I waited, I would probably be rescued, eventually. But the chance of freezing to death before that happened was too high for me to risk staying put.I tried to stand but collapsed and almost blacked out with pain before I got halfway up.Walki
42、ng was not an option. Crawling was too slow and painful. I had another idea: I managed to get the board unclipped (松开) from my feet and manoeuvred (移动) it under my stomach so I was lying on it. I faced down the mountain and, using the board as a luge (小雪橇), I started to drag and slide my body down t
43、he steep, tree-lined slope (斜坡). It was sharp but the snow was quite deep so I could use my arms to stop myself sliding out of control. I descended (下降) at a slow jogging pace, trying to slow myself as much as possible.注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph 1:At one point I lost con
44、trol and came off the board._Paragraph 2:I was given first aid and a helicopter took me to hospital, where my parents had already been waiting for me. _读后续写明喻修辞使用导引比喻词表达举例使用目的ofa louder voice of iron 凸显内心的坚定的意志力likelike a broken kite描述无能为力的场景as ifas if I were climbing the Everest再现道路的艰难. . . . . . .