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1、中考英语语法复习动词语态知识讲解练习一、定义* 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系。* 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。* 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；* 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二、被动语态的构成1.一般现在时： 主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词Eg: The room is cleaned every day.房间每天被打扫。2.一般过去时： 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词Eg: The room was cleaned yesterday.昨天房子被打扫。3.一般将来时： 主语 + will be + 动词过去分词Eg:
2、The room will be cleaned tomorrow.明天房子被打扫。4.现在进行时： 主语 + am/is/are + being + 动词过去分词Eg: The room is being cleaned now.房子现在被打扫。5.过去进行时： 主语 + was/were being + 动词过去分词Eg: The room was being cleaned when I came in. 当我进来的时候房子正在被打扫。6.现在完成时： 主语 + have/has been + 动词过去分词Eg: The room has already been cleaneD.房子已
3、经被打扫完了。三、主动语态和被动语态的转换* 大多数“主语-谓语-宾语”的主动句都可以转换为被动句，方法如下：主动语态： They planted a tree.主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态： A tree was planted （by them）.* 注意：1.当主动语态变为被动语态时，如果需要强调施动者，便可将原句的主语（即施动者）置于by短语中表示出来。Eg:They invited me to the party.- I was invited to the party by them.他们邀请我去派对。2.当主动句是“主语-谓语-宾语-宾语”结构时，有两种变化方式：Eg: My fa
4、ther gave me a book.- I was gave a book by my father.A book was gave me by my father.我爸爸给我一本书。四、不能用被动语态的几种形式1.open, write, read, sell, wash等词作为不及物动词时，它们的主动形式表示被动之意。Eg: This kind of book sells well.(这种书卖得很好。）2.当主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用被动语态。 Eg: The boy can teach himself. (这个小男孩能自学。)3.当主动句的谓语动词表示一种
5、状态或是不及物动词时，不用被动语态。 Eg: The coat fits her very well. (这件衣服很合她的身。）The accident happened last night. (这个事故发生在昨晚。）五、练习( )1.The new movie _ by Jacky Chen a few months ago.A.is directed B.was directed C.directed D.directs( )2.I have a new bike.It _ to me as a birthday gift my father.A.gives B.gave C.was g
6、iving D.was given( ）3.A new bridge _ in two years.A.will build B.will be built C.is built D.is building( )4.When he went abroad, he found that many products in local shops _ in China.A.make B.makes C.made D.were made( )5.Lei Feng _ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.A.died B.has
7、died C.was dead D.has been dead( )6.If I _, I will try my best to go there.A.will be invited B.is invited C.invites D.invited( )7.Many houses _ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.A.damaged B.were damaged C.were damaging D.are damaged( )8.The boy _ to play computer games bef
8、ore he goes to beD.A.isnt allowed B.arent allowed C.doesnt allow D.wasnt allowed( )9.The office is so dirty, it _ tomorrow.A.will clean B.will be cleaned C.are cleaning D.are cleaned( )10.Some people think trees _ on Tree Planting Day only.A.should be planted B.should plant C.should be plant D.shoul
9、d be planting( )11.The plants _ every three days, or they will fail to grow.A.must water B.may water C.must be watered D.may be watered( )12.I dont know how long the book may _.A.keep B.be borrowed C.borrow D.be kept( )13.People who _ to the party are very exciteD.A.have invited B.has been invited C
10、.will invite D.have been invited( )14.- _ free breakfasts _ in all schools in China?- No, not yet.Only in the rural areas.A.Are; made B.Do; serve C.Are; served D.Do; make( )15.These books are so popular.They _ by many children.A.is read B.was read C.are read D.were read( )16.I am so sad, the mascot(
11、吉祥物)-Bing Dundun _ out.A.sells B.has been sold C.is sold D.will be sold( )17.The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _.A.invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented( )18.Dont take the magazine away.It _ me.A.is belonged to B.belongs to C.was belonged to D.is belonging to( )19
12、.The children without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this school.A.is taken B.are taken C.take D.takes( )20.In the old days, they _ in the factory from morning to evening.A.were made to work B.asked to work C.made to work D.were asked for work( )21.When all these bridges _, travelling wil
13、l be easier.A.will be built B.are built C.will build D.build( )22.The 29the Olympic Games _ in August 2008 in China.A.is held B.was held C.will hold D.will be held( )23.Hot water _ in the students flats from 5pm to 7pm now.A.supplies B.is supplied C.supplied D.was supplied( )24.You cant move in righ
14、t now.The house _.A.has painted B.is painted C.is being painted D.is painting( )25.Many trees _ in the desert to keep the sand from moving every year.A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted( )26.It _ to drive after drinking wine.A.is allowed B.is not allowed C.is made D.is welcomed(
15、)27.My cup _ last night.So I have to buy another.A.broke B.are broken C.were broken D.break( )28.With the development of technology, more useful machines _ one day.A.invent B.are invented C.will invent D.will be invented( )29.You can play as soon as your homework _. A.finishes B.will be finished C.h
16、as finished D.is finished( )30.No matter how many difficulties we meet, I believe all the problems _ in the enD.A.can solve B.can be solved C.need solve D.need be solved( )31.This desk _ wooD.A.is made in B.is made by C.is made of D.is made from( )32.The task _ earlier if more people are sent here.A
17、.has completed B.is completed C.was completed D.will be completed( )33.This kind of pen _, and is also very cheap.I think you can buy some.A.writes well B.writes good C.is written well D.is written good( )34.This photo _ when I visited Beijing.A.is taken B.takes C.was taken D.took( )35.Earth Day _ i
18、n 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.A.sets up B.set up C.is set up D.was set up( )36.Many students _ chances to show themselves in class.A.dont give B.arent given C.havent given D.wont give( )37.The pet dog is warm and loving.It _ as a daughter of my family.A.treats B.treated C.is treated D.was
19、treated( )38.My bike is broken.It needs _ .A.to repair B.repairing C.repaired D.not to repair( )39.The door _, you can touch it.A.has been painted B.will be painted C.was painted D.is painted( )40.My advice on how to save paper _ by my class last Monday.A.accepts B.accepted C.was accepted D.is accep
20、ted41.English _ (speak) by many people in the worlD.42.You mustnt touch the machines unless you _ (allow) to.43.Usually, books for children _ (write) in simple languages.44.The old should _ (look) after by us.45.The exam _ (have) next week.46.These flowers need _ (water) every week.47.The Olympic Ga
21、mes in Beijing _ (consider) as the best one.48.My homework _ (do) for two hours.49.Everybody _ (move) deeply after they heard the story.50.If the dishes _ (wash), you can have on hamburger.【答案】1 - 5 BDBDD 6 - 10 BBABA11- 15 CDDCC 16 - 20 BDBBA21- 25 BBBCC 26 - 30 BCDDB31- 35 CDACD 36 - 40 BCBAC41.is spoken 42.are allowed43.are written 44.be looked45.will be had 46.watering/ to be watered47.is considered 48.has been done49.was moved 50.are washed7