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1、2023年山西省运城市盐湖区考研英语一深度预测试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Kindness is a simple answer in a sometimes difficult and challenging world.For a long time it has been my work to
2、 1 and appreciate all people and to 2 others to do the same.When my granddaughter Skylar was young and we*d go out,we had a(n) 3 called Who can make the most people smile? A. achievement B. communication C. organization D. skill A. positive B. possible C. exact D. common A. adequately B. properly C.
3、 increasingly D. normally A. manager B. businessman C. guard D. protector A. consequently B. strangely C. otherwise D. actually And we continue it today.lt4 for a wonderful day.When Skylar sees someone walking down the aisle with her 5 down,shell walk up to her and gives her a big 6.1 watch her walk
4、 on.turn around and smile at Skylar 7perhaps smile at someone else.Kindness is a chain that 8 us all together.In 2002,my dad had a series of strokes and other illness.At that time, T was in a womens networking 9 .One day I asked the ladies if they could send their 10 energies and maybe do something
5、nice for someone to whom they would not 11 think about doing something nice.That same day,! made cookies for the 12 at the post office.When I gave him the cookies he 13 looked a littleembarrassed.HWhy,Linda?nhe asked.nBecause I14you!,I answered.1When I get here at 6 a.m.and it is still 15outside,kno
6、wing you are inside makes me feel16 .And when I first moved here and my post office 17 was alwaysempty,you always18me on.And you keep this place 19 /That evening his wife called me and said that he was 20 .No one even knows his name,let alone bakes him cookies!1 A. observeB. recommend C. acknowledge
7、 D. judge2、 A. encourage B. train3、 A. contest B. speech4、 A. answers B. appliesC. praise D. comfortC. surprise D. involvementC. searches D. makesB. headB. shoutB. still5、A. luck6、A. sign7 A. butC. handC. smileC. so D.D. shoulderD. giftor8、 A. takes B. pullsC. urges D. protects5. B6. C7. D8. B9. C10
8、. A11. D12. C13. D14. B15. A16. C17. B18. D19. A20. BSection II Reading Comprehension2、1. D2. C3. A4. D3、1. C2. B3. D4. B5. B6. D4、1. C2. D3. A4. B5、1. C3. D6、1. reservation2. before/until/till3. wondering4. . were served5. . meant6. . tears7. , from8. the9. perfectly10. better7、1. who/that2. attend
9、ed3. inspired4. exposed5. . deadly6. was understood7. an8. out9. to blame10. (should) be examined Section III Translation 8、1. F2. G3. A4. D5. E9、I. C2. B3. D4. A14、A.trustB. appreciate C. admire D. inspire15、A.darkB. cold C. lonely D. inconvenient16、A.excitedB.pleased C. safeD. curious17、A.addressB
10、.box C. windowD. seat18、A.countedB.turnedC. putD.cheered19、A.spotlessB.cheerlessC. fearlessD. fruitless20、A.interestedB. touchedC, focusedD , worriedPart ADirections:SectionIIReading ComprehensionRead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your a
11、nswers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Competition occurs naturally between living beings which co-exist in the same environment. In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity（繁荣）
12、.Others say that competition is bad ;that it sets one person against another ;that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their self worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them playing well and winning
13、are often life and death affairs. In their single minded pursuit（追求）of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no atten
14、tion to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achi
15、eve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse :I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, t
16、his belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove them-selves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to di
17、ssolve （缓解）can we discover a new meaning in competition.1、Which is the main point of this passage?A. Competition is an interesting experience in ones life.B. Competition is helpful to set up self-respect.C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Different opinions about competitio
18、n among people.2、Why do some people value competition highly?A. They think it makes nations become rich.B. They think it helps to improve peoples abilities.C , They think it has the duty to push society forward.D. They think it makes nations more competitive.3、What is the meaning of the underlined p
19、hrase “the most vocal“ in Paragraph 3?A. Those who strongly blame competition.B. Those who value competition highly.C. Those who want success very much.D. Those who fail many times.4、What can we know about competition?A. It can determine ones achievement.B. Its winning should become a life-and-death
20、 matter.C. It should be encouraged in all countries in the world.D. It arises when a goal cannot be shared.Text 2American families are accustomed to settling in faraway places, which has been a national phenomenon. Decades of data, including a more recent Gallup study, characterizes the US as one of
21、 the most geographically mobile countries in the world. About one in four US adults(24 percent) has reported moving within the country in the past five years.the reported noted. With the exception of Finns(23 percent) and Norwegians(22 percent), Americans move considerably more than their European p
22、eers.Though some may move for love or family, the major reason why Americans choose to move around is, unsurprisingly, related to work. Citing data from the Current Population Survey, a post on the blog of the New York Fed noted that between 58 and 2013, slightly more than half of interstate(州际的)mig
23、rants said they moved for employment-related reasonsa category that includes moves undertaken for new jobs, job transfers, and easier commutes(通勤)The seeking of opportunity, particularly for an immigrant nation, is a national mythology(神话)as well as an emotional attachment to work. A new working pap
24、er analyzed by Ben Steverman at Bloomberg suggests that workers in the US now “put in almost 25 percent more hours than Europeans in a given year. This figure has steadily risen since the 30s, when the hours logged by workers in Western Europe and the US were roughly the same.There are, of course, s
25、ome internal factors. The US is much vaster than most European countries, plus it boasts（拥有）a common language. It is considered to be a sign of an efficient labor market that US workers can be persuaded to move to regions where there is a steady growth in jobs, such as the Sun Belt in recent years.
26、And while American workers often have fewer labor protections than their European counterparts, as a report by the World Bank noted in 2012, American “labor laws give employers the power to fire, hire, or relocate（重新安置）workers according to their needs”, a flexibility that is thought to aid economic
27、growth. The World Band report added that the occupation of the average US employee in 66 was 4 years, compared to 10 years in the European Union.Nevertheless, while Americans remain excessively mobile, FaithKarahan and Darious Li at the New York Fed are the latest to note that US workers are moving
28、around less than before. During the 40s, 3 percent of working-age Americans relocated to a different state each year; that figure had been cut in half by 2010. While part of the decline can be attributed to the Great Recession, “the authors suggest, “this phenomenon took place over the course of sev
29、eral decades and is not necessarily related to the economic conditions.So what accounts for this phenomenon? A round-up of theories by Brad Plumer at The Washington Post included the aging of the US workforce, the further rise of two-income households, the burdens of real estate, evolving workplace
30、culture, as well as the flat line of wages, which makes moving away for a job, on average, a less rewarding financial proposition.Karahan and Li put much stock in the effects of an aging workforce, to which they attribute at least half of the decline in interstate migration. ccIn short, a young indi
31、vidual today is moving less than a young person did in the 40s because of the higher presence of older workers, “they write, suggesting that employers have shifted their employment tactics（策略）to adapt to the changing demographics（人 口 统计数据）of the workforce. Needless to say, movies about this era in A
32、merican life, in which fewer people set out to start lives in wide-ranging places, will probably be much less exciting.1、 According to the passage, in the past five years, Americans have moved.A. relatively less than the BritishB. less frequently than ItaliansC. slightly more than NorwegiansD. consi
33、derably more than Finns2、What can we infer from Paragraphs 2 and 3?A. Americans choose to move mainly for work and family.B. Americans have a very strong interest in work.C. Americans invested more time in work than Europeans in 35.D. Americans tended to move to Europe between 58 and 2013.3、Which of
34、 the following is NOT the reason why American workers move more than their European peers?A. There is a common language in the US.B. The US is much vaster than most European countries.C. American labor laws give employers more freedom to deal with them.D. They are offered more efficient labor protec
35、tions.4、The underlined part this phenomenon in Paragraph 5 refers to. A. the Great RecessionB. the decline of working-age Americans1 interstate migration C. the reduction in the number of working-age Americans D. Americans* tendency to remain mobile5、How do American employers deal with the aging wor
36、kforce according to the passage?A. By sticking to their previous policies.B. By adjusting to it.C. By improving their employeesjob skills.D. By raising employment standard.6、 As to the current situation of Americans migration, the author might feel.A. curiousB. strangeC. confusedD. disappointedText
37、3Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, the
38、researcher who carried out the review, more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter.Smell,which dictates （决定） the unbelievab
39、le complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10, 000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes, which make up an amazing 3% of the human geno
40、me.ResearchersRichard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1, 000 olfactory （嗅觉） genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
41、According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these c
42、an all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers1 impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and me
43、ntal fbcus.However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others ha
44、te them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.1、What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out? A. The type of food smells.B The logical part of human brain.C. The nature of human olfactor
45、y system.D. The relationship between food and feelings.2、Which of the following can help people concentrate ? A. Bread.B. Fast food.C. Pizza.D. Coffee.3、What do we know from the last paragraph ? A. Different people are sensitive to different smells.B. Every person has a different pattern of genes.C.
46、 Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.D. There are still some olfactory genes to be found out.4、What is the passage mainly about? A. Logic and behavior.B. Smell and its influence.C. Sense ability and food tastes.D. Olfactory genes and its system.Text 4A boy shivers in the harsh Oslo winter, wra
47、pping his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. He isnt wearing a coat and temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly plunge to -10 during winter.A heartbreaking scene, but the actions of the ordinary people who witnessed the dilemma of 11 year old Johannes Lonnestad Flaaten are both joyous
48、and inspiring.A young blonde woman who sat next to the boy and noticed him rubbing his arms. She immediately asked him: “Dont you have a jacket?” “No, someone stole it”, he replied. She questioned him and discovered he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She asked him the name of his school and where he was from as she selflessly draped（挂上） her