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1、Unit 8 Pets Grammar 知识精讲知识点01 形容词的基本用法 教材P97【用法详解】一、形容词的定义：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid， asleep, awake，alone等。 二、形容词的用法 1）作定语：形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房
2、子里。There is nothing important in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。2）作表语，放在系动词（be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如：alone, alive, asleep, afraid, alight, ashamed, drunk, ill, well, unable, sure.上述形容词不能作前置定语，但alive , asleep可作后置定语。His idea sounds gr
3、eat. 他的主意听起来很棒。He is the greatest poet alive. 他是在世的诗人中最伟大的。3）作宾语补足语， 放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find 等动词连用。They keep the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。We find it important to learn English well. 我们发现学好英语很重要。4）形容词的名词化有些形容词放在定冠词之后，表示一类人，常见的有good/bad, rich/poor, young/old, deaf/blind, black/wh
4、ite, living/dead, beautiful/good等。The old should be taken good care of. 老年人应该受到很好的照顾。5）以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人exciting-excited boring-bored interesting-interested tiring-tired三、形容词的位置 1）形容词与不定代词something，anything，nothing，everything等连用时，要放在这些词后面。Is there anything interesting in todays newspape
5、r?2）如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其前后排列顺序一般如下： 限定词(a/the，thissomeher)+数量词（先序数词后基数词）+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： 冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+序数词+基数词+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+最终修饰的名词或动名词。a dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花 I have a big, round , r
6、ed, wooden, Chinese table. 我有一个中国制造木制红色的大的园桌子。【典例讲解】1.Mr.Wu seems _ today.Yes, because Simon is late for school again today.A.happilyB.happyC.angryD.angrily【答案】C【解析】句意：吴老师今天看起来很生气。是的，因为西蒙今天上学又迟到了。考查词义辨析和形容词作表语。happily开心地，副词；happy开心的，形容词；angry生气的，形容词；angrily生气地，副词。seem是系动词，其后加形容词作表语，排除AD；根据“because S
7、imon is late for school again today”可知，学生迟到，老师会生气。故选C。2.The apples look _.Yes, and they taste _. Why not buy some?A.good; goodB.well; wellC.good; wellD.well; good【答案】A【解析】句意：这些苹果看起来不错。是的，而且它们尝起来很好。为什么不买一些呢？考查well和good的区别。good好的，形容词；well身体好的，形容词；好，副词。look“看起来”，taste“尝起来”，二者都是系动词，后面跟形容词做表语，且均表示“好的”，故应
8、用good。故选A。3.The movie is getting _ around the world.A.luckyB.excellentC.specialD.popular【答案】D【解析】句意：这部电影在全世界越来越受欢迎。考查形容词辨析。lucky幸运的；excellent优秀的；special特殊的；popular受欢迎的。根据“The movie is getting.around the world.”可知，此处是指电影很受欢迎。故选D。4.John is _. He doesnt like to work.A.strictB.funnyC.lazyD.boring【答案】C【解
9、析】句意：约翰很懒。他不喜欢工作。考查形容词辨析。strict严格的；funny有趣的；lazy懒惰的；boring无聊的。根据“He doesnt like to work”可知，汤姆很懒。故选C。5.Its usually _ in South China.A.to rainB.rainyC.rainsD.rain【答案】B【解析】句意：中国南方经常下雨。考查形容词作表语。由“Its”为“It is”的缩写，is为系动词，后面跟形容词作表语。rainy有雨的，形容词，故选B。知识点02 复合不定代词 教材P98 【用法详解】一、 不定代词的含义表示笼统指代，不能确定指代具体哪(些)人或物的
10、代词叫不定代词。二、不定代词的分类1) 普通不定代词常用的不定代词如下：some, anyfew, a few / little, a littlenone, one, other,anothermany, mucheither, neithereach, everyboth, all2) 复合不定代词复合不定代词是由 some-, any-, no-, every-加上-one,-body, -thing 等所组成的不定代词。常见的复合不定代词有：somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyoneno one everyonesomethinganythi
11、ngnothingeverything三、复合不定代词用法1）some系列的不定代词和any系列的不定代词some系列的不定代词一般用于肯定句。用于疑问句中，一般表示一种委婉的请求，希望对方给出肯定回答。There is someone waiting for you at the school gate. 学校大门口有人等你。Could I have something to drink? 我能要点喝的吗？any系列的不定代词用于否定句和疑问句，如用于肯定句，则有“任何”的含义。There isnt anything else in the fridge now. 冰箱里任何其他的东西都没有
12、了。Do you have anything to say for yourself? 你还有什么要为自己说的吗？Anyone should obey the law. 任何人都应该遵守法律。2）everyone 与 every one everyone 的意思相当于“everybody”，只能指人，不能和of连用。I would like everyone to be happy. 我想要每个人都开心。 every one 既可以指人也可以指物，可以和of连用。I have every one of her letters. 她的每一封信，我都有。3) no one, nobody, not
13、hing, 与none不定代词用法例句no one1 )不与of连用；2 )谓语动词用单数；3 )只能指人；4 )一般用来回答who,及含everyone, anyone,anybody引起的疑问句。-Is everyone here today?-Yes, Mr.Ma. No one is absent.nobody-Whos in the room?-Nobody,I think.nothing1）指物； 2）一般用于what的提问。-Whats in the box?-Nothing but a card.none1） 强调数量，既可指人也可以指物；2）可与 of连用；3）用于how m
14、any 或 how much 提问的回答。 -How many passengers were there on the bus at that time?-None. 4) 复合不定代词和形容词或else(其他)的连用当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形容词必须放在复合不定代词的后面。My host family tried to cook something different for me when I studied in New Zealand. 解当我在新西兰学习时，我的寄宿家庭努力为我做一些不同的饭吃。Would
15、 you like something else to drink? 你想要点别的喝的吗？【典例讲解】1. There isnt _ in the fridge. Ok, lets go shopping now.A.nothingB.everythingC.anythingD.something【答案】C【解析】句意：冰箱里什么也没有。好，我们现在去购物吧。考查不定代词辨析。nothing没什么；everything一切；anything任何东西，常用于否定句和疑问句；something某物，常用于肯定句。根据“lets go shopping now.”可知冰箱里没有东西，此句为否定句，故
16、选C。2.Peter, my computer doesnt work. Is there _ with it?Im not sure. Lets ask someone to help you check it.A.something wrongB.wrong somethingC.anything wrongD.wrong anything【答案】C【解析】句意：彼得，我的电脑坏了。是有什么问题吗？我不太确定。让我们找个人帮你检查一下。考查复合不定代词用法。根据“Peter, my computer doesnt work.”可知，电脑出问题了，形容词修饰复合不定代词需后置，疑问句用any
17、thing，所以应该为anything wrong。故选C。3. Whose bike is it under the tree? Its _.A.somebody elsesB.somebody elseC.somebodys elsesD.somebodys else【答案】A【解析】句意：树下面是谁的自行车？是别人的。考查不定代词和所有格。somebody elses“其他人的”；somebody else“其他人”。else应放在不定代词somebody的后面，所有格形式在最后加s。B选项不符合句意，C和D两个选项形式错误。故选A。4.Would you like _ to drink
18、?Sure, but I dont like coffee _ tea. Do you have orange juice?A.something; andB.something; orC.anything; withD.anything; or【答案】B【解析】句意：你想喝点什么吗？当然，但是我不喜欢咖啡和茶。你有橙汁吗？考查不定代词辨析及连词辨析。something某物；anything任何东西；and和；or或；with随着。根据“Would you like”可知此处是表示建议的问句，要用“something”，可排除C和D选项。又因为下文“dont like”可知此处是否定句，否定句
19、中用“or”来表示“和”。故选B。5.As a saying goes, _ is difficult if you put your heart into it.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything【答案】C【解析】句意：俗话说，世上无难事，只怕有心人。考查不定代词。something某事，常用于肯定句中；anything任何事物，常用于否定句和疑问句中；nothing没有什么；everything每件事。根据“if you put your heart into it”及常识可知，只要你用心去做，就没有困难的事情，nothing符合语境。故选
20、C。知识点03 all the time 教材P97 【用法详解】all the time 一直，始终，无时无刻，随时Conditions are changing all the time. 情况在不断地变化着。I have a dog and a cat, but they fight all the time. 我养了一只猫和一只狗，但它们老是打架。Follow that man and keep him in sight all the time. 要跟著那个人, 一直盯著他.【典例讲解】Jack, you are so good at English. Can you tell me
21、 the secret?No secret. I just work hard at English _.A.sometimesB.some timesC.all the timeD.some time【答案】C【解析】句意：杰克，你这么擅长英语。你可以告诉我秘诀吗？没有秘诀。我只是一直在努力学习英语。考查副词词义辨析。sometimes有时，偶尔；some times几次，数次；all the time一直，始终；some time一段时间。根据题干“Jack, you are so good at English.”可知杰克很擅长英语，可见他是一直努力学习英语。故选C。【拓展】关于time
22、 的固定搭配intime及时，最后，终于 ontime按时，准时 atthesametime同时，尽管但是 bythetime到时候 innotime立刻 foratime暂时，短时期 atalltimes无论如何 atatime每次 atonetime曾经，一度 fromtimetotime不时地，偶尔 知识点04 agree 教材P98 【用法详解】agree v. 同意；赞成；取得一致意见，一致同意When he said that, I had to agree.他说了那话，我只好同意。He agreed with them about the need for change.他同意他
23、们需要变革的意见。Are we all agreed on this?我们在这个问题上是不是全体意见一致？【典例讲解】I think everyone should not pollute the Earth._.A.No problemB.Id love toC.I agree with youD.A good idea【答案】C【解析】句意：我认为每个人都不应该污染地球。我同意你的看法。考查情景交际。No problem没问题；Id love to我想；I agree with you我同意你的看法；A good idea好主意；根据“I think everyone should not
24、 pollute the Earth.”可知，此处应该是对这句话给出自己的评价，同意或不同意，选项C符合，故选C。【拓展】agree 的固定搭配agree with同意，和意见一致agree on对取得一致意见agree in在方面意见一致；在相同知识点05 keep 教材P98 【用法详解】keep v. （使）保持，处于The notice said Keep offthe grass.牌子上写着“勿践踏草地”。Im very sorryto keepyouwaiting. 对不起，让你久等了。keep v. 养；饲养tokeep bees/goats/hens养蜜蜂山羊母鸡Theykee
25、p chickensinthe back yard. 他们在后院养鸡。【典例讲解】Mr. Brown, can I _ Harry Potter from the library?Sure, but you can only _ it for half a month.A.lend; borrowB.borrow; keepC.borrow; lendD.lend; keep【答案】B【解析】句意：布朗老师，我可以从图书馆借哈雷波特吗？当然，但你只能借半个月。考查动词辨析。lend借出；borrow借入；keep保留。根据“from the library”可知，此处指从图书馆借书，用borr
26、ow sth from“从借”；“for+一段时间”要与延续性动词一起连用，keep是延续性动词，故选B。能力拓展一单项选择1.Little Tom can draw _. His pictures are very _.A.good, wellB.well, goodC.good, goodD.well, well【答案】B【解析】句意：小汤姆画得很好。他的图片很好。考查形容词和副词用法。good形容词，“好的”。well副词，“好”。根据句子结构可知，第一空应填副词，修饰动词draw；第二空应填形容词，做表语。故选B。2.These toys look _. I want to buy s
27、ome.A.nicelyB.friendlyC.beautifullyD.lovely【答案】D【解析】句意：这些玩具看起来很可爱。我想买一些。考查形容词和副词辨析。nicely副词，“令人愉快地，漂亮地”；friendly形容词，“友好的”；beautifully形容词，“漂亮地，美丽地”；lovely形容词，“可爱的”。look为系动词，后跟形容词作表语。A、C词性不符合，排除A、C。根据“I want to buy some.”可知，这些玩具很可爱。故选D。3.There is _ in todays newspaper. A.something interestingB.interes
28、ting somethingC.something interestedD.interesting nothing【答案】A【解析】句意：今天的报纸上有一些有趣的事情。考查不定代词及定语后置。something某事；nothing没有什么；interesting有趣的；interested感兴趣的。形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词放代词之后，排除BD；“something”指物，此处用interesting，排除C。故选A。4.It was so dark that I could see _ in the room.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everythi
29、ng【答案】A【解析】句意：房间里如此黑以至于我什么都看不见。考查复合不定代词。nothing什么都没有；anything任何事物；something某物；everything所有事物，根据空前的“It was so dark”可知，应该是什么都看不见，故选A。5.Do ants rest? I think theyre moving around _. Sure. They rest when they are tired just like us.A.at that timeB.at the same timeC.all the timeD.for the first time【答案】C【
30、解析】句意：蚂蚁休息吗？我想它们一直在四处走动。当然了。它们就和我们一样，累了就休息。考查介词短语辨析。at that time在那个时候；at the same time同时；all the time一直、总是；for the first time第一次。根据前句“Do ants rest?”可知，应是说它们一直在四处走动。故选C。6.Did you agree _ a party for him?A.havingB.to haveC.haveD.had【答案】B【解析】句意：你同意为他举办一个聚会吗?考查动词形式辨析。agree to do sth.同意干某事，固定短语；根据句意语境，可知
31、选B。分层提分题组A 基础过关练一、单项选择1.Id like to be a policeman because a policeman always keeps our city_.A.saveB.safeC.safelyD.safety【答案】B【解析】句意：我想成为一名警察，因为警察总是保持我们的城市安全。考查形容词用法。save动词，“拯救”；safe形容词，“安全的”；safely副词，“安全地”；safety名词，“安全”。根据句子结构可知，应填形容词做宾语补足语。故选B。2.Alice is good at singing and her voice sounds _.A.be
32、autifullyB.wonderfulC.wellD.loudly【答案】B【解析】句意：爱丽丝擅长唱歌，她的声音听起来很美妙。考查词义辨析。beautifully美妙地；wonderful美妙的；well健康的，好地；loudly大声地。sound是系动词，其后用形容词作表语，根据“her voice sounds.”可知，声音听起来是美妙的，故选B。3.The idea doesnt sound so _ to me.A.wellB.happilyC.excitingD.excited【答案】C【解析】句意：对我来说，这个主意听起来并不那么令人兴奋。考查形容词副词。well好地；happ
33、ily开心地；exciting令人激动的，修饰物；excited感到激动的，修饰人；结合“doesnt sound so.”可知，此处指的是“令人激动的”，空处修饰物，应用ing形容词，故选C。4.Jenny, do you have _ to tell me?A.anything importantB.important anythingC.something importantD.important something【答案】A【解析】句意：珍妮，你有什么重要的事要告诉我吗？考查复合不定代词。anything任何事，用于疑问句和否定句中；something某事，用于肯定句中；importa
34、nt重要的，形容词。形容词important修饰复合不定代词时应后置，句子是一般疑问句，应用anything，故选A。5.Is there _ else you want me to do? No thanks. Its so kind of you.A.some thingsB.anythingC.nothingD.everything【答案】B【解析】句意：还有什么需要我做的吗？没有了谢谢。你真是太好了。考查代词辨析。some things一些事情；anything任何事；nothing无事；everything每件事。本句是疑问句，询问是否还有什么需要做的，用anything。故选B。6
35、. I am so thirsty. Do you have _ to drink?There _ apple juice in the fridge. Do you want it?A.something; is a littleB.anything; are someC.anything; is someD.something; are a few【答案】C【解析】句意：我口渴了，你有什么可以喝的东西吗？冰箱里有一些苹果汁。你想要吗？考查不定代词和主谓一致。something一些东西，通常用于肯定句中；anything任何东西，通常用于否定句或者疑问句中。a little“一些”，修饰不可
36、数名词；a few“一些”，修饰可数名词，some“一些”，可修饰可数或者不可数名词。根据“Do you have.to drink?”可知，第一空填anything，排除A和D；apple juice“苹果汁”，是不可数名词，所以be动词用is。故选C。7._, he exercises every morning.A.To keep healthyB.Keeping healthyC.Keeping healthD.To keep health【答案】A【解析】句意：为了保持健康，他每天早上锻炼。考查非谓语动词。keep healthy“保持健康”，结合句意，他每天锻炼的目的是保持健康，因
37、此用动词不定式，故选A。题组B 能力提升练一、 完型填空A few months ago, Kim found there was something wrong with her dogJake. His eyes had stopped producing tears (眼泪), and it was clear he was in a lot of _1_. Kim took him to the doctors, and the doctor advised to have his eyeballs removed. “I finally made a difficult decisi
38、on and _2_ the doctor to make him more comfortable,” Kim explained.When Jake came back home, he _3_ to be afraid to climb stairs for the first time. However, something _4_ took place. Addie, his dog sister and partner, realized his problem and decided to help. “She came down the stairs, stood next t
39、o him and then walked back up as if to show him the _5_,” Kim said. “I was totally moved by Addie. She was such a good partner. I watched _6_, hoping Addies plan would work, and it did.”Kim tied a bell around Addies neck _7_ it could help Jake find Addie more easily. Addie continued to _8_ Jake whil
40、e he got used to his new condition (状况).Now Jake doesnt need Addie to _9_ the bell anymore. Hes able to hang around the house and places that he often visits easily. But whenever Jake and Addie visit some _10_ places, Addie works as a guide dog again. What a good dog sister and partner!1.A.funB.pain
41、C.courageD.surprise2.A.played withB.fought withC.agreed withD.worked with3.A.appearedB.wantedC.hopedD.decided4.A.simpleB.amazingC.terribleD.serious5.A.sizeB.shapeC.timeD.way6.A.nervouslyB.correctlyC.quicklyD.suddenly7.A.untilB.whenC.ifD.because8.A.care forB.look forC.pay forD.ask for9.A.recordB.wear
42、C.buyD.hear10.A.oldB.brightC.newD.dark【答案】1-5 BCABD 6-10 ADABC【文章大意】本文主要讲述了Kim的爱犬Jake因病移除眼球后便看不见了，Jake的姐姐兼伙伴Addie充当他的“导盲犬”的故事。【解析】1.句意：他的眼睛已经不再流泪了，很明显他很痛苦。fun乐趣；pain痛苦；courage勇气；surprise惊喜。根据“His eyes had stopped producing tears”可知，Jake的眼睛不再流眼泪，由此可知他应是生病了，结合选项可知，生病的他应是痛苦的。故选B。2.句意：我最终做出了一个艰难的决定，同意医生
43、的意见，让他舒服一些。played with和玩；fought with与争斗；agreed with同意；worked with和一起工作。根据上文“and the doctor advised to have his eyeballs removedto make him more comfortable,”可知，为了让Jake舒服一些，主人Kim同意医生移除Jake的眼球的建议。故选C。3.句意：当Jake回到家后，他第一次爬楼梯时显得很害怕。appeared显得；wanted想要；hoped希望；decided决定。根据第一段可知，Jake移除了眼球，也就是说他以后都看不见东西了，所以
44、当他回家后第一次爬楼梯时会显得很害怕。故选A。4.句意：然而，令人惊奇的事情发生了。simple简单的；amazing令人惊奇的；terrible糟糕的；serious严重的。根据下文“Addie, his dog sister and partner, realized his problem and decided to help.”可知，Jake的伙伴Addie意识到了他的问题并决定帮助失明的他，这是令人惊奇的事情。故选B。5.句意：她走下楼梯，站在他旁边，然后又走回来，好像要给他指路。size大小；shape形状；time时间；way路。根据第一段可知，Jake移除眼球后便看不见东西了
45、，所以Addie应是帮失明的Jake指路。故选D。6.句意：我紧张地看着，希望Addie的计划能成功，结果成功了。nervously紧张不安地；correctly正确地；quickly快速地；suddenly突然。根据“I watched.hoping Addies plan would work”可知，主人Kim看着Addie领Jake走路时希望Addie这样的做法能成功，由此可知Kim此时并不知道Addie的做法能否奏效，所以他应是紧张地看着它们。故选A。7.句意：Kim在Addie的脖子上系了一个铃铛，因为它可以帮助Jake更容易找到Addie。until直到；when当时；if如果；because