英语7下-Unit 1 语法基数词和序数词 2021-2022学年牛津译林版七年级英语下册.docx

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1、7BU1语法数词的用法一、数词的基本分类1)基数词表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等。 2)序数词表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。二、数词的构成 1、基数词的构成1)1-20的写法1-12表达英语中有相对应的单词13-19都是以teen结尾,其中除13,15,18之外,都是表示几的基数词后面直接加teen构成表示十几的基数词,如four-fourteen整十都是以ty结尾,其中除twenty特殊记忆外,其他都是表示十几的基数词去掉teen换成ty,但40

2、要去掉u(一定要记住十四是十四,四十是四十) 数字的读法两位数的表达方法为整数加个位数组成,如twenty-one三位数如one hundred and twenty-one,百位和十位之间加and,后面两位要加连字符四位以上只有在百位和十位之间加and,如1134 one thousand, one hundred and thirty-four。 2)用作基数词单位的 hundred, thousand, million, billion 不带复数词尾-s,但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。如:About two thousand people died in the e

3、arthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海边去。3)表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如:He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头。This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。练习:1.It will be a beautiful day tomorrow with temperatures in the_(twenty).答案:twenties 4) 用基数词-名词-形容词作

4、形容词,意思上等于基数词+名词复数的所有格。例a two-day-long holiday=two days holidayAn 8-year-old boy; an 80-page bookA 100-meter-long race; a one-hour documentary2、序数词的构成1)基数词变序数词的口诀如下:一二三,特殊记,八去t,九去e,f要将ve替,几十几只变个位就可以,y变为ie,然后再加th。(结合数字理解记忆)1-12的序数词中以twelfth考察最多。ninth,eighth和fifth次之。一定要记住这些特殊变位的。 2)非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:

5、twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),ninety-ninth(第99),three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。三、数词的用法:1)序数词前通常要用定冠词,但当序数词前有形容词性物主代词时,通常省略其前的定冠词。如:Today is my fathers fortieth birthday.2)时刻的表示:小时,分钟,秒钟都用基数词表示,例如:five oclock, seven thirty, two to eight等。3)年,月,日的表示:年份用基数词,日用序数词。例如:in 1999,五月八号 写作 May the

6、eighth。关于四位数的年份的朗读,前两位和后两位分开读,如1999,读作nineteen, ninety-nine;或者当成一个四位数读,如1999,读作one thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine。4)在分数的表达,分子须用基数词,分母用序数词。分子如是1以上的基数词,分母须用复数形式。如1/3写作a/one third,3/4写作three fourths。 5)编号的表示:基数词放到名词的后面,前面的名词要大写;序数词放在名词的前面,要加定冠词。例如:Lesson 1, the first lesson.四、 补充序数词表示为有阿拉伯数字的情况

7、1st,2nd, 3rd, 11th,12th, 21st, 22nd,23rd, 【练习】一、写出下列数字的基数词和序数词4_ _14_ _40_ _9_ _19_ _90_ _答案:four, fourth; fourteen, fourteenth; forty, fortieth; nine, ninth; nineteen, nineteenth; ninety, ninetieth二、单项选择( ) 1. _ visitors come to Changzhou during May Day holidays every year. A. Thousands of B. Two t

8、housands C. Thousand of D. Thousand答案 A 分析:表示成千上百的,用thousands of或hundreds of。千和百用复数,且后面加of。( ) 2. - How was your weekend? - Great! It was my grandfathers_ birthday. We enjoyed ourselves. A. seventy B. seventieth C. the seventieth D. seventeenth答案 B 分析:形容词性物主代词+序数词,表示谁的第几个。( ) 3.May is the _ month of

9、 a year. A. fifty B. fifteen C. fifth D. five答案 C 分析:the+序数词,表示第几个。( ) 4. A _ girl named Dong Changzhou looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. three years old D. a years old答案 A分析:可以用数字-名词-形容词的结构作形容词。注意各个单词之间用连字符隔开,且名词不用复数形式。 ( ) 5. Please turn to Page _ and look a

10、t the _ picture in this unit. A. twentieth; one B. Twenty; one C. twentieth; first D. Twenty; first答案 D分析:编号有两种表示方法,一种是基数词+名词,名词要大写,基数词也要大写,第二种是定冠词+序数词+名词,数词和名词都不需要大写。第一个空是第一种,Page后加大写的基数词,因此为大写的Twenty;第二个空是采用第二种表示方法,the+序数词+名词,因为是first,且小写。( ) 6. - I hear your friend is visiting San Ya again. Is it

11、 the second time for him? - Yes, and he will come for _time next spring. A. the third B. a second C. the third D. a third答案 D 分析:序数词在强调顺序时用定冠词the,当不强调顺序,而是表示又,还,再时用不定冠词a,an;根据-I hear your friend is visiting San Ya againIs it the second time for him?-Yes,and he will come fortime next spring可知他的朋友这是第二

12、次来三亚,而且他明年春天还要来,所以在本题中序数词要与不定冠词搭配,又知third是以辅音音素开头的单词故用不定冠词a,明年将是第三次,故用a third,故选Da/an+序数词=again( 但与具体数量有关)例如:你已吃了4根香蕉,有人问你:你还想吃一根香蕉吗?(第5根) Would you like a fifth banana?=Would you like a banana again?( ) 7. - Would you like to have _ apples? - No, thank you. Ive had enough. A. other two B. another t

13、wo C. more two D. two others答案 B 分析 另外两个有两种表达:another two+名词复数或two more+名词复数。( ) 8. There are _ days in a week and Tuesday is_ day of the week. A. seven; third B. seven; the third C. seventh; three D. the seventh; three答案 B分析 第一个空是说一周里有七天,表示数量,用基数词。第二个空的意思是星期二是一周的第三天,表示顺序,用序数词。故选B。 ( ) 9. There _ tw

14、elve months in a year. September is the_ month. A. are; ninth B. is; ninth C. are; nineth D. is; nineth答案 A分析 there be句型的数取决于后面的名词,而本题中为12个月,是复数,因此第一个空选are。第二个空的意思是9月是第九个月,是序数词。9的序数词变化是不规则的,要去掉e,故为ninth。本题选A。 ( ) 10. Please turn to _. A. Page 11 B. the 11st page C. page 11 D. page the 11th答案 A 分析:B选

15、项极具迷惑性,11的序数词为11th,而不是11st,因为它写作eleventh。( ) 11. There are_ students in Millies school.A. two thousandsB. two thousandC. two thousands ofD. two thousand of答案 B 分析:考察数词的用法。对于基数词hundred、thousand、million、billion等词来说,表示百、千、百万、十亿具体数字时不用加s,不用加of,如two hundred trees,表示成百上千的模糊的数字时,加of,加s,如hundreds of trees。另

16、外,表示大概数目的单词与百、千、百万、十亿的数字连用时,不用加s,不用加of,如several hundred trees。( ) 12. Nanjing is a large and beautiful city with about people. A. eight millions B. eight million C. million of D. eight millions of答案 B分析:考察基数词的用法。对于基数词hundred、thousand、million、billion等词来说,表示百、千、百万、十亿具体数字时不用加s,不用加of,如two hundred trees,

17、表示成百上千的模糊的数字时,加of,加s,如hundreds of trees。句意是:南京是一座美丽的大城市,居住着大约800万人口。800万是具体数字,因此不加s,不加of,直接加名词。故选B。( ) 13. After the Olympic Games, _people went to Beijing for a visit every year.A. million B. millions of C. thousand of D. thousand答案:B分析:考察基数词。对于基数词hundred、thousand、million、billion等词来说,表示百、千、百万、十亿具体数

18、字时不用加s,不用加of,如two hundred trees,表示成百上千的模糊的数字时,加of,加s,如hundreds of trees。故正确答案为B。( ) 14. How do you read the number “100,365”? We read it like this: .A. One hundred thousand, three hundred and sixty-five B. Ten thousand, three hundred and sixty-fiveC. one hundred thousand and three hundred and sixty-

19、five D. one thousand, three and sixty five hundred 答案 A分析:考察基数词的读法。英语朗读是三位一起读,而不是四位。所以选A。( ) 15.This is my _ time to show you _ the local museum.A. first; around B. the first; around C. the first; to D. first; to答案 A分析:考察序数词和固定搭配两个点。第一个空考察序数词,序数词一般要与定冠词the连用,但是有形容词性物主代词时,不加定冠词 加不定冠词,表示在原有次数上加一。本题有my

20、形容词性物主代词,因此不需要加the。第二个空考察固定搭配show sb around sth,意思是带领某人参观某地。16._ should not be allowed to go out at night.A. Twelve-years -old B. Twelve-year-olds C. Twelve years old D. Twelve year olds答案B句意:十二岁孩子不允许晚上外出。Twelve-year-olds十二岁的,这里用作名词,复数。注意有连字符时year不能用复数;allow sb to do允许某人做某事,其被动形式是sb be allowed to do

21、; go out出去;at night.在晚上。三、词的适当形式填空1. Tomorrow is my mothers (forty)birthday. Id like to make a nice present for her.答案: fortieth分析:考察基数词变序数词。2.My grandfathers _(ninety) birthday is coming soon.I want to give him a present.答案:ninetieth分析:考察序数词。3. Fiona wants to get a doll from her mother on her _(nin

22、e) birthday.答案:ninth分析:考察基数词变序数词。尤其注意4,14,40,9, 19, 90,12的序数词写法。4. These old men are in their_(ninety) but they are still very healthy.答案:nineties 分析:考察基数词变序数词。表示几十意思的词,基变序,y变为ie,然后再加th。【2020年 秦外】5. In her _ (fifty), she wrote a lot of books.答案fifties分析:考察基数词的复数形式,表示在某人几十岁时。【2020年 江宁】6. Tomorrow is

23、his _ (nine) birthday, so he is excited.答案ninth分析:考察序数词ninth【2020年 鼓楼】7. Mr. White, could you tell me how to read the date in English?Sure. We are saying the date like this, the _ (twenty-one) of April.答案twenty-first分析:考察21的序数词,几十几的序数词只变个位就可以。【2020年 江北】8. There are _(thousand)of things I want to do

24、in my new house.答案thousands分析:表示成千上百,thousand加s后面跟of【2020年 秦外】9. In her _ (fifty), she wrote a lot of books.答案fifties分析:in ones fifties表示在某人五十几岁的时候【2020年 汇文】10. Tomorrow is his grandpas _(九十)birthday. They will have a big dinner in the restaurant. 答案:ninetieth分析:本题意思是明天是他爷爷90岁的生日。这里的90是序数词的概念,故用ninetieth

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