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1、英语语法宾语从句讲解小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一 基本讲解 来源：直接引语变间接引语概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。e.g. He said, “I am good at drawing”.He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)1.引导词 (1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈
2、述句充当, that可省略。e.g. She said, “I want to go there ” She said (that) she wanted to go there.They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.(2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。e.g. “Are you interested in geography?” she said.She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.I wonder if /whether
3、she has told the new to Li Lei .Im not sure whether he will come or not.注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用ife.g. We are talking about whether well go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether.e.g. I cant say whether or not he will come on timec. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示如果，不能用w
4、hether.e.g. If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.(3)特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. What 引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。e.g. What do you want? He asked. He asked me what I wanted.I have no idea where he
5、is now. I dont know how to deal with it.He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.对比下列句子，看what 做什么成分： He asked what was the wrong/matter with me. （what 做主语） He doesnt know what to do now. (做宾语) He asked me who he was. (who 做表语)2.宾语从句时态a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制e.g. Do you know if/whether he has
6、seen the film?Im sorry to hear that your father is ill.She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态She didnt know why the boy was late again. (过去一般)I didnt know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成）I wondered when she was
7、going to America.（过去将来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：e.g. He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us（seeing is believing.）3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他* when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you please tell me） Could you
8、please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?*Has she seen the movie？（He asked.） He asked if she had seen the movie.*Could you tell me whats the matter/wrong with you?二、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如：e.g. She agreed that she could help me with my math. Sh
9、e agreed to help me with my math.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。如： e.g. She forgot what she should take. she forgot to take it3. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：e.g. She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the
10、 ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.三否定转移e.g. I dont think he is cool. 我认为他并不酷常用词：believe，suppose等 四注意问题和易错点1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清（whether 是否，if是否/如果）3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢e.g. I dont know who she is looking at.(容易丢了at )4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾
11、从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不能用语定从，只用于宾从）5. 混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句e.g. Jim didnt know what was wrong with his computer. 宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you will leave when D. when you will l
12、eave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him.A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didnt
13、 know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _. A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him _ .A. whose cup thi
14、s is B. whose cup is thisC. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had bee
15、n ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _?A. the ta
16、pe was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what
17、 Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. who the
18、old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do20.He asked me _.A.
19、 whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money 能力提高练习1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; Th
20、at D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he me
21、nd C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _?A. the train leave B. does t
22、he train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what i
23、s in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 11. I dont know _ he will be back home. A. who B. what C. when D. where12. Could you tel
24、l me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in13. Do you still remember _?A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say14. I cant understand _the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why
25、had she left15. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen16. They tried to find out _ the new train _.A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went D. how far / had run17. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what
26、the matter is D. whats the matter 18. Can you tell me _?A. what are you doing B. where do you study C. what you were doing D. what to do it19. He asked his father _.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen20.No one tells us_，so we need your help.A. how we sh
27、ould do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it 直击中考1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell_ _. .A. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the wayC. where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate2. -What time will M
28、r. Brown be back to China? -Sorry. I dont know _. . A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad3. -May I come in ? Im sorry I am late. -Come in, please. But could you please tell me _. ? A. why you are late again B. what were you doi
29、ng then C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me _. ? -Bus No.32 will take you right there. A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says that the Whites are on holi
30、day, but no one knows _ _. . A. where they have been B. where are they C. where are they from D. where they have gone6. -Do you know _the Capital Museum? -Next Friday. A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited7. He wanted to know _the English party.
31、A. when will we have B. when we will have C. when would we have D. when we would have8. I want to know _. . A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at9. -David, look at the man in whi
32、te over there. Can you tell me _. ? -He is a doctor. A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is11. -I wonder _ without water -About a week. A. how long man can live B. how long can man live C. when man can live D. when can man live 宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1.参考答案D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。2. 参考答案D宾语从句
33、用陈述语序，where作从句的宾语。3. 参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，where表示地点。4. 参考答案A if表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。5. 参考答案B 有or not， 所以用whether.6. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序.7. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序,who 作从句的宾语。8. 参考答案A whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。9. 参考答案A 宾语从句用陈述语序。10. 参考答案D 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。11. 参考答案C if连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。12. 参考答案B wh
34、ose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。13. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序。14. 参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。15. 参考答案C 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。16. 参考答案B 有or not就用whether.17. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序, 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态。18. 参考答案B 没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选B就是没有人做什么，us后面是宾语从句，而us是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以 C选项缺少宾语从句的主
35、语，应选B.19. 参考答案D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。What做to do 的宾语。20. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。 能力提高练习参考答案1. 参考答案D. 前一个if引导宾语从句，表示选择“是否”，后一个if引导的是条件状语从句表示将来的动作，所以用主将从现。2. 参考答案D. 我不知道后天他是否回来，宾语从句用陈述语序。 3. 参考答案D. where表示地点，最近的医院在哪里。4. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序，已经说了是修理录音机，所以不用what, 而用how.5. 参考答案D宾语从句用
36、陈述语序，whom作照顾的宾语。6. 参考答案A 主句用现在时态，从句不受限制，住在哪里用一般现在时，宾语从句用陈述语序。7. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，从句是客观事实，用一般现在时。8. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序。9. 参考答案B宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做主语。10. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做宾语。11. 参考答案C. 因为后面的从句是说他将回家，所以前面应该是我不知道他什么时间回家。12. 参考答案B. B是陈述语序，D可以用where you live或which you live in.13. 参考答案B. 宾语从句用陈述语序，what在宾
37、语从句中做said的宾语。14. 参考答案A. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根据事实用相应的时态。15. 参考答案C. 客观真理用一般现在时态。16. 参考答案D. 距离多远一般用how far，go是个瞬间动词，所以应该用可以表示持续动作的动词。17. 参考答案A. 主句是过去时态，从句要用过去的相应时态，所以C、D排除。What作宾语从句的主语。18. 参考答案D. what作动词不定式的真正宾语。19. 参考答案C. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是一般过去时态，从句也用过去时态。20. 参考答案C. 因为不知怎样做，所以需要你的帮助，如果是不知道做什么，会有人告诉你做什么的。如
38、果对主语提问，则特殊疑问句的语序不变。21. 参考答案C. 如果对主语提问，则特殊疑问句的语序不变。22. 参考答案C. 后面有or not时，前面只能用whether.23. 参考答案C. 后面有or not时，前面只能用whether.24. 参考答案C. 在哪里买的电视，肯定是买回来了，所以应该用一般过去时，主句用现在时，从句可用任何时态。25. 参考答案D. 又一个五年之后，应用another.它将会变成什么样子，所以应用what.26. 参考答案B. 宾语从句用陈述语序，has gone to表示已经去了，现在还在那里，has been to表示曾经去过，现在不在那里。27. 参考答
39、案C. 宾语从句用陈述语序，后面if引导条件状语从句，用主将从现时态。28. 参考答案A. tomorrow时间状语表明宾语从句用一般将来时，后一个句子是if引导的条件状语从句，所以用主将从现。29. 参考答案D. when引导时间状语从句，表示将来的动作，用主从现。30. 参考答案A. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根据事实选择时态。31. 参考答案D 主句用一般过去时，所以从句的时态必须是过去的相应时态，宾语从句用陈述语序。32. 参考答案B 宾语从句用陈述语序，后面的时态是一般现在时，所以从句的时态也可以是一般现在时态。33. 参考答案A how many people在从句
40、中作主语，宾语从句用陈述语序。34. 参考答案D 我想知道他的名字是什么。His name作主语，what在从句中作宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序。35. 参考答案D 他问我，我怎么了。What在从句中作主语，with me 作伴随状语，宾语从句用陈述语序。36. 参考答案B 你还记得在会上的时候，吉姆说什么了吗？what作从句的宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序。37. 参考答案D 用where就不用the way了，所以排除A、C。which作从句的主语，宾语从句用陈述语序。38. 参考答案C 用多久时间一般都用how long提问，it在从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to get there. 宾语从句
41、用陈述语序.39. 参考答案C 你知道他教什么科目吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。40. 参考答案A 主句是一般过去时，所以从句只能是过去的相应时态，宾语从句用陈述语序。41. 参考答案C 你知道那里发生什么了吗？不可能一只发生也不可能是被发生，所以只能是正在发生，宾语从句用陈述语序。42. 参考答案A 由后面的答语可知，问的是时间，所以用when.43. 参考答案A 宾语从句用陈述语序。后面有时间状语tomorrow，所以从句用一般将来时。44. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，他住在哪里是表示状态的，所以用一般现在时态，又因live是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，必须加个介词才可以，in the
42、room, 所以后用介词in.45. 参考答案D 由1.75 meters得知，是问他有多高，所以用how tall.46. 参考答案C 主句用一般过去时态，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为在说话的时候，已经写了信，动作发生在过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时态。47. 参考答案C 宾语从句中缺少waiting for 的宾语，所以应该用宾格whom.48. 参考答案D 我不知道他是否还住这里。因为不确定，所以应该用whether.49. 参考答案A what在宾语从句中做said的宾语。50. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选C的意思就是我非常想知道他一直被忙，不应用被动语态，D选项是合理的
43、。51. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序。52. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序。53. 参考答案C 同上。54. 参考答案C 她想知道她妈妈是否喜欢这个礼物。Which表示哪个她妈妈，that只起连接作用，她想知道她妈妈喜欢这个礼物，想知道就应该是不确定，what已有the present，所以不对，if是否。55. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序，D选项太中式话了，可用where 或how 来提问。56. 参考答案C 因为有next week, 所以应用一般将来时，宾语从句用陈述语序，后面有if条件状语从句表将来，所以用主将从现。57. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序。58. 参考答案B 主句用一般过去时态，从句要用过去的相应时态，宾语从句中用陈