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1、高考英语语法复习定语从句知识讲解练习1.定语从句定义定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用He is a man who likes travelling and reading.和主句关系密切，不用逗号隔开，去掉主句,句子不完整。2. 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰作用(先行词与定语从句之间用逗号隔开)The house, which I bought last year, has a beautiful garden.也可以对主句起修饰作用He was late again, which made his t
2、eacher angry.和主句关系不密切，用逗号分开，去掉主句，句子完整。2.先行词先行词是被定语从句修饰的成分。先行词可以是名词、代词或整个主句。先行词是指人时，可用that, who, whom, whoseThis is the person ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.先行词是指物时，可用which, that, whoseI like to live in a room that / which has a window facing south.3.关系词关系词：关系代词和关系副词两种关系代词：that, which, who, whom,
3、 whose, as在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语先行词是指人时，可用关系代词：that, who, whom, whoseThis is the person ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.先行词是指物时，可用关系代词：which, that, whoseI like to live in a room that / which has a window facing south.I like to live in a room whose window faces south.=I like to live in a room of which th
4、e window faces south.=I like to live in a room the window of which faces south.关系副词：when, where, why 在从句中作状语先行词是表示时间的名词时，可用when, in which, on which等；I never forget the day when / on which I came to this school.先行词是表示地点的名词时，可用where, in which, at which等；The factory where / in which his father works is
5、 far from here.This is the factory where /in which he works.如果定语从句修饰point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导We have reached a point where a change is needed.区分：theres one point that we must insist on.先行词是表示原因的名词时，可用why, for which等。I dont know the reason why / for which you were absent
6、.The reason why / for which he was absent was that he was ill.4.指物时，只用that 的情况(1)当先行词everything, nothing, something, anything, all, much, little, few, none, no one等词修饰时She did all that she could to help us.(2)当先行词 被the only，the very等修饰时This is the very book that I want.(3)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is t
7、he best book that I have ever read.(4)当先行词中既有人又有物The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .(5) 一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中关系代词用了which, 另一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.(6) 疑问词是who / which开头的句子中Who is the man that is standing at
8、 the gate?Which is the book that you like best?(7) 在从句中作表语时He is not the person that he used to be.5.指物时，只用which 的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中.He was late again, which made his teacher angry.（2）关系代词的前面有介词时.This is the house in which he once lived?（3）一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that时Let me show you the novel that
9、 I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.（4）关系代词后面带有插入语时Heres the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.（5）先行词本身是that时Whats that which she is interested in?（6）先行词是those+复数名词时A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell well.6.指人时，只用who 的情况（1
10、）先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时Anyone who (=Whoever)breaks the law should be punished.Those who are late for work should be fined 200 yuan.（2）在There be 结构中There is a person at the gate who wants to see you .（3）在非限定性定语从句中指人时Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad.（4
11、）当先行词有较长的后置定语时I met a foreigner in the shopping mall yesterday who could speak Chinese fluently.（5）一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that 时The person I want to learn from is the one who is kind and helpful.7.as引导的定语从句 1.As 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。 常用于以下句型：such/so.as. 像.一样 the same .as 和.一样He
12、is such a kind person as we all like.区分：such/so.that.He is such a kind person that we all like him.2.引导非限制性定语从句，意思是“正如，像”可以放在句首，句中或句末。常用结构as we all know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）; as we all can see（正如我们看到的）Taiwan is part of China, as is known to all.As is known to
13、 all, Taiwan is part of China.区分：the same.as.和 the same.that.This is the same bike that I lost yesterday.(同一事物)This is the same bike as I lost yesterday.（同类事物）8.which 与 as 引导的定语从句1.相同点两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。The speech was cancelled, as / which was exactly what we w
14、anted.He was a teacher, as / which I knew from his manner.2.不同点（1）as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。As is known to all, fish cant live without water.（2）在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。She told me she passed the exam, which was a lie.The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figu
15、re.9.几个特殊的先行词(1) 先行词way在定语从句中做状语时The way in which / that / 不填 he teaches English to us is quite simple.(2)先行词time 表“次数”时，用关系代词thatThis is the first time that I have seen such a big frog.先行词time 表“一段时间” 时，用关系副词whenThis was the time when we stay together.(3)先行词reason在定语从句中作状语时This is the reason why /
16、for which / that / 不填 he is absent.区分：Is this the reason that / which / 不填 he explained to us for his absence .10.关系代词的省略(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the lovely girl (whom / that) I once loved.(可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the person (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可省
17、略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.区分：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.11.定语从句的主谓一致(1)当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，用复数形式He is one of the students who work hard.(2) 当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，用单数形式He is the only one of the students who works hard.(3)先
18、行词是整个句子，用单数形式Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.12.高考真题1.（2024年全国I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retra
19、cing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.2.（2024年全国II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating（纪念）Tang Xianzu, _ is known as the Shakespeare of Asia, add an international character to
20、 Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeares hometown.3.（2023年全国I卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.4.(2023年全国II卷)But for all its ancient buildi
21、ngs, Beijing is also a place _ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.5.(2022年全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _ live within the Giant Panda R
22、ange and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.6.(2022年北京卷)That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of _ are only good for one use.7.（2021年全国II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company_ used a lot of plastic, Id send it an email urging it to cut back.8.(2022年天津卷）Guide boo
23、ks are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, _ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.A.for which B.with which C.for whom D.with whom9.（2021年天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _ we can learn without repeating them.A.from which B.in which
24、 C.with whom D.for whom10.（2021年天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.A.where B.which C.that D.when11.（2019年江苏卷）We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A.which B.what C.when D.that12.（2019年天津卷）Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A.why B.where C.which D.what【答案】1.that / which2.who 3.where 4.that / which5.that 6.which 7.that / which8.C9.A10.A11.C12.B5