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1、肾病风湿免疫科英文文献学习张鹏远 2019.7.32024/6/151看一篇文献的步骤2024/6/1521题目和目录2前言(引言)Introduction3结果 Results4讨论 Discussion 题目2024/6/153在接受腹膜透析的患者中,血清白蛋白较低水平与残余肾功能丧失的风险增加有关。2024/6/154 AbstractPreserving residual kidney function(RKF)is important in the management of patients on peritoneal dialysis.保留残余肾功能(RKF)对腹膜透析患者的治疗
2、具有重要意义。However,few studies have examined the association between serum albumin level and the risk of RKF loss.然而,很少有研究探讨血清白蛋白水平与RKF丢失风险之间的相关性We prospectively recruited 104 patients who initiated peritoneal dialysis treatment at our hospital between 2006 and 2016.我们研究纳入了2006年至2016年在我院接受腹膜透析治疗的104例患者。
3、The primary outcome was complete RKF loss,defined as urine volume 100 mL/day.主要结果为RKF完全丧失,即尿量100 mL/d。Serum albumin level at baseline was the main exposure.血清白蛋白水平为主要影响因素。Our findings suggest that hypoalbuminemia is associated with an increased risk of RKF loss in patients with peritoneal dialysis.我
4、们的研究结果表明,低白蛋白血症与腹膜透析患者RKF丢失风险增加有关。1.此问题的由来(历史)2.此问题的研究进展(现状)3.引申出作者的研究动机(思路)2024/6/155Introduction此问题的由来(历史)2024/6/156Preserving residual kidney function(RKF)is of primary importance in the management of patients undergoing eritoneal dialysis(PD)保留残余肾功能(RKF)是接受腹膜透析(PD)治疗的患者的首要任务。Lower RKF is associa
5、ted with an increased risk for morbidity and mortality in the PD population 低RKF与PD人群中发病率和死亡率增加的风险相关Several risk factors for RKF loss have been identified RKF损失的几个危险因素已经被确定To improve life expectancy in thispopulation,it is very important to identify modifiable risk factors for RKF loss.为了提高这一人群的预期寿命
6、,确定可改变的RKF损失风险因素非常重要。此问题的研究进展(现状)Serum albumin is a simple but useful marker of nutritional status and inflammation in patients on PD 血清白蛋白是PD患者营养状况和炎症的一个简单而有用的指标Serum albumin predicts mortality in PD patients血清白蛋白预测PD患者的死亡率Observational studies have found an association between lower serum albumin
7、level and increased risk for end-stage kidney disease in the general population and in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy 观察性研究发现,血清白蛋白水平降低与一般人群、2型糖尿病和肾病患者终末期肾病风险增加之间存在关联。Because PD is considered an extension of the pre-dialysis CKD period,it is plausible that serum albumin level may also
8、 be a predictor of CKD progression and that PD patients with lower serum albumin levels are more likely than patients with higher levels to lose RKF.由于PD被认为是透析前CKD期的延长,因此血清白蛋白水平也可能是CKD进展的预测因子,而血清白蛋白水平较低的PD患者比血清白蛋白水平较高的PD患者更有可能失去RKF。然而,目前还不清楚血清白蛋白水平降低是否与PD患者RKF丢失风险增加有关。2024/6/157引申出作者的研究动机(思路)The pur
9、pose of the present study was to investigate whether a lower serum albumin level at baseline predicts RKF loss in PD patients.本研究的目的是探讨血清白蛋白水平较低是否预示PD患者RKF的降低In this single-center,prospective,observational study,we used multivariable-adjusted regression analysis to determine the association between
10、serum albumin level and the risk for complete RKF loss and RKF decline in PD patients.在这项单中心、前瞻性、观察性研究中,我们使用多变量调整回归分析来确定PD患者血清白蛋白水平与RKF完全丧失和RKF下降风险之间的关系。We also compared the ability of serum albumin versus the geriatric nutritional risk index(GNRI)to predict RKF loss,because GNRI is a useful index c
11、alculated with albumin and body weight and is generally considered a better surrogate marker for nutritional status and mortality than serum albumin alone.还比较了血清白蛋白与老年营养风险指数(GNRI)预测RKF损失的能力,因为GNRI是用白蛋白和体重计算的有用指数,通常被认为是比单独使用血清白蛋白更好的营养状况和死亡率的替代指标。2024/6/158材料和研究设计2024/6/159患者按血清白蛋白水平分为:T1,血清白蛋白3.4 g/d
12、L;T2,血清白蛋白3.4,3.0 g/dL;T3,血清白蛋白3.0 g/dL。2024/6/1510 残余肾功能丧失的生存率。2024/6/15112024/6/1512RESULTS结果果2024/6/15131.Baseline characteristics of each group stratified according to serum albumin level2.Event-free survival stratified according to tertile based on baseline serum albumin3.Association between se
13、rum albumin level and risk of RKF loss4.Restricted cubic spline curve on the association between serum albumin level and risk of RKF loss.5.Effect modifications according to baseline characteristics.6.Association between GNRI and RKF loss and comparison of predictive ability of serum albumin level v
14、ersus GNRI.7.Association between serum albumin level and rate of RKF decline结果1.纳入患者的直线特征见表1。患者平均年龄55岁,67%为男性,36%为糖尿病肾病。研究人群血清白蛋白水平分布如图1所示。平均血清白蛋白水平为3.1 g/dL(范围为2.0-4.5 g/dL)。根据基线血清白蛋白水平核定的患者临床特征见表2。除肾Kt/V尿素和血清白蛋白外,三组间基线特征无显著差异。肾Kt/V尿素与血清白蛋白水平呈显著的剂量-反应关系(p值趋势0.05)。2.中位随访24个月,33例患者(31.7%)RKF丢失:T1组6例,
15、T2组9例,T3组18例。Kaplan-Meier分析显示,T2、T3组RKF丢失发生率明显高于T1组(图2)。3.如表3所示,随着基线血清白蛋白水平的降低,RKF损失发展的非调整、年龄和性别调整的HRs呈线性增加(P 0.05);调整糖尿病肾病、收缩压、肾腹膜Kt/V尿素、蛋白尿等混杂因素后,RKF损失的HRs随血清白蛋白水平下降呈线性增加(P 0.05);在对混杂因素进行调整后,血清白蛋白水平每下降1 g/dL,RKF损失的风险就增加3.24倍;即使在添加血清c反应蛋白水平、尿量、腹膜转运体类型以及icodextrin作为混杂因素后,这种相关性仍具有统计学意义2024/6/1514结果4.
16、为了确定血清白蛋白水平与RKF丢失风险之间是否存在非线性关系,我们建立了一个多变量调整的限制性三次样条曲线。如图3所示,在纳入患者的血清白蛋白水平范围内(2.5-4.5 g/dL),血清白蛋白水平与RKF损失的HR呈线性关系。5.为了评估血清白蛋白水平与RKF损失之间的相关性是否与基线临床特征无关,我们使用根据基线特征分层的亚组分析(图4)来检验疗效的改变。RKF的丢失,血清白蛋白水平与基线参数如年龄、性别、终末期肾病病因、收缩压、尿量、尿蛋白水平等无显著影响(p值:0.180-0.927)6.GNRI与RKF丢失的关系及血清白蛋白水平与GNRI预测能力的比较7.血清白蛋白水平与RKF下降率的关系:作为关键性分析,我们还测定了血清白蛋白水平与24小时尿量下降率和肾Kt/V尿素下降率之间的关系。趋势分析结果如图7a所示,多变量调节的尿量下降率与血清白蛋白水平显著相关(趋势p值0.05,Jonckheere-Terpstra检验)。同样,Kt/V尿素的下降速率(P=0.067)与血清白蛋白水平(P值趋势0.05)呈极显著的相关性(图7B)。当使用血清白蛋白作为连续变量时,每降低1 g/dL血清白蛋白水平与两种尿液的下降速度显著相关2024/6/1515讨论2024/6/15162024/6/15172024/6/1518