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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 26262-1Second edition2018-12 ISO 2018Road vehicles Functional safety Part 1:VocabularyVhicules routiers Scurit fonctionnelle Partie 1: VocabulaireReference number ISO 26262-1:2018(E)ISO 26262-1:2018(E) ISO 2018COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENTAll rights reserved. Unless otherwis
2、e specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission ca
3、n be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCP 401 Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Phone: +41 22 749 01 11Fax: +41 22 749 09 47Email: copyrightiso.orgWebsite: www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandContentsPageF
4、orewordivIntroductionvi1 Scope12 Normative references13 Terms and definitions14 Abbreviated terms28Bibliography33vii ISO 2018 All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of pr
5、eparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, i
6、n liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IE
7、C Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility
8、that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent
9、 declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does notconstitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformi
10、ty assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles Subcommittee, SC 32,Ele
11、ctrical and electronic components and general system aspects.This edition of ISO 26262 series of standards cancels and replaces the edition ISO 26262:2011 series ofstandards, which has been technically revised and includes the following main changes: requirements for trucks, buses, trailers and semi
12、-trailers; extension of the vocabulary; more detailed objectives; objective oriented confirmation measures; management of safety anomalies; references to cyber security; updated target values for hardware architecture metrics; guidance on model based development and software safety analysis; evaluat
13、ion of hardware elements; additional guidance on dependent failure analysis; guidance on fault tolerance, safety-related special characteristics and software tools; guidance for semiconductors; requirements for motorcycles; and general restructuring of all parts for improved clarity.Any feedback or
14、questions on this document should be directed to the users national standards body. Acomplete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html. A list of all parts in the ISO 26262 series can be found on the ISO website.IntroductionThe ISO 26262 series of standards is the adaptation
15、of IEC 61508 series of standards to address thesector specific needs of electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems within road vehicles.This adaptation applies to all activities during the safety lifecycle of safety-related systems comprised of electrical, electronic and software components.Safety i
16、s one of the key issues in the development of road vehicles. Development and integration of automotive functionalities strengthen the need for functional safety and the need to provide evidence that functional safety objectives are satisfied.With the trend of increasing technological complexity, sof
17、tware content and mechatronic implementation, there are increasing risks from systematic failures and random hardware failures, these being considered within the scope of functional safety. ISO 26262 series of standards includes guidance to mitigate these risks by providing appropriate requirements
18、and processes.To achieve functional safety, the ISO 26262 series of standards:a) provides a reference for the automotive safety lifecycle and supports the tailoring of the activities to be performed during the lifecycle phases, i.e., development, production, operation, service and decommissioning;b)
19、 provides an automotive-specific risk-based approach to determine integrity levels Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs);c) uses ASILs to specify which of the requirements of ISO 26262 are applicable to avoid unreasonable residual risk;d) provides requirements for functional safety management,
20、design, implementation, verification, validation and confirmation measures; ande) provides requirements for relations between customers and suppliers.The ISO 26262 series of standards is concerned with functional safety of E/E systems that is achieved through safety measures including safety mechani
21、sms. It also provides a framework within which safety-related systems based on other technologies (e.g. mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic) can be considered.The achievement of functional safety is influenced by the development process (including such activities as requirements specification, desig
22、n, implementation, integration, verification, validation and configuration), the production and service processes and the management processes.Safety is intertwined with common function-oriented and quality-oriented activities and work products. The ISO 26262 series of standards addresses the safety
23、-related aspects of these activities and work products.Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the ISO 26262 series of standards. The ISO 26262 series of standards is based upon a V-model as a reference process model for the different phases of product development. Within the figure: the shaded “V”s
24、 represent the interconnection among ISO 26262-3, ISO 26262-4, ISO 26262-5, ISO 26262-6 and ISO 26262-7; for motorcycles: ISO 26262-12:2018, Clause 8 supports ISO 26262-3; ISO 26262-12:2018, Clauses 9 and 10 support ISO 26262-4; the specific clauses are indicated in the following manner: “m-n”, wher
25、e “m” represents the numberof the particular part and “n” indicates the number of the clause within that part.EXAMPLE“2-6” represents ISO 26262-2:2018, Clause 6.Figure 1 Overview of the ISO 26262 series of standardsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 26262-1:2018(E)Road vehicles Functional safety Part 1:Vocab
26、ulary1 ScopeThis document is intended to be applied to safety-related systems that include one or more electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems and that are installed in series production road vehicles, excluding mopeds. This document does not address unique E/E systems in special vehicles such as
27、 E/E systems designed for drivers with disabilities.NOTE Other dedicated application-specific safety standards exist and can complement the ISO 26262 seriesof standards or vice versa.Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior
28、 to the publication date of this document, are exempted from the scope of this edition. This document addresses alterations to existing systems and their components released for production prior to the publication of this document by tailoring the safety lifecycle depending on the alteration. This d
29、ocument addresses integration of existing systems not developed according to this document and systems developed according to this document by tailoring the safety lifecycle.This document addresses possible hazards caused by malfunctioning behaviour of safety-related E/E systems, including interacti
30、on of these systems. It does not address hazards related to electric shock, fire, smoke, heat, radiation, toxicity, flammability, reactivity, corrosion, release of energy and similar hazards, unless directly caused by malfunctioning behaviour of safety-related E/E systems.This document describes a f
31、ramework for functional safety to assist the development of safety- related E/E systems. This framework is intended to be used to integrate functional safety activities into a company-specific development framework. Some requirements have a clear technical focus to implement functional safety into a
32、 product; others address the development process and can therefore be seen as process requirements in order to demonstrate the capability of an organization with respect to functional safety.This document defines the vocabulary of terms used in the ISO 26262 series of standards.2 Normative reference
33、sThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appli
34、es.ISO 26262 (all parts), Road vehicles Functional safety3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 26262 (all parts) and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO
35、 Online browsing platform: available at https:/www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/1 ISO 2018 All rights reserved3.1architecturerepresentation of the structure of the item (3.84) or element (3.41) that allows identification of building blocks, their boundaries a
36、nd interfaces, and includes the allocation of requirements to these building blocks3.2ASIL capabilitycapability of the item (3.84) or element (3.41) to meet assumed safety (3.132) requirements assignedwith a given ASIL (3.6)Note 1 to entry: As a part of hardware safety requirements, achievement of t
37、he corresponding random hardware target values for fault metrics (see ISO 26262-5:2018, Clauses 8 and 9) allocated to the element (3.41) is included, if needed.3.3ASIL decompositionapportioning of redundant safety (3.132) requirements to elements (3.41), with sufficient independence (3.78), conducin
38、g to the same safety goal (3.139), with the objective of reducing the ASIL (3.6) of the redundant safety (3.132) requirements that are allocated to the corresponding elements (3.41)Note 1 to entry: ASIL decomposition is a basis for methods of ASIL (3.6) tailoring during the design process(defined as
39、 requirements decomposition with respect to ASIL (3.6) tailoring in ISO 26262-9).Note 2 to entry: ASIL decomposition does not apply to random hardware failure requirements per ISO 26262-9. Note 3 to entry: Reducing the ASIL (3.6) of the redundant safety (3.132) requirements has some exclusions, e.g.
40、confirmation measures (3.23) remain at the level of the safety goal (3.139).3.4assessmentexamination of whether a characteristic of an item (3.84) or element (3.41) achieves the ISO 26262objectives3.5auditexamination of an implemented process with regard to the process objectives3.6automotive safety
41、 integrity level ASILone of four levels to specify the items (3.84) or elements (3.41) necessary ISO 26262 requirements and safety measures (3.141) to apply for avoiding an unreasonable risk (3.176), with D representing the most stringent and A the least stringent levelNote 1 to entry: QM (3.117) is
42、 not an ASIL.3.7availabilitycapability of a product to provide a stated function if demanded, under given conditions over its definedlifetime3.8base failure rate BFRfailure rate (3.53) of a hardware element (3.41) in a given application use case used as an input to safety(3.132) analysesISO 26262-1:
43、2018(E)3.9base vehicleOriginal Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) T&B vehicle configuration (3.175) prior to installation of body builder equipment (3.12)Note 1 to entry: Body builder equipment (3.12) may be installed on a base vehicle that consists of all drivingrelevant systems (3.163) (engine, drivelin
44、e, chassis, steering, brakes, cabin and driver information).EXAMPLETruck (3.174) chassis with powertrain and cabin, rolling chassis with powertrain.3.10baselineversion of the approved set of one or more work products (3.185), items (3.84) or elements (3.41) that serves as a basis for changeNote 1 to
45、 entry: See ISO 26262-8:2018, Clause 8.Note 2 to entry: A baseline is typically placed under configuration management.Note 3 to entry: A baseline is used as a basis for further development through the change management processduring the lifecycle (3.86).3.11body builder BBorganization that adds truc
46、ks (3.174), buses (3.14), trailers (3.171) and semi-trailers (3.151) (T&B)bodies, cargo carriers, or equipment to a base vehicle (3.9)Note 1 to entry: T&B bodies include truck (3.174) cabs, bus (3.14) bodies, walk-in vans, etc. Note 2 to entry: Cargo carriers include cargo boxes, flat beds, car tran
47、sport racks, etc.Note 3 to entry: Equipment includes vocational devices and machinery, such as cement mixers, dump beds, snow blades, lifts, etc.3.12body builder equipmentmachine, body, or cargo carrier installed on the T&B base vehicle (3.9)3.13branch coveragepercentage of branches of the control flow of a computer program executed during a testNote 1 to entry: 100 % branch coverage implies 100 % statement coverage (3.160).Note 2 to entry: An if-statement al