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1、中考英语语法知识讲解一、疑问代词(一)含义疑问代词就是表示疑问的代词,常常位于句首引导特殊疑问句。疑问代词指代的对象可以是人,也可以是物。Eg: What is your name?你叫什么名字?Where are you from?你来自哪里?(二)形式人称非人称名词性质Who,whom, whose, what, whichWhat; which形容词性质Whose,what, whichWhat, which(三)功能疑问代词在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语和定语等。Eg:Who passes the exam?谁通过了考试?(作主语)Which is the best boy?谁
2、是最好的男孩?(作表语)What are you doing?你正在干什么?(作宾语)What is the book used for?这些书用来做什么?(作介词宾语)Which class are you in?你在几班?(作定语)(四)常见疑问代词用法1.who, whom, whose的用法who是主格,译为“谁”;whom是宾格,译为“谁”;whose是属格,译为“谁的”。who和whom只有名词性质,而whose即可有名词性质,也可由形容词性质。Eg: Who is the boy?(作主语)那个男孩是谁?Whom are you writing to?(作宾语)你写信给谁呀?Wh
3、ose house is this?(作定语)这是谁的房子?2.what的用法疑问代词what即可有名词性质,又有形容词性质,即可指人,也可指物。可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。Eg: What made him success?(作主语)什么使他成功?What is the matter?(作表语)这么了?What do you do ?(作宾语)你是做什么的?What nationality are you?(作定语)你是哪国人?3.Which的用法which即有名词性质,也有形容词性质,即可指人,也可指物。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。Eg: Which is your seat?(作主
4、语)哪个是你的座位?Which is the first book?(作表语)哪个是第一本书?Which do you prefer,apples or pears?(作宾语)你喜欢哪一种,苹果还是梨?Which book do you like?(作定语)你喜欢哪本书?二、连接代词(一)连接代词常用来引导名词性从句。名词性从句分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。(二)常见连接代词1.who/whoever “(无论)谁”(主格) 在句中常作主语和表语Eg: Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(主语从句)任何人触犯法律,都应受到
5、惩罚。2.whom/whoever “(无论)谁” (宾格)在句中作宾语Eg: The boy is whom she is talking about?(表语从句)那个男孩是她正在谈话的人。3.whose “谁的”(所有格),在句中常作定语。Eg: I wonder whose pen is this.(宾语从句)我想知道这是谁的钢笔。4.what/ whatever “(无论)什么”在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。Eg: I dont know what you mean.(宾语从句)我不知道你什么意思。5.which “哪个”,在句中可作主、宾、定语。Eg: Which bus we
6、should take is still a question.(主语从句)我们应该乘坐哪辆公交车仍是个问题。三、关系代词(一)关系代词常用来引导定语从句。(二)常见关系代词1.who “谁”可作主语,指代人。Eg: This is the boy who helped me.(作主语)这就是帮我的那个男孩。2.whom “谁”可作宾语,指代人。Eg: Lily is the girl whom Miss.Liu met yesterday.(作宾语)丽丽就是昨天刘小姐见的人。3.whose “谁的”可作定语。Eg: This is the house whose windows face the south.(作定语)这就是那个窗户朝南的房子。4.which “哪个” 可作主语或宾语。Eg: This is the first place which I visited last time.(作宾语)这是我上次参观的第一个地方。I want the book which is on the shelf.(作主语)我想要架子上的那本书。(三)连接代词和关系代词异同点相同点: 二者皆用来引导从句。不同点:连接代词用来引导名词性从句,而关系代词用来引导定语从句。3