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1、代词的种类代词的种类人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词不定代词不定代词疑问代词疑问代词人称代词 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit数数格格人称人称主语 宾语 表语 系动词后面的部分就是表语1.1.句法功用句法功用(1)(1)人称代词的主格形式在句中作人称代词的主格形式在句中作主语主语等成等成分。分。eg:They are all good students.She is going to another city.her(2)(2)人称代词的宾格形式在句中作人称代词的
2、宾格形式在句中作宾语和表宾语和表语。语。egeg:Do you:Do you understandunderstand herher?宾语宾语宾语宾语 her name her name her name her name is Rachel.is Rachel.is Rachel.is Rachel.表语表语表语表语 We are waiting for you.宾语宾语 Open the door.ItOpen the door.It s s meme.It It is is me.me.2.2.注意事项注意事项如果同时出现多个人称代词,注意排序。(1 1)为了表示礼貌和谦虚,排列次序总是
3、习惯将为了表示礼貌和谦虚,排列次序总是习惯将第二人称、第三人称放在前面,将第一人称放在第二人称、第三人称放在前面,将第一人称放在后面。后面。单数单数 “二三一二三一 you you he/she/it Ihe/she/it I”Eg:He and I like green tea.You,she and I should help each other.注意事项注意事项(2)(2)如果是承担责任,说话者应把第一人称放在第如果是承担责任,说话者应把第一人称放在第一位。一位。egeg:I and Tom I and Tom broke the window.broke the window.(3)
4、(3)复数形式复数形式“一、二、三一、二、三”(we,you and theywe,you and they)egeg:We,you and they We,you and they should help each other.should help each other.单数人称代词单数人称代词 231 231 承担责任承担责任 123123复数形式复数形式 123123Exercise1._(我)am a teacher.2.My father is talking with _(我).3._(他)often plays basketball after school.4._(我们)bu
5、y a pair of shoes for _(他).We 主格 our 形容词性物主代词 us 宾格 himExerciseExercise1.Who taught _ maths last year?A.they B.their C.them D.theirstaught teach教的过去式teach sb.sth系动词后是表语2.Reading more helps _ learn better.A.We B.usC.our D.ours物主代词单数单数复数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物
6、主代词mineyourshis hersitsoursyourstheirs数数人称人称格格My book is on the desk,yours is on the table.=your book名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 用 法1.1.形容词性物主代词起形容词性物主代词起形容词形容词的作用,在句中只的作用,在句中只能作能作定语定语,即形容词性物主代词后面一定要接,即形容词性物主代词后面一定要接一个名词。一个名词。egeg:MyMy booksbooks are over there.are over there.I was looking for I was looking
7、 for mymy glassesglasses everywhere.everywhere.形容词性物主代词+名词(2)(2)名词性物主代词起名词作用,因名词性物主代词起名词作用,因此其后不能接名词。在句中可作主此其后不能接名词。在句中可作主语,表语,宾语。语,表语,宾语。eg:It isnt your ruler.Its mine.表语表语 Yours is in your desk.主语主语 your ruler I have lost my dictionary.Please lend me yours.宾语 your dictionary Exercise1.My book is b
8、lue._Yours_(you)is red.2.Our chair is better than _ chair(they).3.I will give the presents to_(they).4.These books are_(I),and those are_(you).反身代词第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称单数单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves人人称称数数习惯用语by oneself by oneself by oneself 独自的独自的独自的 enjoy
9、 oneself enjoy oneself enjoy oneself 玩的开心玩的开心玩的开心 teach oneself teach oneself teach oneself 自学自学自学 make oneself at home make oneself at home make oneself at home 无无无拘束拘束拘束 look after oneself look after oneself look after oneself 自己照顾自己自己照顾自己自己照顾自己say to oneself say to oneself say to oneself 自言自语;自言自
10、语;自言自语;暗自思量暗自思量暗自思量 ExerciseExercise5.We cant leave our grandparents by _.A.they B.themC.themself D.themselves6.Be careful with that knife,or youll cut _.A.himself B.ourselvesC.yourself D.themselves人称代词,物主代词,反身代词总表 指示代词指示代词“这个这个这个这个”“”“”“”“那个那个那个那个”“这些这些这些这些”“”“”“”“那些那些那些那些”this 指在时间上或空间上离说话人指在时间上或空
11、间上离说话人较较 近的人或物。近的人或物。thesethat 指在时间上或空间上离说话人指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。较远的人或物。those用法1.1.this,thatthis,that用于指代单数名词;用于指代单数名词;these,thosethese,those用于用于指代复数可数。指代复数可数。eg:This is my book,and these are yours.Those cars are made in China.2.this/these2.this/these2.this/these2.this/these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物而一般指时间或空间上较
12、近的人或物而一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物而一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物而 that/those that/those that/those that/those常指时间上或空间上离说话人较远的常指时间上或空间上离说话人较远的常指时间上或空间上离说话人较远的常指时间上或空间上离说话人较远的 人或物。人或物。人或物。人或物。eg:This present is for you and that one is for your mom.We are very happy these days.3.3.为了避免重复,可用为了避免重复,可用that/thosethat/those用来指代前面提用来指
13、代前面提 到的名词。到的名词。eg:This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday.The vegetables in this store are cheaper than those in that store.4.this4.this,thatthat在电话用语中可以指自己和对方。在电话用语中可以指自己和对方。eg:A:Is that Mr.Smith speaking?B:Who is that?A:This is Mary,Mr.Smith.疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词用来表达疑问或构成用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代
14、词。疑问句的代词。主格宾格所有格指人whowhomWhose指物whatWhatWhose指人或物whichwhichWhose指代格WhoWho是主格,用于询问别人的姓名、身份或关系,是主格,用于询问别人的姓名、身份或关系,在句中作主语或表语;在句中作主语或表语;whomwhom是宾格,在句中作宾语是宾格,在句中作宾语。Eg:who put the light out?Who is that girl?Whom/who did you meet last night?Whom is Tom talking about?1.Who 1.Who 和和whomwhom的用法的用法WhoseWhos
15、e既可以作名词用,也可以作形容词用既可以作名词用,也可以作形容词用。EgEg :whose book is this?whose is the desk?2.Whose 2.Whose 的用法的用法What What 既可以作名词用,也可以作形容词用。既可以作名词用,也可以作形容词用。EgEg :What makes him so happy?what class does he teach?what is she?what are you doing?3.What 3.What 的用法的用法WhichWhich表示在一定范围内选择,意为表示在一定范围内选择,意为“哪一个哪一个”,回答通常为一
16、个。,回答通常为一个。EgEg :This is mine.Which is yours?which of you is the oldest?which would you like,tea or coffee?which book is more interesting?4.Which 4.Which 的用法的用法不定代词不定代词 不明确指代某个人或某些人、某个事物或某些事物不明确指代某个人或某些人、某个事物或某些事物 的代词。的代词。1表示不确定的人或事物的不定代词表示不确定的人或事物的不定代词one 某人或事物某人或事物 some 某个某些某个某些 any 任何一个任何一个no 没有没
17、有 each/every 每个每个 none 没有没有other 别的别的 another另一个另一个 something 某事某事 somebody/someone 某人某人anybody/anyone 任何一个人任何一个人everybody/everyone 每个人每个人nobody/no one 没有人没有人2表示不确定的数量的不定代词表示不确定的数量的不定代词 many 许多许多 much 许多许多 few 很少很少 little 很少很少 most 大部分大部分 all 全部全部3表示不确定的选择的不定代词表示不确定的选择的不定代词either 两者中的任意一个两者中的任意一个 ne
18、ither 两者中没有一个两者中没有一个none 三者或三者以上三者或三者以上 不定代词不定代词不明确指代某个人、不明确指代某个人、某些人或某些事物某些人或某些事物的代词。的代词。常见不定代词的用法和辨析:常见不定代词的用法和辨析:1.1.Some,anySome,any2.2.many,muchmany,much3.3.both,all,either,neitherboth,all,either,neither4.4.none,noonenone,noone5.5.few,afew,little,alittlefew,afew,little,alittle6.6.each,everyeach
19、,every7.7.it,one,thatit,one,that8.8.other,anotherother,another1.1.SomeSomeSomeSome和和和和 anyanyanyanySomeSomeSomeSome和和和和anyanyanyany均表示均表示均表示均表示“一些一些一些一些”。e.g.:Therearesometreesbehindthehouse.e.g.:Therearesometreesbehindthehouse.e.g.:Therearesometreesbehindthehouse.e.g.:Therearesometreesbehindthehous
20、e.Doyouhaveanyquestions?Doyouhaveanyquestions?Doyouhaveanyquestions?Doyouhaveanyquestions?Wouldyoulikesometea?Wouldyoulikesometea?Wouldyoulikesometea?Wouldyoulikesometea?Youmaygothereanytime.Youmaygothereanytime.Youmaygothereanytime.Youmaygothereanytime.注意注意(1 1 1 1)somesomesomesome和和和和anyanyanyany都
21、可以表示都可以表示都可以表示都可以表示“一些一些一些一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。修饰不可数名词。修饰不可数名词。修饰不可数名词。(2 2 2 2)somesomesomesome一般用于肯定句中,一般用于肯定句中,一般用于肯定句中,一般用于肯定句中,anyanyanyany多用于疑问多用于疑问多用于疑问多用于疑问句和条件句中。句和条件句中。句和条件句中。句和条件句中。(3 3 3 3)在疑问句中,若要表示说话人希望得)在疑问句中,若要表示说话人希望得)在疑问句中,若要表示说话人希望得)在疑
22、问句中,若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或者表示请求、建议时用到肯定的回答或者表示请求、建议时用到肯定的回答或者表示请求、建议时用到肯定的回答或者表示请求、建议时用somesomesomesome。anyanyanyany也用于肯定句中,表示也用于肯定句中,表示也用于肯定句中,表示也用于肯定句中,表示“任何任何任何任何”。2.many2.many2.many2.many和和和和 muchmuchmuchmuch两者都表示两者都表示两者都表示两者都表示“许多,大量许多,大量许多,大量许多,大量”。e.g.TherearesomanybooksthatIe.g.Therearesomanybook
23、sthatIe.g.TherearesomanybooksthatIe.g.TherearesomanybooksthatIdontknowwhichtochoose.dontknowwhichtochoose.dontknowwhichtochoose.dontknowwhichtochoose.IIIIvevevevegottoomuchworktodo.gottoomuchworktodo.gottoomuchworktodo.gottoomuchworktodo.注意注意(1 1 1 1)many many many many 修饰可数名词;修饰可数名词;修饰可数名词;修饰可数名词;(
24、2 2 2 2)muchmuchmuchmuch修饰不可数名词;修饰不可数名词;修饰不可数名词;修饰不可数名词;(3 3 3 3)两者都可以与表示程度的副词)两者都可以与表示程度的副词)两者都可以与表示程度的副词)两者都可以与表示程度的副词 so,so,so,so,too,howtoo,howtoo,howtoo,how连用。连用。连用。连用。3.both3.both3.both3.both,allallallall(1)both表示“两者都”。e.g.Bothplansaregood.e.g.Bothplansaregood.e.g.Bothplansaregood.e.g.Bothplan
25、saregood.BothsheandIarestudents.BothsheandIarestudents.BothsheandIarestudents.BothsheandIarestudents.(2)all“表示三者或三者以上都”。e.g.Theyallagreetostayhere.e.g.Theyallagreetostayhere.e.g.Theyallagreetostayhere.e.g.Theyallagreetostayhere.Allofusdontliketea.Allofusdontliketea.Allofusdontliketea.Allofusdontlike
26、tea.注意注意(1 1 1 1)bothbothbothboth表示表示表示表示“两者都两者都两者都两者都”,常与,常与,常与,常与andandandand连用,作主语时,谓语用复数。连用,作主语时,谓语用复数。连用,作主语时,谓语用复数。连用,作主语时,谓语用复数。(2 2 2 2)both both both both 和和和和allallallall在句中作主语时,若在句中作主语时,若在句中作主语时,若在句中作主语时,若与否定的谓语连用,则表示部分否定,与否定的谓语连用,则表示部分否定,与否定的谓语连用,则表示部分否定,与否定的谓语连用,则表示部分否定,意为意为意为意为“不都是不都是不
27、都是不都是.”,不能译为不能译为不能译为不能译为“都不都不都不都不是是是是.”.4.either,neither4.either,neither4.either,neither4.either,neither(1)either表示“两个当中的任意一个”;e.g.Wouldyoulikeeitherofthesee.g.Wouldyoulikeeitherofthesee.g.Wouldyoulikeeitherofthesee.g.Wouldyoulikeeitherofthese?Ihaventreadeitherofthese(books)Ihaventreadeitherofthese(
28、books)Eitheryouorheisright.Eitheryouorheisright.(2)neither 表示表示“两者都不两者都不”。e.g.neitherofushasbeentoBeijing.e.g.neitherofushasbeentoBeijing.e.g.neitherofushasbeentoBeijing.e.g.neitherofushasbeentoBeijing.Sheisneitherclevernorhardworking.Sheisneitherclevernorhardworking.Sheisneitherclevernorhardworking
29、.Sheisneitherclevernorhardworking.注意注意(1 1)eithereither指两个中的任意一个,指两个中的任意一个,常与常与oror搭配,搭配,eithereither.or.or指指“不是不是.就是就是.”.(2 2)neitherneither指指“两个人或物中一个也不两个人或物中一个也不”,常与,常与nornor一起搭配。一起搭配。NeitherNeither.nor.nor.“既不既不也不也不.”.(3)Either(3)Either.or.or和和 neitherneither.nor.nor.连接的并列结构作主语时,谓语动词应该连接的并列结构作主语
30、时,谓语动词应该与离它近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。与离它近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。常见不定代词的用法和辨析:常见不定代词的用法和辨析:1.1.none,noonenone,noone2.2.each,everyeach,every3.3.it,one,thatit,one,that4.4.other,anotherother,another5.few,afew,little,alittle5.few,afew,little,alittle5.few,afew,little,alittle5.few,afew,little,alittle1.None1.None1.None1.None,n
31、oonenoonenoonenoone1).none表示“三者或三者以上都不”;e.g.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.e.g.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.e.g.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.e.g.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.Noneoftheseclothesfit/fitsmewell.Noneoftheseclothesfit/fitsmewell.Noneoftheseclothesfit/fitsmewell.Noneoftheseclothesfit/fitsmewell.Howmanystudentsa
32、rethereintheroom?Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?Isthereanywaterinthecup?Isthereanywaterinthecup?Isthereanywaterinthecup?Isthereanywaterinthecup?
33、(2)no one表示“没有一个人”;e.g.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.e.g.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.e.g.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.e.g.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.Whoisintheroom?Whoisintheroom?Whoisintheroom?Whoisintheroom?Noone.Noone.Noone.Noone.Isthereanyoneintheroom?Isthereanyoneintheroom?Isthere
34、anyoneintheroom?Isthereanyoneintheroom?Noone.Noone.Noone.Noone.注意注意(1 1)nonenone既可以独立使用,也可既可以独立使用,也可以与以与ofof连用。连用。(2 2)nonenone指代人或物,既可以代替可数名指代人或物,既可以代替可数名词单复数,也可以代替不可数名词。词单复数,也可以代替不可数名词。(3)No one(3)No one 只指人,只指人,不与不与ofof连用。谓语用连用。谓语用单数。一般回答以单数。一般回答以whowho引导的特殊疑问句。引导的特殊疑问句。2.each,every2.each,every2.
35、each,every2.each,every每一个每一个每一个每一个e.g.e.g.e.g.e.g.ThereisThereisThereisThereisalineoftreesalineoftreesalineoftreesalineoftreesononononeacheacheacheach sideoftheriver.sideoftheriver.sideoftheriver.sideoftheriver.EveryEveryEveryEverystudentstudentstudentstudenthashisowndictionaryhashisowndictionaryhas
36、hisowndictionaryhashisowndictionary.整体EachEachEachEachstudentstudentstudentstudenthashisowndictionaryhashisowndictionaryhashisowndictionaryhashisowndictionary.个体 EachEachEachEachhashisgoodpoint.hashisgoodpoint.hashisgoodpoint.hashisgoodpoint.EachofEachofEachofEachofthechildrenhasaredbag.thechildrenh
37、asaredbag.thechildrenhasaredbag.thechildrenhasaredbag.注意注意(1 1 1 1)eacheacheacheach强调个体,用于指两个强调个体,用于指两个强调个体,用于指两个强调个体,用于指两个或两个以上的人或事物;或两个以上的人或事物;或两个以上的人或事物;或两个以上的人或事物;(2 2 2 2)everyeveryeveryevery强调整体情况,用于指三个或三强调整体情况,用于指三个或三强调整体情况,用于指三个或三强调整体情况,用于指三个或三个以上的人或物;个以上的人或物;个以上的人或物;个以上的人或物;(3)every(3)every
38、(3)every(3)every用作形容词,在句中作定语,用作形容词,在句中作定语,用作形容词,在句中作定语,用作形容词,在句中作定语,eacheacheacheach既可用作形容词,又可用作代词。既可用作形容词,又可用作代词。既可用作形容词,又可用作代词。既可用作形容词,又可用作代词。3.it,one,that3.it,one,that3.it,one,that3.it,one,that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。e.g.Ihavelostmyumbrella,Imlo
39、okingfore.g.Ihavelostmyumbrella,Imlookingfore.g.Ihavelostmyumbrella,Imlookingfore.g.Ihavelostmyumbrella,Imlookingforit.it.it.it.Ihavelostmyumbrella,IthinkImustIhavelostmyumbrella,IthinkImustIhavelostmyumbrella,IthinkImustIhavelostmyumbrella,IthinkImustbuybuybuybuyone.one.one.one.TheumbrellaTheumbrel
40、laTheumbrellaTheumbrellayouboughtischeaperyouboughtischeaperyouboughtischeaperyouboughtischeaperthanthanthanthanthatthatthatthatIbought.Ibought.Ibought.Ibought.同类异物同类异物同类异物同类异物注意注意(1 1 1 1)oneoneoneone泛指泛指泛指泛指上下文提及的同类事上下文提及的同类事上下文提及的同类事上下文提及的同类事物的一个,同类而不同物;物的一个,同类而不同物;物的一个,同类而不同物;物的一个,同类而不同物;(2 2 2
41、2)itititit指代前面提到过的事物,同类且同指代前面提到过的事物,同类且同指代前面提到过的事物,同类且同指代前面提到过的事物,同类且同物;物;物;物;(3)that(3)that(3)that(3)that常用于比较句结构中,代替前面常用于比较句结构中,代替前面常用于比较句结构中,代替前面常用于比较句结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。提到的名词,以避免重复。提到的名词,以避免重复。提到的名词,以避免重复。4.4.4.4.other,theother,others,theothers,anotherother,theother,others,theothers,anotherothe
42、r,theother,others,theothers,anotherother,theother,others,theothers,anothereg:(1)Doyouhaveanyeg:(1)Doyouhaveanyeg:(1)Doyouhaveanyeg:(1)Doyouhaveanyotherotherotherotherquestions?questions?questions?questions?(2)Ihavetwopens,oneisred,(2)Ihavetwopens,oneisred,(2)Ihavetwopens,oneisred,(2)Ihavetwopens,one
43、isred,theothertheothertheothertheotherisbisbisbisbluelueluelue.(3)Somestudentsarerunning,and(3)Somestudentsarerunning,and(3)Somestudentsarerunning,and(3)Somestudentsarerunning,andothersothersothersothersareareareareplayingbasketball.playingbasketball.playingbasketball.playingbasketball.(4)Thereareon
44、lyfivestudents.Whereare(4)Thereareonlyfivestudents.Whereare(4)Thereareonlyfivestudents.Whereare(4)Thereareonlyfivestudents.Wherearethethethetheothersothersothersothers?51One goes to the park,the other goes to the zoo.Some go to the park,others go to the zoo.Some go to the park,the others go to the z
45、oo.One goes to the park,another goes to the zoo.Some go to the park,()go to the zoo.Some go to the park,()go to the zoo.注意注意(1 1 1 1)otherotherotherother意为意为意为意为“另外的另外的另外的另外的”,一般,一般,一般,一般作定语;作定语;作定语;作定语;(2 2 2 2)the otherthe otherthe otherthe other表示表示表示表示“两个中另外一个两个中另外一个两个中另外一个两个中另外一个”,常,常,常,常与与与与on
46、eoneoneone连用,构成连用,构成连用,构成连用,构成”oneoneoneone.the other.the other.the other.the other”;(4(4(4(4)the others the others the others the others 特指其余的人特指其余的人特指其余的人特指其余的人或物。或物。或物。或物。(3)Others(3)Others(3)Others(3)Others泛指别的人或物,是泛指别的人或物,是泛指别的人或物,是泛指别的人或物,是otherotherotherother的复的复的复的复数形式。数形式。数形式。数形式。(5(5(5(5)a
47、notheranotheranotheranother指三个或三个以上指三个或三个以上指三个或三个以上指三个或三个以上的另一个。的另一个。的另一个。的另一个。5.few,afew,little,alittle5.few,afew,little,alittle5.few,afew,little,alittle5.few,afew,little,alittlee.g.IhavebeentoBeijingafewtimese.g.IhavebeentoBeijingafewtimese.g.IhavebeentoBeijingafewtimese.g.IhavebeentoBeijingafewti
48、mes.TinacanspeakalittleChinese.TinacanspeakalittleChinese.TinacanspeakalittleChinese.TinacanspeakalittleChinese.ThereisalittleraininspringThereisalittleraininspringThereisalittleraininspringThereisalittleraininspringhere,istherehere,istherehere,istherehere,isthere?IvemadequiteafewfriendsIvemadequite
49、afewfriendsIvemadequiteafewfriendsIvemadequiteafewfriendshere.here.here.here.注意注意(1 1 1 1)few few few few 和和和和 a few a few a few a few 修饰可数名词,修饰可数名词,修饰可数名词,修饰可数名词,littlelittlelittlelittle和和和和a little a little a little a little 修饰不可数名词。修饰不可数名词。修饰不可数名词。修饰不可数名词。(2 2 2 2)a fewa fewa fewa few和和和和a little
50、 a little a little a little 表肯定意义,意为表肯定意义,意为表肯定意义,意为表肯定意义,意为“有几个,有一点有几个,有一点有几个,有一点有几个,有一点”;fewfewfewfew和和和和littlelittlelittlelittle表示否表示否表示否表示否定意义,意为几乎没有。定意义,意为几乎没有。定意义,意为几乎没有。定意义,意为几乎没有。(3)(3)(3)(3)口语中常用口语中常用口语中常用口语中常用only a few only a few only a few only a few 或或或或only a only a only a only a littl