《高二英语高二英语暑假Unit 1 Part 1 动词的时态与语态 教师版 2.0.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高二英语高二英语暑假Unit 1 Part 1 动词的时态与语态 教师版 2.0.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Unit 1 Part 1 GrammarPart 1 Grammar and usage动词的时态与语态目标层级图掌握易混时态的辨析和综合应用 LV.5 综合课前检测（一）The only survivor of a shipwreck was washed up on a small, uninhabited island. He (1) _ (pray) crazily for God to rescue him, but none seemed forthcoming. Exhaustedly, he eventually managed to build a little hut o
2、ut of driftwood to protect him from the elements, and to store his few possessions. But then one day, after he hunted for food, he arrived home to find his little hut in flames, the smoke rolling up to the sky. The worst (2) _ (happen); everything was lost. He was at a loss with grief and anger. “Go
3、d, how could you do this to me!” he cried. Early the next day, however, he (3) _ (awaken) by the sound of a ship that (4) _ (approach) the island. When the ship arrived, he asked them, “How did you know I was here?” “We saw your smoke signal,” the rescuers replied. We get discouraged easily when thi
4、ngs are going bad. But we shouldnt lose heart, because God is at work in our lives. Remember, next time your little hut is burning to the ground it just may be the smoke signal that (5) _ (summon) the grace of God. For all the negative things we have to say to ourselves, God has a positive answer fo
5、r it.(1)prayed(2)had happened(3)was awakened(4)was approaching(5)summons(1)本题考查时态语态之一般过去时。解题步骤：1.确定考点。but连接两个句子，空格处所在句子缺少谓语动词，因此本题考查时态语态。2.确定时态。已知动词是was washed及managed，因此空格处为一般过去时，因此答案为prayed。(2)本题考查时态语态之过去完成时。解题步骤：1.确定考点。空格处所在内容与其后句子使用分号隔开，因此空格处是一个完整的句子，句子缺少谓语动词，因此考查时态语态。2.确定时态。结合已知语境可知，糟糕的事情的发生这一动
6、作在他到家之前发生，因此是过去的过去，使用过去完成时，答案为had happened。(3)本题考查时态语态之一般过去时的被动。解题步骤：1.确定考点。句子缺少谓语动词，因此考查时态语态。2.确定时态。根据已知动词arrived可知空格处使用一般过去时。3.确定语态。根据介词by及句意他被惊醒，可知为被动形式。4.确定主谓一致。主语是he，为单数，因此答案为was awakened。(4)本题考查时态语态之过去进行时。解题步骤：1.确定考点。that引导的从句缺少谓语动词，因此考查时态语态。2.确定时态。已知动词arrived为一般过去时，结合句意：他被正在靠近岛屿的船舶惊醒，可知当时船舶时正
7、在靠近岛屿，因此使用过去进行时。3.确定主谓一致。关系代词that指代先行词a ship，为单数形式，因此答案为was approaching。(5)本题考查时态语态之一般现在时。解题步骤：1.确定考点。that引导的从句缺少谓语动词，因此本题考查时态语态。2.确定时态。空格处所在段落是提出建议，主体时态是一般现在时，that从句修饰smoke signal，表示召唤上帝的恩典的烟的信号，可以使用一般现在时。3.确定主谓一致。主语是先行词signal，为单数形式，因此答案为summons。（二）Im a Muslim. Once I (1) _ (eat) at a restaurant, w
8、here there was a father seated next to my desk with his two girls. I (2) _ (overhear) their conversation. The girls were constantly asking about everything and anything. And I was fascinated by their curiosity. One of the girls looked at me and asked, “Daddy, why is she wearing that way?” Her dad re
9、sponded with something that made my heart so warm. He said, “There (3) _ (be) different religions, cultures and languages. We have to respect and learn about them.” He then went on to share his personal experience of living abroad and learning to speak Spanish. This reminded me of a Harvard study th
10、at I (4) _ (read) about. Children who (5) _ (expose) to racism tend to accept and embrace it as young as age 3, and in just a matter of days. Only at that time did I realize the importance of the way we teach children about love, acceptance, understanding and respect. It should start from an early a
11、ge. The earlier, the better. Kids imitate their parents views and behaviour. It is you who are their role model. (1)was eating(2)overheard(3)are(4)had read(5)are exposed(1)本题考查动词时态之现在进行时。解题步骤：1. 确定考点。主句缺少谓语，故考查时态语态。2. 确定时态。根据从句谓语动词was，可知用过去时。结合句意：有一次，我在一家餐馆吃饭，一位父亲和他的两个女儿坐在我的桌旁。可知那时我正在吃饭，故用过去进行时。3. 确
12、定语态。eat，意为用餐为不及物动词，确定用主动形式。4. 确定主谓一致。主语为单数名词，故谓语动词用单数。故填was eating。(2)本题考查动词时态之一般过去时。解题步骤：1. 确定考点。句中缺少谓语，故考查时态语态。2. 确定时态。根据前后句的已知动词was和were，可知用一般过去时。3. 确定语态。overhead为及物动词，后面有宾语，用主动形式。故填overheard。(3)本题考查动词时态之一般现在时。解题步骤：1. 确定考点。句子中缺少谓语，故考查时态语态。2. 确定时态。本句在对话中，且描述客观事实，故用一般现在时。3. 确定主谓一致。主语为different reli
13、gions, cultures and languages，是复数名词，故谓语动词用复数。故填are。(4)本题考查动词时态之过去完成时。解题步骤：1. 确定考点。从句缺少谓语，故考查时态语态。2. 确定时态。结合句意，可知从句动作read发生在主句谓语动词reminded之前，用过去完成时。3. 确定语态。read about后面有宾语即指代先行词的that，用主动形式。故填had read。(5)本题考查动词时态之一般现在时的被动。解题步骤：1. 确定考点。从句缺少谓语，故考查时态语态。2. 确定时态。结合句意：接触到种族主义的孩子往往在3岁时就接受并接受它，甚至在短短几天内。可知，描述客
14、观事实，用一般现在时。3. 确定语态。expose为及物动词，后面没有宾语，用被动形式。4. 确定主谓一致。主语为先行词children，故谓语动词用复数。故填are exposed。课中讲解 动词的时态语态主要在语法填空部分进行考察，所给提示词为动词，当然完形填空中也偶有涉及。高中阶段有12种时态语态，同学们在高一已经逐一学习过，本课主要围绕易混点进行区分。一. 谓语动词的时态语态VS非谓语动词 语法填空中当提示词为动词时，需要结合句子判断填写谓语动词、非谓语动词还是转换词性。判断方法如下：1. 判断句子数量。英语句子的结构逻辑性较强，一般可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句。简单句一般只有一个主
15、谓结构；并列句是由并列连词连接两个主谓结构，如用and, or, but等连接的句子；复合句是由从属连词引导一个从句充当主句的一个成分如用because, that, which等连接的句子。掌握好这些基本句型结构以及相应的连词一般就能分析好句子成分。2. 判断是否有谓语。大多数情况下，谓语动词数=从属连词数+ 1。如果谓语动词数不够，需要用谓语动词；否则要用非谓语动词。注：宾语从句和定语从句省略连词的情况【典型例题讲解1】Im afraid our personal relationships _ (build) up over years may be lost after you mov
16、e out.built 解题步骤：1. 确定考点。本句 afraid 后的宾语从句已有谓语动词 may be lost，与空格处无连词连接，故考查非谓语。2. 确定主被动关系。build up 与前面的 relationships 为被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成，故填 built.句意：恐怕我们经过数年建立起来的人际关系在你搬出之后就会失去了。【典型例题讲解2】If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.A. devoteB. devotedC. devotingD. having devoted解题步骤：1.
17、 确定考点。句子中有 2 组谓语动词 have 和 will succeed，且有 2 个连词 if 和 and，不符合“谓语数量 = 连词数量 + 1”，缺少谓语，故确定此处考查动词的谓语形式，排除 CD2. 确定答案。本题考查固定句式“祈使句 + and + will/ 情态动词”，故可知此处需使用动词原形。因此答案为 A。【典型例题讲解3】When travelers arrived there, the village seemed deserted, the only sign of life _ one or two dogs lying under some trees.A. w
18、asB. wereC. beingD. had been本题考查时态和非谓语的辨析。当分词的逻辑主语和主句主语不一致的时候，可以把逻辑主语放在分词前面，构成独立主格结构。本行中“being one or two dogs lying under some trees”的先行词是“the only sign of life”与主句主语the village并不一致，所以要用独立主格结构。逗号前的句子结构完整，谓语是seemed，与空格间无连词连接，故考查非谓语，故排除A、B、D，选C。【过关检测】1. 单句改错（每句仅有一处错误）(1) Please see the doctor and ask
19、ing him for help.asking 改为ask(2) Yesterday, I received a gift from her, and memories of her came flooded back. flooded改成flooding(3) During her first few month, I helped her by offering my advice and encouragement, and we often hang out together at weekends.hang改成hung (4) Black holes are made up of h
20、uge amounts of matter squeezed into a small area, created a gravitational（万有引力的）field which draws in everything around it. created改为creating(5) At first, I thought it would be hard to spend a whole week stayed away from school and home. stayed改为staying(6) In addition, spend too much time playing gam
21、es will not only have a bad effect on their studies but also do harm to health.spend改为spending(7) When I went back home I saw some homeless people beg in the street, which reminded me of the wasted food. beg改为begging(8) Its agreed that students learning better if they trust and respect their teacher
22、s. learning改为learn(9) Scientists used a worldwide network of telescopes see and capture the first-ever picture of a black hole. see前加to(10) Happily the formation of the United Kingdom was accomplish without conflict. accomplish改为accomplished2. 选择正确的选项(1) Which of the following sentences is correct?
23、A. Exhausting, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.B. The square tower had been remained standing for one thousand years.C. John Snows research suggested that water was to blame for the spread of cholera.D. I wont have you talked so rudely to your mother.(2) Which of the following sentences is corr
24、ect? A. If weather permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow.B. If weather permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.C. Weather permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow.D. Weather permitting, and we will go for an outing tomorrow.3. 单项选择(1) The children went home from the grammar school, thei
25、r lessons _ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished(2) _ your savings so fast, or youll end up as a beggar. A. Stop to spendB. stop to spendC. Stop spendingD. Stopping spending(3) Lowered sea levels _ the shallow continental shelf beneath the Bering Sea.A. being exposed B.
26、 exposed C. to expose D. exposing(4) Nobody but doctors and those _ by Dr. Smith _ to the patients room. A. having been invited; is admittedB. being invited; are allowedC. invited; is admittedD. invited; is allowed二. 易混时态语态1. 一般过去时vs一般现在时【例题导入】Whenever you _ (buy) a present, you should think about i
27、t from the receivers point of view.A. 一般现在时B. 一般过去时本题考查一般现在与一般过去的题目辨析。解题要点：题眼是时间状语whenever，表示经常发生的事，应该使用一般现在时。注意：还可以利用主情从现（主句有情态动词的时候，从句（时间状语从句/条件状语从句/让步状语从句）用一般现在表将来）进行理解。一般过去时与一般现在时的区别：(1) 时间标志一般现在时: usually, every morning/night/evening/ day/week/year, from time to time, twice a week.一般过去时: yester
28、day, last day, five minutes ago, the other day.E.G. He always works on weekends.Johnson goes to visit his grandparents once a week.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he was busy.I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it happened.(2) 基本用法1) 一般现在时： 经常发生的事； 客观事实； 现在的状态；时刻表； 时间、条
29、件状语从句主将从现2) 一般过去时： 发生在过去的事； 过去习惯性、经常性的动作E.G. Planning so far ahead makes no senseso many things will have changed by next year.The basketball coach, as well as his team, was interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.注意：时间状语；已知动词；已知语境【典型例题讲解1】What are you going to do this
30、afternoon?I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _ (finish) quite early, so we_ (go) to the bookstore after that.finishes /are going to本题为时态线索题。第一空：根据“电影院的电影放映是按照时刻表进行的动作”，所以第一个空应该用一般现在时。第二空：根据已知动词am going to可知去书店的动作还未发生，所以应该用一般将来时。【典型例题讲解2】That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it _ us
31、 a whole week to get there.A. takesB. has takenC. tookD. was taking本题考查一般现在与一般过去的题目辨析。解题要点：题眼是已知动词 must have been ，是对过去所做事情的肯定推测：过去一定做过某事，说明旅行发生在过去，所以“花费一周时间到达”的谓语动词用一般过去时。【典型例题讲解3】An ant has two stomachs: one for itself, the other for others.Really? Quite interesting. I _ anything about it.A. dont
32、knowB. have knownC. havent knownD. didnt know本题考查一般现在与一般过去的题目辨析。解题要点：确定题眼。题眼为语意，根据上下文语境：一只蚂蚁有两个胃，一个为自己，一个为同类。真的吗？很有趣啊，我以前都不知道。可知现在既然已经被告知了，就已经知道了。“不知道”则是过去的情况，因此答案为一般过去时，选 D小结：主要区别在于：a. 一般现在时表示动作频繁发生，一般过去时表示动作过去频繁发生；b. 一般现在时动作并未终止，一般过去时表示动作已经结束；c. 动作判定可以参考时间状语、已知动词和语境。【过关检测】1. Youve gone through all
33、 your money? I _ you were well-off.A. thinkB. thoughtC. have thoughtD. am thinking解析：本题考查一般现在与一般过去的题目辨析。解题要点：确定题眼。题眼为已知动词 have gone through 可知“钱现在是被花光的状态”。由“我原以为你很富有”，是过去的事，过去的想法是 I thought。因此答案为一般过去时，故选 B2. Scientists have many theories about how the universe _ into being.A. cameB. was comingC. had
34、 comeD. would come解析:本题考查一般现在与一般过去的题目辨析。解题要点：结合语境。根据上下文语境：科学家就宇宙是如何形成的，已经有了很多理论。可知，宇宙形成应该发生在过去，因此答案为一般过去时，故选 A3. Hi, Vera, have you checked the account yet?Certainly, I _ it five times even though you told me to do it twice.A. checkedB. will have checkedC. checkD. had checked解析: 本题考查一般现在与一般过去的题目辨析。解
35、题要点：确定题眼。题眼是 have you checked 和 yes，可知询问的是对现在有影响的过去发生的事。同时可以结合语境：Vera，你检查账目了吗？当然了，尽管你告诉我检查两遍，我已经检查了 5 遍。检查动作已经结束，因此答案为一般过去时，故选 A4. They _ of the terrible situation in Thailand, otherwise they wouldnt have gone there for sightseeing.A. wouldnt hearB. didnt hearC. havent heardD. dont hear解析:本题考查一般现在与一
36、般过去的题目辨析。解题要点：确定题眼。题眼为已知动词 wouldnt have gone，根据虚拟语气结构，此处为对过去时间的虚拟，即与过去事实相反，因此答案为一般过去时，故选 B句意：他们没有听说泰国的可怕情况，否则他们就不会去那里观光了。5. Better not throw waste paper here and there. Im so sorry, but I _ the wastebasket. A. wont seeB. wasnt seeingC. didnt seeD. dont see解析:本题考查一般现在与一般过去的题目辨析。解题要点：题眼为语意，根据上下文语境：最好不
37、要随地乱扔垃圾。对不起，我没有看到垃圾桶。“没有看到垃圾桶”指的是之前没有看到，表示过去的动作，因此答案为一般过去时。2. 一般过去时vs现在完成时【例题导入】Does your Dad quit smoking, Jenny?Yes, but he _ (smoke) for almost ten years.A. 现在完成时B. 一般过去时根据上下文“父亲现在已经戒烟了，但是之前抽了 10 年眼”，可以知道吸烟 10 年是过去的动作，因此答案为一般过去时 注意：不能因为有时间段 for almost 10 years 就认为要用完成时相关时态，关键是确定该时间段有没有持续到现在，持续到现在
38、用现在完成时，持续到过去的时间点用过去完成时。本题没有持续到现在，是开始在过去结束在过去的一般过去时。一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：(1) 时间标志一般过去时时间标志：yesterday, last day, five minutes ago, the other day. 通常为明确的过去时间；现在完成时时间标志：since, in the past few years, so far, already, recently 还有固定搭配：it is 序数词/ 最高级/ 表唯一 that E.G.I met my primary teacher yesterday.I have written
39、 3 books in the past 5 years.(2) 结果现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果。如果过去和现在的联系又多表达了一层因果关系，过去动作与现在的结果有必然因果关系，用现在完成时; 一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，动作已经结束，在陈述这一事实，和现在毫无关系。E.G.1) The lift has broken down.电梯已经坏了。(暗示现在不能用 了)The lift broke down. 电梯坏了。(陈述事实)2) We lived in Paris for ten years. (but we dont live there now)跟现在没有关系。
40、We have lived in Paris for ten years. (and still live there)到现在为止还住在那儿。3)Where have you put my book? (放” 发生在过去，但更关心书现在在哪儿。)I put it on the table. (放的动作发生在过去， 暗示我过去放在那了，后来有没有人动我就不知道了。)【典型例题讲解1】This picture called up my memory of that day when I _ (meet) him for the first time.met本题考查一般过去时和现在完成的使用语境。解
41、题要点：确定时间。通过已知动词和时间状语来判断。由已知信息called up可知第一次见面发生在过去。【典型例题讲解2】Mr. Smith left home and went to Shenzhen in his twenties, where he _ (live) until the 1990s.lived本题考查一般过去时或现在完成的线索。解题要点：由时间状语until the 1990s可知本题空格处谓语动作截止到过去，故应使用是一般过去时。【典型例题讲解3】Doctor Wang, who _ (make) western medicine for six years in New
42、 York, is now working in a famous hospital in Shanghai.made本题考查一般过去时或现在完成的线索。解题要点：由已知动词和时间状语is now working可知本题谓语是一般现在时，而空格所在的从句谓语在纽约6年则发生在过去，故本题空格处谓语是一般过去时。【典型例题讲解4】Although the Eiffel Tower _ (be designed) to last for 20 years, it is still standing today.was designed本题考查一般过去时与现在完成时使用语境的辨析。解题要点：根据语境
43、今天仍然屹立可知，设计的动作发生在过去。要用一般过去时 was designed。【典型例题讲解5】Someone _ (park) his car in front of my house and it is blocking my driveway.has parked本题考查一般过去时与现在完成时使用场景辨析。解题要点：根据已知语境it is blocking my driveway，可知车是过去停在我家门前，且现在还停在这里，把过去与现在连接了起来，因此使用现在完成时小结：主要区别在于：a. 是否延续到现在b. 是否对现在有影响【过关检测】1. Madonna _ many album
44、s and will probably make many more.A. recordsB. recordedC. had recordedD. has recorded解题步骤：1. 根据选项确定考点，考察谓语动词时态；2. 确定时态：题眼：已知动词will probably make，再结合语境可知 Madonna 是从过去开始到现在录制了很多专辑，而且将来还会录制，符合现在完成时的基本含义，故选 D2. The real reason why prices _ and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can
45、 satisfactorily explain this problem.A. wereB. will beC. have beenD. had been本题考查一般过去与现在完成的题目辨析。解题要点：确定题眼。已知谓语动词，still are, 题眼是 still are，暗示在做过去与现在的对比，结合语境价格过去和现在都过高的真正原因是复杂的，任何简短的讨论都不能令人满意地解释这个问题。故选 A。3.How long have you been here?Only about five minutes. Henry and Simon _ here with me.A. walkB. ha
46、ve walkedC. walkedD. had walked4. My father _ away for two months. I want to do something special for him when he comes back next week.A. will beB. has beenC. wasD. had been解题步骤：1. 通过选项确定考点，考查谓语动词时态。2. 确定时态：题眼，时间状语 for two months，可知使用一般过去时或现在完成时，结合句意：我父亲已经离开两个月了。下周他回来的时候我想为他做点特别的事。可知父亲现在还没有回来，故使用现在完成时，答案为 B。5. The price _ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.A. went downB. will go downC. has gone downD. was going down本题考查一般过去与现在完成的题目辨析。解题要