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1、第十二章第十二章 句子的种类句子的种类考点一：以考点一：以it作形式主语的句子作形式主语的句子考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点三：感叹句考点三：感叹句考点四：祈使句考点四：祈使句考点五：倒装句考点五：倒装句考点一：以考点一：以itit作形式主语的句子作形式主语的句子1.it作形式主语的常用句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.Its+adj.+to do sth.Its+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.Its no use/no good/worth doing sth.考点一：以考点一：以itit作形式主语的句子作形式主语的句子
2、1.it作形式主语的常用句型如：It took us nearly a week to get to Xinjiang.Its important to learn English well.It is nice of them to invite us.Its worth reading the book.考点一：以考点一：以itit作形式主语的句子作形式主语的句子2.it代指时间、季节、天气、距离、婴儿、不明身份的人等时，在句中作主语。如：It is almost 8 oclock.We must start now.What is the weather like today?Its f
3、ine.Who is knocking at the door?It is me.考点一：以考点一：以itit作形式主语的句子作形式主语的句子3.代词one，it和that 的区别that 代指前面提到的名词,以避免重复it特指上下文提到的同一对象，同类同物one 泛指上下文的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物如：The weather of Beijing is as good as that of Qingdao.The book is mine.Its very interesting.Who has a pen?I have one.考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句1.陈述句陈
4、述句 用于陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。如：Lily has already read this new book.Rose didnt drink any milk this morning.考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句2.疑问句疑问句：用于提出问题的句子。(1)一般疑问句一般疑问句：以be动词，have/has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头，以yes或no来回答的问句。基本结构是：Be/Have/Has/Did等助动词(含情态动词)主语谓语?如：Are you a student?Do you like English?Can yo
5、u speak English?Have you ever been to the Great Wall?考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句(2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词一般疑问句。常用的疑问词有what，who(whom)，whose，which，when，where，how，why等，不用yes或no来回答。如：Which pen do you like?Who are you?考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句(2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句对数量提问，疑问词用how many/how much，注意疑问词h
6、ow many必须接复数名词。对价格提问，疑问词用how much。对时间长度提问，疑问词用how long。对如 once a year，twice a week等时间频率提问，疑问词用how often。考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句对如once，twice，three times等具体次数提问，疑问词用how many times。对“in一段时间”提问，疑问词一般用how soon（用于将来时态）。对距离提问，疑问词用how far。考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句(3)选择疑问句选择疑问句：指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择的句子。它的基本结
7、构是：一般疑问句or一般疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略）。回答时不用yes或no,而是用所给选择的其中一种回答。有时只需用一个不定代词回答，如all，both，either，neither和none。如：Would you like chicken or beef?Id like beef.考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句(4)反意疑问句反意疑问句在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。反意疑问句的构成是前肯后否，前否后肯。注意：注意：时态、人称、单复数要前后一致。注意注意：当反义疑问句的陈述部分含有no，none，nev
8、er，neither，few，little，nothing，nobody，seldom，hardly，too to 等否定词时,附加问句应为肯定。考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句(4)反意疑问句反意疑问句 反意疑问句的特殊情况当陈述句是以“Im”开头时，附加问句用“arent I?”。当陈述句是以lets开头的祈使句时，附加问句用“shall we？”，其他祈使句用“will you?”。当陈述句是there be句型时，附加问句用“be not there?”（注意be的时态变化）。考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句(4)反意疑问句反意疑问句 反意疑问句的特殊情况当陈述
9、部分的主语是不定代词everybody，anyone，somebody，nobody，no one，these，those等时，疑问部分常用复数they。当陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词everything，that，nothing，this时，疑问部分的主语用it。考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句当陈述句是由I/we(dont/didnt)think/suppose/believe等开头时，反意疑问句应和有关宾语从句的人称、时态保持一致，并根据主句选用肯定或否定形式。考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句(4)反意疑问句反意疑问句 反意疑问句的特殊情况当陈述句中的mus
10、t表示“必须”时，疑问句用neednt/mustnt。陈述句中的mustnt表示“禁止”时，疑问句用must。陈述句中的must表示“一定”时，疑问句部分应用must后面的动词相对应的助动词形式。当陈述部分有“had better+动词原形”时，疑问部分用“hadnt you?”。当陈述部分有“have/has/had to+动词原形”，疑问部分常用“dont/doesnt/didnt+主语”。考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句(4)反意疑问句反意疑问句注意回答反意疑问句时汉英表达习惯的不同。如：Li Lei never goes to school late,does he?Yes
11、,he does./No,he doesnt.反意疑问句中要注意有些词的缩略形式。s既是has也是is的缩略形式。d既是would也是had的缩略形式。如：Hes already finished his homework,hasnt he?Hes often told to come here,isnt he?Youd better complete it by yourself,hadnt you?考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句即学即练即学即练一、根据句意，把下列句子和对话补充完整。1._ will it take us to get there by bus?About t
12、wo hours.2._ does your sister look like?She is tall with long hair.3._ is the library from our school?Its quite near.Just go across the road.4._ will she stay here?For one and a half hours.5._ is that new bike over there?I think its Sams.How longWhatHow farHow longWhose考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句即学即练即学即练
13、6._ is your sister,Jim?Shes a journalist from CCTV.7.He is a teacher,_ he？8.I cant swim,_ I?9.He will be late,_ he?10.Peter sings well,_ he?11.Peter didnt go home,_ he?12.Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny,_?13.I am Chinese,_?isntWhatcanwontdiddoesntdidnt she arent I 考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句即学即练即
14、学即练14.Lets go for a picnic tomorrow,_?15.Let us play games,_?16.Dont eat food in class,_?17.There were a lot of apples,_?18.There wont be any fashion shows on Sunday morning,_?19.There will be many people at the party,_?20.Everyone knows the answer,_?21.Nobody knows about it,_?22.These are your pens
15、,_?shall we will you will you werent there will there wont there doesnt he/dont theyarent they does he/do they考点二：陈述句和疑问句考点二：陈述句和疑问句即学即练即学即练二、用or或and填空，或按要求改写句子。1.Are they sitting _ standing in the classroom?2.The students stopped talking _ laughing when the teacher came in.3.Meimei likes boating.（用
16、swim改成选择疑问句）_ Meimei _ boating _?4.She is a doctor.（用a nurse 改成选择疑问句）_ a doctor _?orandDoeslikeor swimmingor a nurseIs she考点三：感叹句考点三：感叹句 用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫作感叹句，句末用感叹号。感叹句一般用感叹词how或what引导，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词。1.how引导的感叹句，基本结构是：How形容词/副词主语谓语！(主谓可省略)如：How beautiful the park is!考点三：感叹句考点三：感叹句2.what引导的
17、感叹句，基本结构是：(1)Whata/an形容词可数名词（单数）主语谓语!（主谓可省略）如：What a nice girl(she is)!(2)What形容词复数名词（或不可数名词）主语谓语！如：What beautiful flowers these are!What fine weather it is!考点三：感叹句考点三：感叹句注意：注意：what感叹不可数名词时，名词前面不能加不定冠词a或an。如：What good news it is!Look!What fine weather it is today!类似的还有：What bad weather!What hard wor
18、k!What delicious food!考点三：感叹句考点三：感叹句即学即练即学即练用what，what a/an或how 填空。1._ strong the wind is!2._ cold weather it is!3._ well he plays the violin!4._ an interesting story this is!5._ beautiful paintings these are!6._ brightly the sun shines today!7._ good advice you gave me!8._ delicious the cookies tas
19、te!9._ a good time they are having!10._ hard work you have done!HowWhatHowWhatWhatHowWhatHowWhatWhat考点四：祈使句考点四：祈使句 表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。1.祈使句的肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。如：Do your homework after school.Lets go and have a look.Let me have a try.Be glad,my friend.Dont be nervous!考点四：祈使句考点四：祈使句2.祈使句的否定形式
20、：在句首谓语动词前加Dont。如：Dont let me work with him.=Let me not work with him.Dont spend much time on computer games.=You mustnt spend much time on computer games.考点四：祈使句考点四：祈使句3.在公共场合的提示语中，祈使句的否定句常用“No+名词或动名词”表示“禁止做某事”。如：No photos!No smoking here!=Smoking is not allowed here!注意：注意：(1)“祈使句and /or简单句”是常用句型。如：
21、Be quick,or youll be late.=If you are not quick,youll be late.(2)否定的祈使句=mustnt。如：Dont draw on the wall.=You mustnt draw on the wall.考点五：倒装句考点五：倒装句1.倒装句的分类及用法倒装句的分类及用法(1)完全倒装完全倒装here，there，up，down，in，out，off，away等副词开头的句子表示强调。如：Out rushed the children.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首。如：Under the tree stood two tables
22、 and four chairs.强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡。如：Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.考点五：倒装句考点五：倒装句1.倒装句的分类及用法倒装句的分类及用法(2)部分倒装部分倒装unever，hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，not until，not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首。如：Hardly did I know what had happened.uonly和修饰的状语放于句首。如：Only then did he realize the importance of English.u“
23、not only but also”连接并列的句子,“前倒后不倒”。如：Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.考点五：倒装句考点五：倒装句1.倒装句的分类及用法倒装句的分类及用法(2)部分倒装部分倒装u“neither nor”连接并列的句子前后都倒装。如：Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.uso that,such that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时“前倒后不倒”。如：So busy is he that he can not go on a hol
24、iday.uas引导的让步状语。如：Child as he is,he has learned a lot.考点五：倒装句考点五：倒装句1.倒装句的分类及用法倒装句的分类及用法(2)部分倒装部分倒装uso,neither或nor表示前文内容也适用于另外的人或事。如：He can play the piano.So can I.u用于表示祝愿的祈使句中。如：May you be in good health!u省略if的虚拟条件。如：Were I you,I would not do it in this way.考点五：倒装句考点五：倒装句2.倒装句的结构倒装句的结构(1)如果前面句子是肯定句
25、，那么倒装句的结构有：“So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”，表示“某人/某物也是这样”。“So+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”，表示“某人/某物真的是这样”。如：Xiao Ming is a good student.So is Sam.Xiao Ming is a good student.So he is.考点五：倒装句考点五：倒装句(2)如果前面的句子是否定句，那么倒装句结构为：“Neither/Nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”，表示“某人/某物也是这样”。如：Xiao Ming is not good at swimming.Neither/Nor is Sam.考
26、点五：倒装句考点五：倒装句3.以here，there 等开头的句子，如果主语是名词，就用倒装句，如果主语是人称代词就无须使用倒装句。如：Here are some flowers for you.Here you are.考点五：倒装句考点五：倒装句即学即练即学即练根据汉语意思完成句子。1.He will go to Hainan for a visit.So _.(我也会)2.He will go to Hainan for a visit.So _.(他的确如此)3.Tom was late for class yesterday.So _.(他的确如此)4.My mother can speak English._.(我也会)5.My mother cant speak English._.(我也不会)will Ihe willhe wasSo can INeither/Nor can I