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1、第二部分 语法专题突破专题十 非谓语动词考点精讲分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知,非谓语动词主要在单项填空中考查(岳阳、湘潭、株洲、益阳、邵阳、常德、湘西每年必考1道),完形填空中考查较少。考查点包括:动词不定式(表目的、作宾语、省略to的不定式、固定搭配)和动名词(以固定搭配为主)。解答此类试题时,考生应做到以下两点:1.判定本题该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词:判断句子是否缺少谓语。(1)当句子缺少谓语时,该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下,动词作谓语放在主语之后,比如“I love you.”中的love就是谓语动词。(2)当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词使其与所填动词并列,该动词就用非谓语
2、动词形式。非谓语动词可以在句中作除谓语以外的任何成分,如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语及插入语。具体用法详见本专题的讲解。2.判定本题该使用非谓语动词的哪种形式:(1)根据非谓语动词的句法功能确定用哪种形式,即所作的成分:作主语或宾语,用动名词或不定式形式;作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用不定式形式;作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系来判断。(2)根据固定用法和句型来判断。考点1动词不定式(2016年6次,2015年9次,2014年8次)动词不定式的基本用法 功能功能例句例句作主作主语语To learn math well is difficult for us.把数学学好对
3、于我们来说是困把数学学好对于我们来说是困难的。难的。作表作表语语Her job is to do the dishes.她的她的工作就是洗盘子。工作就是洗盘子。作作宾语宾语(包包括疑问词括疑问词不定式不定式)They decided to visit the Great Lakes.他们决定去参观五大湖。他们决定去参观五大湖。Could you tell me how to get to the train station?你能告诉我怎?你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗?样去火车站吗?作作宾语宾语补补足足语语She teaches us to dance on weekends.她周末教我们跳舞。她周
4、末教我们跳舞。作定作定语语I have a lot of books to read.我有我有很多书要读。很多书要读。作状作状语语To catch the train,we have to get up early.为了赶上火车为了赶上火车,我们不得我们不得不早起。不早起。动词to do sth.(不定式作宾语)hope 希望(2016邵阳26题)would like 想要(2015常德24题)be supposed 应该(2014湘潭32题)want想要 afford 负担得起agree同意 arrange安排begin/start 开始 continue继续choose选择 decide决
5、定expect期望 fail失败learn 学习 manage设法need需要 plan计划prefer更喜欢 prepare准备pretend假装 promise 承诺refuse拒绝 try尽力 wish希望动词sb.to do sth.(不定式作宾补)ask要求(2016常德24题,2015湘西29题)invite邀请(2016郴州24题)tell告诉(2014湘西27题)advise建议allow允许 expect 期望force 强迫 help帮助persuade说服 teach教want想要 wish希望注 意 在一些使役动词和感官动词后,要把不定式结构中的to省略。常用的有:五看
6、:watch,see,look at,notice,observe 三使:let,make,have 二听:listen to,hear 一感觉:feel注 意巧学妙计:吾看三室一厅一感觉。如:I saw our English teacher enter the office just now.刚才我看到我们的英语老师走进办公室了。)不定式常用句型(含不带to的不定式)1.too.to.太而不能。如:The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小不能照顾他自己。2.enough to.足够。如:He is old enough to go
7、to school.他足够大 可以上学了。3.Why dont you do sth.?Why not do sth.?为什么不做某事呢?如:Why dont you buy her a photo album?Why not buy her a photo album?为什么不 给她买个相册呢?4.had better(not)do sth.最好(不)做某事。如:Youd better not stay there today.你今天最 好别待在那儿。5.Will you please do sth.?你能做某事吗?如:Will you please close the door?你能把门关
8、 上吗?6.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某 事而不愿做某事。如:She prefers to receive a small and meaningful gift rather than receive a lot of money.她宁 愿收到一份有意义的小礼物而不愿收到很多 钱。7.Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。如:Its my turn to tell a story.轮到我讲一 个故事了。8.It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.某人花 一些时间做某事。如:It
9、took me 3 hours to repair the TV set.我花 了三个小时修理这台电视机。9.It is adj.(for/of sb.)to do sth.【具体讲 解详见本书P11】10.make sb.do sth.【具体讲解详见本书P105】分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知,对动名词的考查以固定用法为主。动名词的主要用法有以下几种:考点2动名词(2016年4次,2015年3次,2014年3次)作主语 1.动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。2.
10、如果并列的动名词(短语)作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Reading and writing take me a lot of time.读书和写作花费我很多时间。作表语 动名词(短语)作表语时,可以转化为动名词(短语)作主语。如:His favorite sport is playing pingpong.Playing pingpong is his favorite sport.他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。作定语 动名词(短语)作定语,表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,位于所修饰词之前。如:There were many people in the waiting room befor
11、e dark.天黑之前等候室里有很多人。作宾语1.常接动名词作宾语的词汇:完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,cant help,feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)2.既可以接动名词又可以接动词不定式的词汇:在go on,mean,regret,need,remember,forget,try,stop等动词或动词短语后,既可以用动名词作宾语,也可以用不定式作宾语。但表达的意思不同,如:stop
12、doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 (2015 益阳26题)forget doing sth.忘了做过某事(已做)forget to do sth.忘了要去做某事(未做)(2015郴州28题)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)remember to do sth.记得要去做某事(未做)need doing sth.需要做某事(被动含义)need to do sth.需要去做某事(主动含义)regret doing sth.对做过的事感到遗憾、后 悔(已做)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未 做)mean
13、doing sth.意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算或想做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事go on doing sth.继续做某事go on to do sth.(完成某事后)继续做别的事现学现用1.对我们来说,保护环境很重要。_2.我已经决定学习一门外语法语。_3.我认为每天早上读英语是有必要的。_ _Its important for us to protect the environment.I have decided to learn a foreign languageFrench.I think it is
14、necessary to read English every morning.4.我爸爸要求我在完成作业之前不要玩电脑 游戏。_ _5.保罗期待尽可能快地见到他的祖父母。_ _My father asks me not to play computer games before finishing my homework.Paul looks forward to meeting his grandparents as soon as possible.6.我的数学老师建议我用另一种方法来解决这个难题。_ _My math teacher advises me to solve this p
15、roblem in another.7.My friend invited me _ the art club,and I accepted it happily.A.join B.to join C.joinedB8.My parents dont allow me _ to the party at night.A.go B.to go C.goes9.The story was so funny that it made us _ again and again.A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughedBA10.My grandfather goes to the par
16、k _ exercise every day.A.do B.doing C.to doC11.His friend would rather _ the football match than _ a new film.A.watch;to see B.to watch;see C.watch;seeC12.The policeman told the children _ play in the street.A.to not B.dont C.not to13.I was tired,so I stopped _ a short rest.A.have B.having C.to have
17、CC14.Animals are our good friends.We are supposed _ them.A.to protect B.protect C.protecting15.I will try my best to stop my son from _ the same mistake.A.make B.made C.makingCA16.What do you remember about Grade 7?I remember _ a football game.A.to win B.winning C.winB17.Mary used to _ in the countryside,but now she is used to _ in the city.A.live;live B.live;living C.living;liveB18.Would you mind _ now?Its already midnight.Sorry,I wont.A.not singing B.not to sing C.singingA