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1、专题十六 主从复合句1.概念：由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句连接而成的句子叫主从复合句。主句是全句的主体，往往可以独立存在，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立存在。从句也有自己的主语和谓语部分，需要有一个关联词引导才能和主句连接。2.分类：从句主要有以下六种：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。根据考纲要求，现主要讲述宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。考点归纳考点归纳考点一：宾语从句考点一：宾语从句在主从复合句中，在动词或者介词后面充当宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。构成：主句+引导词+陈述句语序（主谓结构）如：Can you tell me where he is from?主
2、句 从句（宾语从句）考点梳理考点梳理1.宾语从句的引导词原句原句引导词引导词引导词引导词陈述句that无意义，可省略Lucy says(that)the tall man is our new teacher.露西说那个高个子男人是我们的新老师。一般疑问句if/whether（后用or not时只用whether）Do you know if he was born in China?你知道他是不是中国出生的吗？考点梳理考点梳理特殊疑问句用what，who，where，when，how等特殊疑问词The teacher asks where he lives.老师问他住在哪里。（续表）考点梳理
3、考点梳理1.I saw David in the teachers office this morning.Do you know he was there?He went there to hand in his homework.(2015南京市)A.how B.whether C.when D.why2.Its amazing!I cant believe you could make it to the top in such a short time!(2016包头市)A.which B.what C.that D.if 考点自测考点自测DC2.宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问
4、句，宾语从句都要用陈述句语序。即：引导词+主语+谓语+其他 考点梳理考点梳理 3.We dont know when next week.Please call me when he arrives.(2015南充市)A.will he arrive B.does he arrive C.he will arrive D.he arrives 4.Could you tell me Zhang Aipings hometown？The day after tomorrow,I think(2016达州市)A.when will you visit B.when you will visit C
5、.why you will visit D.how you will visit 考点自测考点自测CB3.宾语从句的时态在宾语从句中，谓语动词的时态要和主句中谓语动词的时态保持一致，其一般规律为：规律规律主句主句从句时态从句时态例句例句主现从任意一般现在时任何时态We dont know where he was born.我们不知道他生于何时。主过从任过一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时The police asked the boy where his mum was.警察问男孩他妈妈在哪里。考点梳理考点梳理从真理用一般任何时态一般现在时Our teacher told u
6、s the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。（续表）考点梳理考点梳理5.The teacher told us that the sun in the east.(2015雅安市)A.had risen B.has risen C.rose D.rises6.The police wondered .(2015临沂市)A.whose handbag it is B.whose handbag it was C.whose handbag is it D.whose handbag was it 考点自测考点自测DB7.I wonder .It w
7、ill fall on a Saturday.(2016广东省)A.how will National Day fall on this year B.how National Day will fall on this year C.what day will National Day fall on this year D.what day National Day will fall on this year8.Could you tell me?At nine oclock,in ten minutes.(2016绵阳市)A.how will he leave B.when he ha
8、s left C.why he is leaving D.when he will leave 考点自测考点自测DD4.宾语从句的注意问题（1）宾语从句与简单句的转换：当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，从句可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：I dont know what I should do next.=I dont know what to do next.我不知道接下来要做什么。（2）宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句谓语动词think，suppose，believe等后接宾语从句，且主句的主语是第一人称，变否定句时应否定主句。如：I dont think you are right.
9、我认为你不对。考点梳理考点梳理（3）引导词在从句中作主语时，语序不变。如：Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克问我今天下午谁会给我们讲课。（who是引导词，在宾语从句中作主语，本身已是陈述语序，不需再变）（4）whats the matter/wrong with 在宾语从句中不变语序。如：The doctor wanted to know what was the matter with you.医生想知道你哪里不舒服。I want to know whats wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦
10、。考点梳理考点梳理9.I really dont know this question.It is too hard.(2015自贡市)A.which to answer B.how to answer C.what to answer D.where to answer10.Wow,Wendy,its cool to make a short video with your mobile phone.Just with an APP called Meipai.Let me show you .A.which to use B.how to use it C.what to use D.wh
11、ere to use it 考点自测考点自测BB考点二：状语从句考点二：状语从句在复合句中，做状语成分的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句可分为：时间、条件、地点、原因、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的等从句，由不同的引导词引导。考点梳理考点梳理1.时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词有：when，while，as，till，not until，since，before，after，as soon as等。引导词引导词用法用法例句例句whenwhen引导的时间状语从句中既可接延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词，多用一般过去时They were talking happily when I walked pas
12、t the door.当我从门前走过，他们正在开心地聊天。常考时间状语从句 考点梳理考点梳理whilewhile强调主句和从句动作同时发生，所引导的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词，多用进行时态。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.当妈妈在做饭的时候，我在做作业。not until主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，主句要用否定式，从句用肯定式。The bus wont start until everybody gets on.公共汽车直到每个人都上车才会发动。考点梳理考点梳理（续表）since主句谓语动词一般用现在完成时，从句谓语动
13、词一般用一般过去时。Five yeas has passed since we saw each other last time.距离我们上次见面已经五年过去了。beforebefore 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。We turned off the light before we left.我们在离开前关了灯。考点梳理考点梳理（续表）afterafter 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡觉了。as soon as 若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。I
14、will tell him the news as soon as I see him.我一看见他，就会告诉他这个消息。考点梳理考点梳理（续表）1.Some people wont realize the importance of their health they have lost it.(2015自贡市)A.when B.until C.after D.since2.Would you please give this newly-published novel to Jack?Certainly,he comes back.(2015泰安市)A.before B.as soon as
15、 C.until D.unlessBB 考点自测考点自测3.To make your DIY work perfect,youd better not start you get all the tools ready.(2016苏州市)A.when B.while C.before D.after4.It will be 2 years we see each other again.A.after B.before C.since D.whenCB 考点自测考点自测2.条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词主要有if和unless，两者可转换。在条件状语从句中，从句常用一般现在时表将来，即主将从
16、现。如：You will fail the exam if you dont work hard.=You will fail the exam unless you work hard.如果不努力学习，你考试会不及格的。考点梳理考点梳理5.Well have a picnic near the river tomorrow it rains heavily.(2015眉山市)A.until B.if C.unless D.when6.I hope you will enjoy your trip,dear!Thank you,mum.Ill give you a call I get the
17、re.A.until B.as soon as C.since D.tillCB 考点自测考点自测3.原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有because，since，as等。注意：because和so不能同时使用。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。考点梳理考点梳理7.We didnt enjoy the day the weather was so bad.(2015杭州市)A.because B.though C.unless D.till8.you know your dream cle
18、arly,then try your best to make it come true.A.Since B.Though C.Because D.For 考点自测考点自测AA4.让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词有though/although，even though/if等。注意：though/although与but不能同时出现在一个句子里。如：Though he is in poor health,he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。考点梳理考点梳理9.She passed the exam she had not studied very hard.A.if
19、B.though C.while D.until10.Shall we go on working?Yes,I prefer to have a rest.A.when B.if C.because D.though 考点自测考点自测BD5.比较状语从句比较状语从句的引导词有as as，than等。如：Peter is not as tall as his brother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。考点梳理考点梳理11.How are you getting along with your new job?Very good.I dont feel it as as the last one.A.
20、boring B.bored C.more boring D.easy12.Lin Dan won the badminton game again.Yes,I think no one can do than him.(2015成都市)A.well B.better C.best D.good 考点自测考点自测AB6.结果状语从句结果状语从句的引导词有so/such that 等。（1）区分两种句式：so+adj./adv.+that such+(a/an)+adj.+n.+that 如：Tom is so clever that he learns Chinese well.=Tom is
21、 such a clever boy that he learns Chinese well.汤姆如此聪明，语文学得很好。（2）注意：当名词前有much，many，little，few等词修饰时，只能用so。如：You cant spend so much time on computer games.你不能花这么多时间在网络游戏上。考点梳理考点梳理13.It is a beautiful garden we like to play in it.(2015宜宾市)A.so；that B.such；that C.too；to D.very；that14.Bob is always polite
22、 to everyone,and he is lovely all of us like him very much.(2015凉山彝族自治州)A.too；to B.neither；nor C.so；that D.such；that 考点自测考点自测BC7.目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有so that，in order that等。如：He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboard clearly.他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。8.方式状语从句方式状语从句的引导词有as。如：Students do as the
23、teachers say.同学们按照老师说的去做。9.地点状语从句地点状语从句的引导词有where，wherever等。如：Id like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空气清新的地方。考点梳理考点梳理考点三：定语从句考点三：定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句如：I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.先行词 引导词 从句（定语从句）考点梳理考点梳理1.关系词的选用先
24、行词先行词关系词关系词例句例句人who/that The girl who/that has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。物which/thatLucy likes music which/that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。考点梳理考点梳理1.This is the book tells many English stories.(2015自贡市)A.what B.which C.who D.when2.Shakespeare is a great writer is considered as a genius(天才).I thin
25、k so.Many people around the world admire him very much.(2016哈尔滨市)A.when B.who C.which D.what 考点自测考点自测BB2.只能用关系代词that的情况(1)先行词被最高级修饰如：This is the most interesting class that I have ever had.这是我上过最有趣的课。(2)先行词被序数词修饰如：The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们要做的第一件事就是获得一些食物。(3)先行词同时包含人和物如
26、：Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported?你记得我们报道过的那位作家和他的书吗？考点梳理考点梳理(4)先行词前有the one，the only，the last等修饰词如：The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal.我现在唯一想做的事就是大吃一顿。(5)先行词前有some，any，all，much，something，everything等不定代词如：Please move out all the desks that are ol
27、d.请把所有旧桌子搬出去。考点梳理考点梳理3.Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.Yes.It seems to be the best way of communication people like.(2015福州市)A.that B.which C.who D.whom4.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.Everything comes into sight is so new to me.(2016广东省)A.that B.which
28、 C.who D.whom 考点自测考点自测AA3.定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词”作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：（1）He is the man who/that lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个男人。（2）He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一。考点梳理考点梳理5.The photo taken by my brother last week is very nice.(2015呼和浩特市)A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was6.I prefer movies me something to think about.(2016绵阳市)A.which gives B.that gives C.that give D.who give 考点自测考点自测DC