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1、Unit 1 A land of diversityUnit 1 Section Learning about Language栏目导航课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展课后限时作业课后限时作业课末随堂演练课末随堂演练名词性从句名词性从句一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（_从句）他是否来这对我来说不重要。I dont know what he means.（_从句）我不知道他是什么意思。课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展考点语法细解Im glad
2、that you are here.（_从句）我很高兴你能在这。The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（_ 从句）老师对你所做的很满意。That was because he was ill.（_从句）那是因为他病了。The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（_从句）他在比赛中死亡的消息震惊了我们所有人。连接词连接词词义词义功能功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what,which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语wh
3、o,whom,whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when,where,how,why什么时候，地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much多少作定语how soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语二、引导名词性从句的连接词whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语1.th
4、at引导的从句如果作介词的宾语，只可用在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后。如：I could say nothing but that Im sorry.我只能说我很抱歉。that引导的从句可作it的同位语从句。如：You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.请放心，所有的货物都会准时交付。2.that引导宾语从句时通常可省略，作介词的宾语时不可省略，that引导其他名词性从句时一般不省略，特别是引导主语从句且位于句首时。如：That the earth is round is t
5、rue.地球是圆的（这件事）是真的。The fact that he is a thief got around.他是小偷的事实传开了。【注意注意】下面一句中，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略：He said（that）he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.他说他已经在这里工作了十年，他想回家。3.whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别。（1）在引导宾语从句时whether与if可互换，但如果和or not连用则只能用whether。如：I dont know whether o
6、r not he can stay here longer.我不知道他是否能再待在这了。（2）如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if而不用whether引导。如：He asked me if I wasnt going there.他问我是不是不会去那里。（3）介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。如：Im not interested in whether he is rich.我对他是否富有不感兴趣。（4）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般用whether。如：Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.它对我们是有害还是有益，
7、还得等着瞧。The question is whether you can do it yourself.问题是你是否能独自做。The question whether he will come here isnt decided yet.他是否会来这的问题还没有决定。（5）用it作形式主语时，whether或if都可以引导主语从句。如：It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.我也不清楚他是否喜欢这礼物。4.注意what/whatever，who/whoever，which/whichever的区别。试比较下列句子：Whoev
8、er will go to the concert please sign your name here.=Anyone who will go to the concert please sign your name here.任何想去音乐会的人请在这里签上名字。Who will go to the concert isnt known.=Its unknown who will go to the concert.不知道谁要去音乐会。He wont believe whatever she says.=No matter what she says，he wont believe her.
9、他不相信她说的任何话。Whichever toy you want is yours.=No matter which toy you want，it is yours.不论你想要哪一个玩具，那都是你的。5.注意how long/how soon/how often/how much的区别。如：How long will he stay here?他将在这里待多久？How soon can you be ready?你多久能准备好？How often do you visit her?你多长时间去探望她一次？How much is that dress?那件衣服多少钱？6.当主句谓语动词表示不
10、肯定或怀疑时，宾语从句用whether/if引导；表示有把握时用that引导。如：I doubt whether/if he can win the match.我怀疑他能否赢得这场比赛。I dont doubt that he can win the match.我毫不怀疑他能赢得这场比赛。7.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别。what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。如：What you said yesterday is right.你昨天说的是对的。That she is still alive is a fact.她还活着，这是事实。（
11、一）主语从句（一）主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that引导。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom引导。如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。It was Tom that/who told us the news.告诉我们这
12、个消息的人是汤姆。2.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。如：有没有人帮过他还不知道。Whether someone helped him is still unknown.（）If someone helped him is still unknown.（）（2）It is said（reported）结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：据说习主席下周要来我校视察。It is said that President xi will visit our school next week.（）That President xi will visit our sc
13、hool next week is said.（）（3）It happens/It occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他考试没及格。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（）That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（）（4）It doesnt matter how/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他是不是错了，这一点不重要。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.（）Whether he is wro
14、ng or not doesnt matter.（）（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：傍晚有可能下雨吗？Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?（）Is that will rain in the evening likely?（）（二）宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语（1）由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）。如：I heard that he joined the army.我听说他参军了。（2）由what，whether，
15、if 引导的宾语从句。如：She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么事。（3）动词间接宾语宾语从句（此时that通常不省略）。如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.她跟我说她愿意接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语。如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们的合作情况。3.作形容词的宾语。如：I am afraid（that）Ive made a mistake.我恐怕是犯错了
16、。【注意注意】that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句看作原因状语从句。4.it 作形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而把真正的宾语that 从句放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。如：We heard it that sh
17、e would get married next month.我们听说她打算下个月结婚。5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有：refuse，let，like，cause，force，admire，condemn，celebrate，allow，dislike，love，help，take，forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句作宾语。如：我非常羡慕他们赢得了比赛的胜利。I admire their winning the match.（）I admire that they won the match.（）6.不可用that从句作直接宾
18、语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句”结构中，常见的有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。如：作为一个诚实的人，他给经理留下了很深的印象。He impressed the manager as an honest man.（）He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.（）7.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，ima
19、gine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。如：I dont think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。（三）表语从句（三）表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。另外，常用的还有The reason is that和It is because 等结构。如：The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.问题是我们能否在那么短的时间内做好充分的准备。This is why we cant get the support of the people.这就是我们得不到人民支持的原因。