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1、 专题十一 细节理解高考英语高考英语(江苏省专用)A A组组自主命题自主命题江苏卷题组江苏卷题组Passage1(2017江苏,A)词数:189CHRONOLOGICATheUnbelievableYearsthatDefinedHistory五年高考DIDYOUKNOW.In105ADpaperwasinventedinChina?WhenColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld?TheBritishMuseumopenedin1759?CHRONOLOGICAisafascinatingjourneythroughtime,fromthefoundationofRomet
2、othecre-ationoftheinternet.Alongthewayaretalesofkingsandqueens,hotairballoons.andmonkeysinspace.Travelthrough100ofthemostunbelievableyearsinworldhistoryandlearnwhybeingaRomanEmperorwasntalwaysasgoodasitsounds,howtheHundredYearsWardidntactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortuna
3、terecord.CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory,beautifullyillustratedandfullofunbelievablefacts.WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGreat,thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesofless-er-knownindividualsincludingtheexplorerMungoPar
4、kandsculptorGutzonBorglum.Thiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold,andguaran-teedtopresenteventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomethingnew!1.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothetext?A.Abiography.B.Atravelguide.C.Ahistorybook.D.Asciencefiction.2.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCH
5、RONOLOGICAtoreaders?A.Bygivingdetailsofitscollection.B.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.C.Bytellingstoriesatthebeginning.D.Bycomparingitwithotherbooks.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一本叫CHRONOLOGICA的历史书,这本书中有人类历史上的很多重要年份、重要事件、重要人物,还有一些不很出名的人物。1.C推理判断题。根据开头的“TheUnbelievableYearsthatDefinedHistory”并结合后文对这本书的描述,我们可以
6、推断出这本书是一本历史书。2.B细节理解题。本文的大量篇幅被用于介绍书中的历史时间、历史事件和历史人物,由此可知作者通过介绍书的内容的方式来推荐这本书,所以答案为B项。重点词汇重点词汇definevt.解释;阐明;给下定义guaranteevt.确保;保证词汇积累词汇积累informativeadj.给予知识的illustratevt.(用插图、示例)说明;加插图于Passage2(2016江苏,A)词数:203DaySchoolProgramSecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard(TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneor
7、twoe-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Stu-dentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovative,relevantandinteractivelearningenvironment.Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation.Theseon-linecourses:aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers;are
8、partoftheTDSBstudentstimetable;and,appearonthestudentsreportuponcompletion.Benefitsofe-LearningInclude:accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool;usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation;and,assistancetosolvetimetableconflicts.Ise-LearningforYou?Studentswhoaresuccessfulin
9、anon-linecourseareusually:abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner;and,abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccess.Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclas
10、sroomcourse.续表1.E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.A.theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachersB.theyarenotonthedayschooltimetableC.theyarenotincludedonstudentsreportsD.theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses2.Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-Learningcourses?A.Tolearninformationtechnologyon-l
11、ine.B.Todotheirassignmentsindependently.C.Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.D.Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了e-Learningcourses即网上学习课程的情况。1.D推理判断题。根据文章第三段的aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers可知,这些网上学习课程只是由TDSB的老师教授而没有说是最好的TDSB老师教,所以A项错误;根据第一段可知网上学习课程是在学生的dayschooltimetabl
12、e上的,因此B项错误;根据文章第三段appearonthestudentsreportuponcompletion可知,网上学习课程是会出现在学生的report里的,所以C项错误;由文章第一段和第四段可推测出这些网上学习课程是TDSB课程的补充,所以D项正确。2.B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知,在网上课程上成功的学生是能够以负责和诚实的态度独立学习的,所以可推测出,在完成网上学习课程之前学生需要独立地去完成自己的任务,因此B项正确。文章没有提到A、C、D三项。高级语块高级语块1.beavailable可被利用或得到的2.providesb.withsth.为某人提供某物3.becapab
13、leof有能力,能够长难句长难句Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclassroomcourse.在他们的网络课程学习上学生需要花费至少跟面对面班级课程上一样多的时间。本句为比较状语从句,asmuchtimeas.是一个同级比较。Passage3(2016江苏,B)词数:385Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterrito-ry.Bu
14、tbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdontnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacage
15、wherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandomhejustdoesntcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,to
16、shareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchil-dren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstob
17、elievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnatu-rallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintell
18、igencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.ThecoreofwhatchildrensmindshaveandchimpsdontiswhatTomaselloca
19、llssharedinten-tionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.1.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothersin
20、terests.B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighborsfood.D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.2.MichaelTomasellostestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey.A.havetheinstincttohelpothersB.knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC.knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD.trustadultswiththeirhandsf
21、ull3.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB.waystotrainchildrenssharedintentionalityC.cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。很小的孩子就会帮助别人,与人合作和分享,这是人的本性。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A项正确。其中C项干扰性较大,黑猩猩只是自私,而不是喜欢那么做。2.A
22、推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.可知,小孩帮助他人是出于本能,故选A项。B项太片面;C、D两项文中没提到。3.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。A项干扰性较大,文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。高级语块高级语块1.atran
23、dom胡乱;任意地,随便地2.nobetterthan几乎等于3.participatein参加长难句长难句Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom.如果一只黑猩猩被放在一个笼子里,在这个笼子里它能为自己拿一盘食物,或者能不付出更多的努力就可以拿到为旁边笼子里的邻居也提供食物的盘子,它会随意拿本句中if引导条件状语从句,其中有两个定
24、语从句,第一个为where引导的定语从句修饰先行词acage,第二个为that引导的定语从句修饰先行词aplate。Passage4(2015江 苏,A)词数:2071.AccordingtotheCode,visitorsshouldact.A.withcareandrespectB.withreliefandpleasureC.withcautionandcalmnessD.withattentionandobservation2.WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?A.Takeyourowncampingfacilitie
25、s.B.Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.C.Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.D.Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.答案答案语篇解读本文为应用文,主要向游客介绍了在新西兰旅游时的注意事项。1.A推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,文章介绍的游客须知,都在要求游客在新西兰旅游时应该注意遵守规则并尊重当地环境。故选A项。2.C细节理解题。根据第七条Camporpicniccarefully中usefacilitiesprovided可知,露营野炊要使用所提供的设施,A项错误;根据第三条Getridofrubbish
26、中recyclewaste(e.g.,glass,paper)wherepossible可知,玻璃、纸张等垃圾应该被回收而不是被掩埋,B项错误;根据第八条注意事项Keeptothetrack下的内容可知,要走在已有的小道上,以免损伤脆弱的植被,C项符合题意;根据第二条Protectplantsandanimals可知,不要在鸟类栖息地让宠物乱跑,另外根据最后一条Beconsid-erate中observenosmokingsigns可知,要注意禁烟标志,并不是接近鸟类栖息地要注意标志,D项错误。高级语块高级语块1.beconsideratewith考虑某事;体谅某事2.inthebackcou
27、ntry在偏僻的乡村3.lessenthechanceof.减少的可能性长难句长难句IfindoubtdeclareittoCustoms.如果拿不准,就向海关申报。Ifindoubt是省略的状语从句,相当于Ifyouareindoubt;declareittoCustoms是祈使句。declare在本句中指(向海关)申报,另外还可表示“公布,宣告”。Passage5(2013江苏,A)词数:243GuestServicesFrontGateGuestServicescanhelpyouwithanythingfromfindingoutwhattimeyourfavouriteshowsta
28、rtstopurchasingtickets.TheGuestServiceslocationinsideFrontGatealsoservesasamessagecentre,lostchildrensareaandlostandfound.CanadasWonderlanddoesnotofferpersonalizedpublicpaging(传呼).Food&DrinkOptionsShopsarelocatedthroughoutCanadasWonderland.PicnicbasketsandcoolersarewelcomeattheshelterlocatedoutsideW
29、onderlandonthenorthsideofourFrontGate.OutsidefoodanddrinksarenotallowedinthePark.BottledwatermaybebroughtintothePark.ATMsATMsarelocatedjustinsidetheParkbesideStroller,LockerandWheelchairRentalsattheFrontGate,aswellasKidZville(besideGuestServices),SplashWorks(twolocations),andoutsideThunderRun.PetCar
30、eApetcarefacilityislocatedoutsideourFrontGateonthesouthsideforadailyfee.Waterandair-conditionedsheltersareprovided.Guestsareaskedtoprovidefoodandexercise.1.TheleafletistoinformvisitorsoftheParks.A.advancedmanagementB.thrillperformancesC.entertainmentfacilitiesD.thoughtfulservices2.AvisitortotheParkc
31、an.A.rentastrolleroutsideFrontGate B.askforfirstaidbyThunderRunC.smokeintheWaterParkD.leavehispetatKidZvilleFirstAidIfyouneedmedicalassistance,tellanyparkemployeewhowillcallFirstAidandhavethemcometoyourlocation.Stroller,LockerandWheelchairRentalsStroller,lockerandwheelchairrentalsareavailableinsidet
32、heParkattheFrontGate,besideThrillsAreWonderland.SmokingPolicySmokingisnotpermittedwhileridingorstandinginlineforridesorinanyofthechildrensareasortheWaterPark.Smokingispermittedindesignated(指定的)areasonly.FailuretoobserveallParkrulescouldresultinbeingdrivenoutoftheParkwithoutrefund.续表答案答案语篇解读本文为应用文,题材
33、为广告、传单类。主要介绍了CanadasWonderland的相关信息,目的是让读者了解CanadasWonderland的相关服务和规定。1.D细节理解题。根据GuestServices,Food&DrinkOptions,ATMs,PetCare,FirstAid及Stroller,LockerandWheelchairRentals部分内容可知,本广告/传单(theleaflet)介绍的都是关于CanadasWonderland为游客提供贴心服务的信息(thoughtfulservices),故选D项。文章没有太多涉及该公园先进的管理、激动人心的表演和娱乐设施,故排除A、B、C三项。2.
34、B细节理解题。根据Stroller,lockerandwheelchairrentalsareavailableinsidetheParkattheFrontGate部分内容可知,stroller在公园的里边,排除A项;从FirstAid部分可以了解到如果你需要医疗帮助,你可以告诉任何一名工作人员,他会帮你把急救人员叫到你所在的地方,B项正确;根据SmokingPolicy部分SmokingisnotpermittedwhileridingorstandinginlineforridesorinanyofthechildrensareasortheWaterPark.可排除C项;根据PetCa
35、re部分ApetcarefacilityislocatedoutsideourFrontGateonthesouthsideforadailyfee.可排除D项。评析评析本题是一道细节理解题。四个备选项涉及的信息比较分散,需要考生耐心寻找和比对。另外正确答案B项中的ThunderRun在FirstAid部分并没有提及,在ATMs部分反而提及了Thun-derRun,由这一部分的内容可以看出ThunderRun应该是乐园中的一处设施,很有可能就是急救中心的名称,这需要考生展开丰富的想象。高级语块高级语块1.serveas充当,担任2.observerules遵守规则3.resultin导致长难句
36、长难句FrontGateGuestServicescanhelpyouwithanythingfromfindingoutwhattimeyourfavouriteshowstartstopurchasingtickets.从帮您弄清您喜欢的节目开演的时间到买票,前门客服中心可以为您提供任何服务。本句from.to.结构中findingout后whattimeyourfavouriteshowstarts为宾语从句。B B组组统一命题、省统一命题、省(区、市区、市)卷题组卷题组Passage1(2017课标全国,A)词数:236SanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFra
37、nciscoWineryTourRunning:February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefa-mousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketprice)DepartingfromtheCannery:TourtimesuponrequestDuration(时长):2hoursPrice
38、:$90BacktotheFiftiesTourRunning:August16ththroughAugust31stThistourtransportsyoubackintimetooneofSanFranciscosmostfantasticperiods,the1950s!En-joyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.DepartingfromtheCannery:5:00pmand7:30pmDuration:2hoursPrice:$90SpookyHalloweenTourRunning:
39、October10ththroughOctober31stJoinusforaridethroughthehistoricalPresidiodistrict.Authenticfiregear(服装)isprovidedforyourwarmthasourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFrancisco.DepartingfromtheCannery:6:30pmand8:30pmDuration:1hourand30minutesPrice:AvailableuponrequestHolidayLightsTour
40、Running:December6ththroughDecember23rdThisattractivetourtakesyoutosomeofSanFranciscosmostcheerfulholidayscenes.Authenticfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmthasyougetintotheholidayspirit.DepartingfromtheCannery:7:00pmand9:00pmDuration:1hourand30minutesAdvancereservationsrequired.1.Whichofthetoursisavailabl
41、einMarch?A.SanFranciscoWineryTour.B.BacktotheFiftiesTour.C.SpookyHalloweenTour.D.HolidayLightsTour.2.WhatcantouristsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTour?A.GotoTreasureIsland.B.Enjoytheholidayscenes.C.Havefreeicecream.D.VisitthePresidiodistrict.3.WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?A.Takesomedrink
42、s.B.Setoffearlyinthemorning.C.Wearwarmclothes.D.Makereservationsinadvance.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇广告类文章。介绍了旧金山四项各具特色的游玩活动。1.A细节理解题。根据短文中对这四项活动的运行时间的介绍可知,第一项活动的时间是February1stthroughApril30th,即从2月1号一直到4月30号,所以答案为A项。2.C细节理解题。根据第二部分的“aswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream”可知,参加这项游玩活动你可以品尝到免费的冰激凌,所以答
43、案为C项。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的最后一句话“Advancereservationsrequired.”可知,参加这项游玩活动需要提前预订,所以答案为D项。重点词汇重点词汇transportsb.backto把某人带回到(另一地点或时间)thrillingadj.惊险的;刺激的reservationn.预订;预约Passage2(2017课标全国,A)词数:225PacificScienceCenterGuideVisitPacificScienceCentersStoreDontforgettostopbyPacificScienceCentersStorewhileyouare
44、heretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.Hungry?Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmind,butwhataboutyourbody?Ourcafoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecafislocatedupstairsinBuilding1an
45、disopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses.RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired.SupportPac
46、ificScienceCenterSince1962,PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.Today,PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3mil-lionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.Itsanamazinga
47、ccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgen-eroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.Visitpacificsciencecen-ter.orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.1.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.B.InBuilding3.C.AttheLaserDome.D.AttheDenny
48、Wayentrance.2.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A.Trainscienceteachers.B.Distributesciencebooks.C.Inspirescientificresearch.D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.3.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter
49、shistory.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。假如你要到太平洋科学中心参观游玩,可以认真阅读本文,以获得帮助。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“topickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenir”和“ThestoreislocatedupstairsinBuilding3”可知,游客可以在三号楼买到纪念品。所以答案为B项。2.D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“andbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclass-rooms”可知,该科学中心会把科学教育带进教室,所以答案为D项。3.A推理判断题。根据短文最后的“.
50、wecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfrom.”和“Visit.tofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.”可知,文章最后一部分的目的是鼓励人们为该科学中心提供捐助。由此推断出答案为A项。长难句长难句原句:Itsanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.分析:本句为复合句。one指代前面的acco