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1、Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Section Learning about Language栏目导航课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展课后限时作业课后限时作业课末随堂演练课末随堂演练过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语一、过去分词作表语过去分词作表语时,总是在系动词(如be,appear,feel,remain,seem,look等)之后,构成系表结构。All the doors are locked.所有的门都是锁着的。She is neatly dressed.她衣着整洁。课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展考点语法细解He felt thorough
2、ly broken down.他觉得身体彻底垮了。They seemed terribly shocked.他们似乎极度震惊。The children looked puzzled.孩子们都像是迷惑不解。二、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,在语态上,表被动;在时间上,表示动作已经发生或完成。1.过去分词作定语有时也不表示时间性。例如:He is a teacher loved by his students.他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。2.也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况,一般作前置定语,它不表示被动意义,只强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如:fallen l
3、eaves 落叶retired workers 退休工人the risen sun 升起的太阳3.过去分词前加一名词或副词,常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词,放在其修饰的名词前,作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体,所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如:This is a state-owned factory.这是一家国营工厂。This is our newly-built factory.这是我们的新建的工厂。三、过去分词作补语三、过去分词作补语(主补、宾补)1.用过去分词作补语的动词有以下三类:(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如:see,watch,o
4、bserve,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等。I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大。(2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。Dont leave those things undo
5、ne.要把那些事情做完。(3)表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如:like,order,want,wish,expect等,后用“vt.+(to be)+pp.”。I would like this matter(to be)settled at once.我希望此事立刻得到解决。I wish my homework(to be)finished before five oclock.我希望5点前完成我的作业。【注意】过去分词作补语还用在“with(without)宾语补语”结构中。例如:All the afternoon,he worked with the door locked.整个下
6、午,他都是锁着门干活。Without the job finished,I wouldnt dare to go home.由于工作没有干完,我不敢回家。2.过去分词作宾补时,要注意以下几种情况:(1)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。1)过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如:He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。(被别人偷去了)2)过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如:He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(自己的经历)(2)过去分词在原句中作宾补时,如果原句变为被动语态,那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如:The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。The meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了,一切都布置得井井有条。