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1、 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List UCLES 2018 From 2020 VOCABULARY LIST B1 Preliminary B1 Preliminary for Schools UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List Introduction to the Preliminary Vocabulary List The Preliminary Vocabulary List give
2、s teachers a guide to the vocabulary needed when preparing students for the Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools examinations.Background to the list The Preliminary Vocabulary List was originally developed by Cambridge Assessment in consultation with external consultants to guide item writers who
3、 produce materials for the Preliminary examination.It includes vocabulary from the Council of Europes Threshold(1990)specification and other vocabulary which corpus evidence shows is high frequency.The list covers vocabulary appropriate to the B1 level on the Common European Framework of Reference(C
4、EFR)and includes receptive vocabulary(words that the candidate is expected to understand but which are not the focus of a question)and productive vocabulary(words that the candidate needs to know to answer a question).The list does not provide an exhaustive list of all words which appear on the Prel
5、iminary and Preliminary for Schools question papers and candidates should not confine their study of vocabulary to the list alone.How the list is updated The vocabulary of English changes over time,with words being added and other words falling into disuse.In order to maintain its currency,the Preli
6、minary Vocabulary List is updated on a regular basis,with the decision to add or remove words being informed by reference to the Cambridge Learner Corpus and English Profile Wordlists.The Cambridge Learner Corpus is a collection of over 44 million words of English,based upon evidence of language use
7、 by learners from all over the world and from which the English Vocabulary Profile has developed.The English Vocabulary Profile shows the most common words and phrases that learners of English need to know in British or American English.The meaning of each word or phrase in the wordlists has been as
8、signed a level between A1 and B2 on the CEFR.A preview version of the English Vocabulary Profile can be accessed by visiting the website:http:/www.englishprofile.org Organisation of the list Word sets Some categories of words that a learner at this level might be expected to know,e.g.days of the wee
9、k,are not included in the alphabetical list but are listed in Appendix 1.Although grammar words(pronouns,modal verbs,etc.)are included,the Language Specification section of the Preliminary Handbook and Preliminary for Schools Handbook(available from from www.cambridgeenglish.org)should be consulted
10、for a more complete listing.Exemplification Example phrases and sentences showing how words might be used are given only where words with different meanings need to be constrained.For example,heel is followed by I cant walk in high heels this shows that heel is limited to the idea of shoes:candidate
11、s are not expected to know other meanings,such as the part of the body.UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List Multi-word verbs Multi-word verbs are not included in the list if they have a literal meaning and are composed of verbs and particles already in the
12、list.Examples of literal multi-word verbs are come into,sit down,as in Why not come into the kitchen and sit down?If the meaning of the verb is not transparent,e.g.find out,get along,give in,then the verb is listed and an example of usage given.Topic lists In Appendix 2,words have been grouped toget
13、her under common Preliminary and/or Preliminary for Schools themes,such as Food and Drink,House and Home and Sport.Not all the words in the Topic Lists headings appear on the wordlist.Unsuitable topics Cambridge Assessment English examinations must not contain anything that might offend or upset can
14、didates,potentially affect their performance or distract them during the examination.A number of sensitive topics are considered unsuitable for use in Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools,for example war and politics,and vocabulary relating to these is not included in the Preliminary Vocabulary L
15、ist.Personal vocabulary The content of the Preliminary Vocabulary List is general in nature and is unlikely to cover completely the productive vocabulary that may be required by all candidates.Candidates should know the specific lexis they will need to describe themselves and their lives,for example
16、 hobbies,likes and dislikes.Abbreviations Abbreviations used in the Preliminary Vocabulary List are:abbrev abbreviation or acronym mv modal verb adj adjective n noun adv adverb phr v phrasal verb av auxiliary verb pl plural Am Eng American English prep preposition Br Eng British English prep phr pre
17、positional phrase conj conjunction pron pronoun det determiner sing singular exclam exclamation v verb Summary of points to be noted The list does not include every word that may appear on a Preliminary or Preliminary for Schools paper.The list covers receptive and productive vocabulary.The list is
18、updated regularly.UCLES 2018 Page 4 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List A a/an(det)ability(n)able(adj)be able to about(adv&prep)about 500 students(adv)The film is about a small boy.(prep)above(adj,adv&prep)abroad(adv)absent(adj)absolutely(adv)The movie was absolutely awful.
19、accent(n)She has a beautiful French accent.accept(v)acceptable(adj)access(n)disabled access internet access accident(n)accommodation(n)accompany(v)according to(prep phr)account(n)accountant(n)accurate(adj)ache(n)achieve(v)achievement(n)across(adv&prep)act(n&v)in the second act(of the play)(n)to act
20、in a play(v)Stop acting like a child.(v)action(n)active(adj)activity(n)actor(n)actress(n)actually(adv)She seems a bit strict at first,but shes actually very nice.Are you actually going to take the job?ad(advertisement)(n)add(v)addition(n)in addition address(n)admire(v)admission(n)charges/cost/price
21、admit(v)adult(adj&n)advance(n)book in advance advanced(adj)advantage(n)adventure(n)advert(n)advertise(v)advertisement(n)advice(n)advise(v)aeroplane(n)affect(v)afford(v)afraid(adj)after(adv,conj&prep)afternoon(n)afterwards(adv)again(adv)against(prep)age(n)aged(adj)agency(n)a travel agency ages(n pl)I
22、t took ages for the bus to arrive.ago(adv)agree(v)ahead(adv)aim(n&v)air(n)air conditioning(n)air force(n)airline(n)airport(n)alarm(n)alarm clock(n)album(n)alike(adv)alive(adj)all(adj,adv,det&pron)all right/alright(adj,adv&exclam)allow(v)almost(adv)alone(adv&adj)along(adv&prep)aloud(adv)alphabet(n)al
23、ready(adv)also(adv)although(conj)altogether(adv)always(adv)a.m.(adv)amazed(adj)amazing(adj)ambition(n)ambulance(n)UCLES 2018 Page 5 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List among(amongst)(prep)amount(n)amusing(adj)an(det)ancient(adj)and(conj)angry(adj)animal(n)ankle(n)anniversar
24、y(n)announce(v)announcement(n)annoy(v)annual(adj)another(det&pron)answer(n&v)answerphone(n)ant(n)antique(adj&n)anxious(adj)any(det&pron)anybody(pron)anymore(adv)anyone(pron)anything(pron)anyway(adv)anywhere(adv)apart(adv)apart from(adv)apartment(n)apartment building(n)apologise(v)apology(n)app(n)Dow
25、nload the app to your phone.appear(v)appearance(n)apple(n)application(n)job application application form apply(v)appointment(n)approach(v)approve(v)approximately(adv)architect(n)architecture(n)area(n)argue(v)argument(n)arm(n)armchair(n)army(n)around(adv&prep)arrange(v)arrangement(n)arrest(v)arrival(
26、n)arrive(v)art(n)article(n)artist(n)as(conj&prep)ashamed(adj)ask(v)asleep(adj)as long as(phr)aspirin(n)assist(v)assistant(n)astronaut(n)as well(as)(prep&adv)at(prep)at/(n)My email address is davidcambridgeesol.org at all(prep phr)at first(prep phr)athlete(n)athletics(n)at last(prep phr)at least(prep
27、 phr)atmosphere(n)at once(prep phr)at present(prep phr)attach(v)attack(n&v)attempt(v)attend(v)attention(n)at the same time(prep phr)attitude(n)attract(v)attraction(n)attractive(adj)audience(n)aunt(n)author(n)autumn(n)(Br Eng)(Am Eng:fall)available(adj)average(adj&n)avoid(v)awake(adj)away(adv)awesome
28、(adj)awful(adj)B baby(n)babysit(v)babysitter(n)UCLES 2018 Page 6 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List back(adv,adj&n)background(n)backpack(n)backpacker(n)backpacking(n)backwards(adv)bad(adj)badly(adv)badminton(n)bag(n)baggage(n)bake(v)baker(n)balcony(n)bald(adj)ball(n)ballet
29、(n)balloon(n)banana(n)band(n)bandage(n)bank(n)bank account(n)banking(n)bar(n)barbecue(n&v)barber(n)baseball(n)base on(phr v)basic(adj)basin(n)basket(n)basketball(n)bat(n)bath(n&v)bathing suit(n)bathroom(n)bathtub(n)battery(n)battle(n)bay(n)be(av&v)beach(n)bean(n)bear(n)beard(n)beat(v)beautiful(adj)b
30、eauty(n)because(conj)because of(prep phr)become(v)bed(n)bedroom(n)bee(n)beef(n)before(prep,adv&conj)begin(v)beginner(n)beginning(n)behave(v)behaviour(n)behind(prep&adv)believe(v)bell(n)belong(v)below(adv&prep)belt(n)beneath(prep)benefit(n&v)be over(phr v)The game is over youre too late!beside(adv&pr
31、ep)besides(prep)best(adj&adv)bestseller(n)better(adj&adv)between(prep&adv)beyond(prep&adv)bicycle(n)big(adj)bike(n)bill(n)electricity bill bin(n)biography(n)biology(n)bird(n)birth(n)birthday(n)biscuit(n)bit(n)bite(v)bitter(adj)black(adj&n)blackboard(n)blame(v)blank(adj)a blank piece of paper blanket
32、(n)bleed(v)blind(adj)block(n)Shall we walk round the block?block of flats blog(n)blogger(n)blond(e)(adj)blood(n)blouse(n)blow(v)blue(adj&n)board(n&v)board game(n)UCLES 2018 Page 7 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List boarding pass(n)boat(n)body(n)boil(v)boiled(adj)bold(adj)b
33、omb(n&v)bone(n)book(n&v)bookcase(n)booking(n)I have a booking for the 19th.booking office(n)bookshelf(n)bookshop(n)(Br Eng)(Am Eng:bookstore)bookstore(n)(Am Eng)(Br Eng:bookshop)boot(n)a pair of boots the boot of the car(Am Eng:trunk)border(n)bored(adj)boring(adj)born(adj)borrow(v)boss(n)both(pron&d
34、et)bother(v)Sorry to bother you,can you tell me the time?My jobs hard but that doesnt bother me.Sorry Im late,Ill do it now.Dont bother!bottle(n)bottom(adj&n)bowl(n)box(n)boy(n)boyfriend(n)bracelet(n)brain(n)brake(n&v)branch(n)brand new(adj)brave(adj)bread(n)break(n&v)break down(phr v)The car has br
35、oken down.breakfast(n)break in(phr v)Someone broke in and stole the computer.break up(phr v)When does school break up?The pop group has broken up.breath(n)breathe(v)breeze(n)bride(n)bridge(n)brief (adj)bright(adj)brilliant(adj)bring(v)bring up(phr v)She was brought up in London.broad(adj)broccoli(n)
36、brochure(n)broken(adj)brother(n)brown(adj&n)brush(n&v)bucket(n)bug(n)He found a bug in his bed.build(v)building(n)bulb(n)light bulb bull(n)bunch(n)a bunch of flowers a great bunch of friends burger(n)burn(v)burning(adj)bury(v)bus(n)business(n)businessman(n)businesswoman(n)bus station(n)bus stop(n)bu
37、sy(adj)but(conj&prep)butcher(n)butter(n)butterfly(n)button(n)buy(v)buyer(n)by(prep)by accident(prep phr)by hand(prep phr)by mistake(prep phr)by name(prep phr)bye(exclam)UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List C cab(n)cabbage(n)cabin(n)cabinet(n)cable(n)caf/caf
38、e(n)cafeteria(n)cage(n)cake(n)calculator(n)calendar(n)calf(n)call(n&v)call for(phr v)Ill call for you at 7.call in(phr v)She called in to see a friend.calm(adj)camel(n)camera(n)camp(n&v)camping(n)campsite(n)can(n&mv)canal(n)cancel(v)candidate(n)candle(n)candy(n)canteen(n)cap(n)capital(adj&n)capital
39、city capital letter the capital of Italy captain(n)car(n)card(n)birthday card credit card card game cardboard(adj&n)care(n&v)take care of someone(n)to care(about/for)someone/something(v)career(n)careful(adj)carefully(ad)careless(adj)car park(n)(Br Eng)(Am Eng:parking lot)carpet(n)carrot(n)carry(v)ca
40、rry on(phr v)He carried on walking despite the rain.carry out(phr v)She carried out the plan according to the instructions.cartoon(n)case(n)Would you like me to carry your case?Ill make an exception in this case.cash(n)cashpoint(n)castle(n)casual(adj)casual clothes cat(n)catch(v)cathedral(n)cattle(n
41、)cave(n)CD(n)CD player(n)ceiling(n)celebrate(v)celebration(n)celebrity(n)cell phone(n)cent(n)centimetre(cm)(n)(Br Eng)(Am Eng:centimeter)central(adj)central heating(n)centre/center(n)century(n)cereal(n)ceremony(n)certain(adj)certainly(not)(adv)certificate(n)chain(n)chair(n)challenge(n&v)challenging(
42、adj)champion(n)championship(n)chance(n)change(n&v)changing room(n)channel(n)chapter(n)character(n)charge(n&v)charity(n)She words for a charity.charming(adj)chat(n&v)to chat online UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List chatroom(n)chat show(n)(Br Eng)(Am Eng:t
43、alk show)cheap(adj)cheat(v)check(n&v)check in(phr v)They checked in to a hotel.check-in(n)Your keys are at the check-in desk.check out(phr v)He checked out of the hotel at the end of his stay.checkout(n)cheek(n)cheerful(adj)cheers!(exclam)cheese(n)chef(n)chemist(n)chemistry(n)cheque(n)chess(n)chest
44、of drawers(n)chicken(n)child(n)childhood(n)chilli(n)chin(n)chip(n)I love fish and chips.chocolate(n)choice(n)choose(v)cinema(n)circle(n)circus(n)city(n)clap(v)class(n)language class first class,second class classical(adj)classical music classmate(n)classroom(n)clean(adj&v)cleaner(n)clear(adj&v)clear
45、ly(adv)clever(adj)click(n&v)cliff(n)climate(n)climb(v)climbing(n)clinic(n)clock(n)close(adj,adv&v)closed(adj)clothes(n pl)cloud(n)cloudy(adj)clown(n)club(n)to join a club coach(n)coast(n)coat(n)coconut(n)cod(n)coffee(n)coin(n)cola(n)cold(adj&n)collar(n)colleague(n)collect(v)collection(n)college(n)co
46、lour(n&v)colourful(adj)comb(n&v)come(v)comedy(n)come on(phr v)Come on or well miss the fort(n)comfortable(adj)comic(adj&n)comma(n)comment(n)Please leave comments mon(adj)a common surname have something in common communicate(v)communication(n)company(n)compare(v)compete(v)competition(n)competitor(n)c
47、omplain(v)complaint(n)complete(adj&v)complicated(adj)composition(n)computer(n)concentrate(v)concert(n)conclusion(n)condition(n)in good condition conference(n)UCLES 2018 Page 10 of 51 Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List confident(adj)confirm(v)confused(adj)confusing(adj)congratula
48、tions!(exclam)connect(v)connection(n)consider(v)consist(v)consonant(n)contact(n&v)contain(v)contents(n)contest(n)continent(n)continue(v)contract(n)control(n&v)a remote control Control your dog!convenient(adj)conversation(n)convince(v)cook(n&v)cooker(n)cookie(n)(Am Eng)(Br Eng:biscuit)cooking(n)cool(
49、adj,exclam&v)copy(n&v)corn(n)corner(n)correct(adj)correction(n)cost(n&v)costume(n)I forgot my swimming costume.national costume a Halloween costume cosy(adj)cottage(n)cotton(n)cough(n&v)could(mv)count(v)country(n)countryside(n)couple(n)courage(n)course(n)English course main course of course(exclam)c
50、ourt(n)law court tennis court cousin(n)cover(n&v)cow(n)crash(n&v)crazy(adj)cream(adj&n)create(v)creative(adj)creature(n)credit(n)credit card(n)crew(n)cabin crew cricket(n)crime(n)criminal(n)crop(n)cross(n&v)crossing(n)pedestrian crossing cross out(phr v)Cross it out and write it again.crossroads(n)c