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1、高考英语语法规则归纳总结英语中的语法规则用于确保句子的结构和用词符合语言规范。一、分类1.时态一致性 (Consistency of Tenses)- 在句子或段落中，时态应保持一致。- 例如：He was happy when he won the game.（当他赢得比赛时，他很高兴。）2.主谓一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)- 动词的形式应与主语的数量和人称保持一致。- 例如：She plays tennis.（她打网球。） They play tennis.（他们打网球。）3.冠词使用 (Use of Articles)- 冠词a/an用于泛指单个事物，the用于
2、特指事物。- 例如：I saw a cat.（我看到了一只猫。） The cat was black.（那只猫是黑色的。）4.名词复数 (Plurality of Nouns)- 名词的复数形式应遵循规则或不规则的复数形式。- 例如：One dog, two dogs.（一只狗，两个狗。） One child, two children.（一个孩子，两个孩子。）5.形容词和副词的比较级与最高级 (Comparatives and Superlatives)- 比较级用于比较两个事物，最高级用于比较三个或以上事物。- 例如：She is taller than her brother.（她比她弟
3、弟高。） She is the tallest in the class.（她是班上最高的。）6.定语从句 (Relative Clauses)- 定语从句用于给出关于名词的额外信息，通常由关系代词引导。- 例如：The book that I read was interesting.（我读的那本书很有趣。）7.介词的正确使用 (Correct Use of Prepositions)- 介词用于表示位置、时间或关系，应正确选择。- 例如：She is at the park.（她在公园。） The meeting is on Monday.（会议在星期一。）8.主动语态、被动语态的使用 (
4、Use of Passive Voice)英语中常见的语态包括主动语态和被动语态。语态用于描述动作的主体与动词之间的关系。在主动语态中，重点是动作的执行者；在被动语态中，重点是动作的对象或结果。被动语态常用于强调动作的结果或当不需要明确指出动作的执行者时。在日常交流中，主动语态更常见，而被动语态在学术写作或正式报告中较为普遍。- 主动：The cat chased the mouse.（猫追赶老鼠。）- 被动：The mouse was chased by the cat.（老鼠被猫追赶。）9.主句和从句的区分 (Distinguishing Main Clauses and Subordin
5、ate Clauses)- 主句可以独立存在，从句则需要依附于主句。- 例如：I will go if I have time.（如果我有时间，我会去。）10.否定结构 (Negative Structures)- 否定句子通常由否定词not或no引导，应确保否定正确。- 例如：She does not like coffee.（她不喜欢咖啡。）11.名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)名词性从句是一类充当名词的从句，可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语等。常见的引导词包括that, what, who, where, when, why, how等。- 作为主语：What he said s
6、urprised everyone.（他所说的让大家吃惊。）- 作为宾语：I know that she is coming.（我知道她会来。）- 作为表语：The question is whether he will agree.（问题是他是否会同意。）- 作为同位语：The fact that you are here is great.（你在这里这一事实太好了。）12.定语从句 (Relative Clauses)定语从句是修饰或描述名词的从句，通常由关系代词（如who, whom, whose, that, which）或关系副词（如where, when, why）引导。它们给名词
7、添加额外信息。- 非限制性定语从句：My brother, who lives in New York, is visiting me.（我住在纽约的哥哥来看我。）- 限制性定语从句：The book that you lent me is amazing.（你借给我的书很棒。）13.状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses)状语从句提供额外信息，通常解释时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的等。引导状语从句的连词有because, although, if, when, since, while, as等。- 时间状语从句：I will call you when I get home.（
8、我到家后会给你打电话。）- 原因状语从句：She stayed home because she was sick.（她因为生病待在家里。）- 条件状语从句：If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.（如果下雨，我们会取消野餐。）14.倒装句 (Inversion)倒装句是颠倒主语和谓语的位置以强调某些内容，或用于疑问句、条件句等。常见的倒装形式包括将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。- 否定副词引起的倒装：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。）- 地点副词引起的倒装：Here come
9、s the bus.（公交车来了。）- 疑问句中的倒装：Do you like pizza?（你喜欢披萨吗？）15.平行结构 (Parallelism)平行结构指的是在句子中保持语法结构的一致性，通常用于并列结构、列表、对比等。通过平行结构可以增强句子的可读性和节奏。- 并列的动词：She likes singing, dancing, and painting.（她喜欢唱歌、跳舞和绘画。）- 并列的形容词：The food was delicious, affordable, and plentiful.（食物美味、实惠且丰富。）- 并列的句子：He enjoys playing socce
10、r, but he doesnt like watching it.（他喜欢踢足球，但他不喜欢看足球。）16.并列连词的使用 (Conjunctions Usage)并列连词用于连接单词、短语或句子，以构成并列关系。常见的并列连词包括and, or, but, so, for, nor, yet等。- 连接名词：John and Mary are coming to the party.（约翰和玛丽要来参加聚会。）- 连接句子：I was tired, but I still went to the gym.（我很累，但我还是去了健身房。）这些语法规则涵盖了英语中的常见结构和用法，是构建正确句
11、子和确保沟通清晰的重要指南。二、详解1.时态一致性 (Consistency of Tenses)1.He was happy when he got the promotion.（他晋升时很高兴。）2.She will be studying when you arrive.（你到达时她将正在学习。）3.They were playing football when it started to rain.（下雨时他们正在踢足球。）4.He has finished his homework and is now watching TV.（他完成了作业，现在正在看电视。）5.She was c
12、ooking dinner when her friend called.（她的朋友打电话时她正在做晚饭。）6.They had already eaten by the time we got there.（我们到达时他们已经吃过了。）7.I will have completed the project by next week.（我将在下周完成这个项目。）8.She is learning Spanish and enjoys the process.（她正在学习西班牙语并享受这个过程。）9.They have been playing music for years.（他们已经演奏了好
13、几年音乐。）10.He was driving to work when he heard the news.（他开车去上班时听到消息。）2.主谓一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)1.She likes apples.（她喜欢苹果。）2.They play soccer every weekend.（他们每个周末踢足球。）3.The dog barks at night.（狗在晚上叫。）4.My parents live in the countryside.（我的父母住在乡下。）5.He reads a book every night.（他每晚读一本书。）6.The t
14、eacher explains the lesson clearly.（老师清楚地解释了这节课。）7.My sister works at a hospital.（我的姐姐在一家医院工作。）8.The children run around in the garden.（孩子们在花园里跑来跑去。）9.She drinks coffee in the morning.（她早上喝咖啡。）10.The car breaks down often.（这辆车经常抛锚。）3.冠词使用 (Use of Articles)1.He is a doctor.（他是一名医生。）2.She has an apple
15、.（她有一个苹果。）3.They went to the park.（他们去了公园。）4.This is the book I was looking for.（这是我在找的书。）5.A cat was sitting on the windowsill.（一只猫坐在窗台上。）6.The sun sets in the west.（太阳在西边落下。）7.He bought an umbrella for the rain.（他买了一把伞来防雨。）8.I found a coin on the street.（我在街上找到了一枚硬币。）9.The computer is broken.（这台电脑
16、坏了。）10.She needs an hour to finish her work.（她需要一个小时完成她的工作。）4.名词复数 (Plurality of Nouns)1.One cat, two cats.（一只猫，两只猫。）2.One child, two children.（一个孩子，两个孩子。）3.A book, several books.（一本书，几本书。）4.An apple, some apples.（一个苹果，一些苹果。）5.A table, many tables.（一张桌子，许多桌子。）6.A dog, three dogs.（一只狗，三只狗。）7.A mouse,
17、 many mice.（一只老鼠，许多老鼠。）8.A city, several cities.（一个城市，几个城市。）9.A friend, several friends.（一个朋友，几个朋友。）10.A key, many keys.（一把钥匙，许多钥匙。）5.形容词和副词的比较级与最高级 (Comparatives and Superlatives)1.She is taller than her sister.（她比她姐姐高。）2.This movie is more interesting than the other one.（这部电影比另一部更有趣。）3.He is the s
18、martest student in the class.（他是班里最聪明的学生。）4.This road is shorter than the other one.（这条路比另一条路短。）5.She is the most talented singer in the group.（她是团队中最有才华的歌手。）6.This pizza is better than the other one.（这份披萨比另一份好吃。）7.He is the fastest runner on the team.（他是团队中跑得最快的人。）8.This book is more difficult than
19、 that one.（这本书比那本书难。）9.She is the kindest person I know.（她是我认识的最善良的人。）10.This place is cooler than the other one.（这个地方比另一个地方更凉快。）6.定语从句 (Relative Clauses)1.The book that I read was interesting.（我读的那本书很有趣。）2.The person who called was my friend.（打电话的人是我的朋友。）3.The cake that she baked was delicious.（她烤的
20、蛋糕很美味。）4.The car which broke down was old.（抛锚的车很旧了。）5.The man whose dog barked was my neighbor.（那个狗叫的人的邻居。）6.The shop where I bought the shoes is closed.（我买鞋的那家店关门了。）7.The day when we met was special.（我们相遇的那天很特别。）8.The people who live here are friendly.（住在这里的人们很友好。）9.The song that I heard on the rad
21、io was catchy.（我在收音机上听到的那首歌很上口。）10.The hotel where we stayed was expensive.（我们住的酒店很贵。）7.介词的正确使用 (Correct Use of Prepositions)1.She is at the park.（她在公园。）2.The meeting is on Monday.（会议在星期一。）3.He sits on the chair.（他坐在椅子上。）4.The keys are in the drawer.（钥匙在抽屉里。）5.They are going to the beach.（他们要去海滩。）6.
22、She is walking with her dog.（她和她的狗在散步。）7.The picture is on the wall.（照片挂在墙上。）8.The cat is under the table.（猫在桌子下面。）9.The meeting was at 3 PM.（会议在下午3点。）10.He lives across from the park.（他住在公园对面。）8.主动语态 (Active Voice)1.The cat caught a mouse.（猫抓住了一只老鼠。）2.She writes a letter every day.（她每天写一封信。）3.They
23、build houses for the poor.（他们为贫困者建造房屋。）4.He plays the guitar beautifully.（他弹吉他非常优美。）5.We watch movies on weekends.（我们在周末看电影。）6.The children play in the park.（孩子们在公园里玩耍。）7.She studies English at the local college.（她在当地大学学习英语。）8.He drives to work every morning.（他每天早上开车去上班。）9.They cook dinner together.
24、（他们一起做晚饭。）10.She teaches mathematics at a high school.（她在一所高中教数学。）11.He sings in the shower every day.（他每天在淋浴时唱歌。）12.We exercise regularly to stay healthy.（我们定期锻炼以保持健康。）13.The team plays football on Sundays.（该团队在星期天踢足球。）14.She bakes delicious cakes for parties.（她为聚会烤美味的蛋糕。）15.He takes photos during
25、his travels.（他在旅行时拍照。）9.被动语态 (Passive Voice)1.The mouse was caught by the cat.（老鼠被猫抓住了。）2.A letter is written by her every day.（她每天写一封信。）3.Houses are built for the poor.（为贫困者建造房屋。）4.The guitar is played beautifully by him.（他弹吉他非常优美。）5.Movies are watched on weekends.（周末看电影。）6.The park is played in by
26、 the children.（孩子们在公园里玩耍。）7.English is studied at the local college.（在当地大学学习英语。）8.The work is driven to by him every morning.（他每天早上开车去上班。）9.Dinner is cooked together by them.（他们一起做晚饭。）10.Mathematics is taught at a high school.（在一所高中教数学。）11.The shower is sung in by him every day.（他每天在淋浴时唱歌。）12.Exerci
27、se is regularly done to stay healthy.（定期锻炼以保持健康。）13.Football is played by the team on Sundays.（该团队在星期天踢足球。）14.Delicious cakes are baked for parties.（为聚会烤美味的蛋糕。）15.Photos are taken during his travels.（在旅行期间拍照。）10.主句和从句的区分 (Distinguishing Main Clauses and Subordinate Clauses)1.I will go to the party i
28、f I have time.（如果我有时间，我会去参加聚会。）2.She will be happy when she hears the news.（当她听到这个消息时，她会很高兴。）3.He went home after the meeting ended.（会议结束后，他回了家。）4.They will come unless it rains.（除非下雨，他们会来。）5.She will stay as long as you need her.（只要你需要她，她就会留下。）6.I did not see him because he left early.（因为他早早离开了，我没有
29、见到他。）7.The team won because they played well.（团队赢了，因为他们打得很好。）8.If you dont study, you will fail the exam.（如果你不学习，你会考试不及格。）9.Although it was raining, we went hiking.（虽然下雨了，我们还是去徒步了。）10.They stayed until the sun went down.（他们一直待到太阳落山。）11.否定结构 (Negative Structures)1.She does not like coffee.（她不喜欢咖啡。）2.
30、They did not go to the party.（他们没有去参加聚会。）3.He does not know the answer.（他不知道答案。）4.We do not have any money.（我们没有钱。）5.The store is not open today.（商店今天没有开门。）6.The car does not start.（车发动不了。）7.She cannot swim.（她不会游泳。）8.He did not call me.（他没有打电话给我。）9.They will not come tomorrow.（他们明天不会来。）10.The cake d
31、oes not taste good.（蛋糕不好吃。）12.名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)1.What he said surprised me.（他所说的让我吃惊。）2.I dont know who did this.（我不知道是谁干的。）3.She asked if I could help.（她问我是否可以帮忙。）4.The fact that he left is sad.（他离开的事实很悲伤。）5.I am curious about why they are late.（我很好奇他们为什么迟到。）6.Do you know when they are coming?（你
32、知道他们什么时候来吗？）7.She doesnt understand why he is upset.（她不明白他为什么生气。）8.The question is whether we should go.（问题是我们是否应该去。）9.I dont care what they think.（我不在乎他们怎么想。）10.He told me that he was leaving.（他告诉我他要走了。）13.定语从句 (Relative Clauses)1.The book that I read was interesting.（我读的那本书很有趣。）2.The person who ca
33、lled was my friend.（打电话的人是我的朋友。）3.The cake that she baked was delicious.（她烤的蛋糕很美味。）4.The car which broke down was old.（抛锚的车很旧了。）5.The man whose dog barked was my neighbor.（那个狗叫的人的邻居。）6.The shop where I bought the shoes is closed.（我买鞋的那家店关门了。）7.The day when we met was special.（我们相遇的那天很特别。）8.The peopl
34、e who live here are friendly.（住在这里的人们很友好。）9.The song that I heard on the radio was catchy.（我在收音机上听到的那首歌很上口。）10.The hotel where we stayed was expensive.（我们住的酒店很贵。）14.状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses)1.He went home after the meeting ended.（会议结束后，他回了家。）2.If it rains, we will stay home.（如果下雨，我们会呆在家里。）3.She left
35、before he arrived.（她在他到达前离开了。）4.Although it was raining, we went hiking.（虽然下雨了，我们还是去徒步了。）5.I will call you when I get home.（我到家后会给你打电话。）6.She was happy because he called.（因为他打电话，她很高兴。）7.They stayed until the sun went down.（他们一直待到太阳落山。）8.He will go unless he has to work.（除非他必须工作，否则他会去。）9.She stayed w
36、hile he left.（她留下来，而他离开了。）10.We will visit you as soon as we can.（我们会尽快来看你。）15.倒装句 (Inversion)1.Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。）2.Hardly had he left when she arrived.（他刚离开，她就到了。）3.Only after he explained did I understand.（只有在他解释后我才明白。）4.Rarely do they visit the city.（他们很少来这个
37、城市。）5.Seldom does she go out at night.（她很少晚上出去。）6.Not until he called did I realize.（直到他打电话我才意识到。）7.Under the table was a hidden compartment.（桌子下面有一个隐藏的隔间。）8.No sooner had I started than it began to rain.（我刚开始，它就开始下雨了。）9.In the corner stood a tall plant.（角落里站着一株高大的植物。）10.Down the street came a parad
38、e.（街道上来了一个游行队伍。）16.平行结构 (Parallelism)1.She likes reading, writing, and drawing.（她喜欢读书、写作和画画。）2.He enjoys swimming, running, and cycling.（他喜欢游泳、跑步和骑车。）3.They went to the park, to the beach, and to the museum.（他们去了公园、海滩和博物馆。）4.She not only sings but also dances.（她不仅唱歌，还跳舞。）5.He is tall, handsome, and
39、intelligent.（他高大、英俊、聪明。）6.They are young, energetic, and enthusiastic.（他们年轻、有活力、充满热情。）7.The job requires patience, skill, and dedication.（这份工作需要耐心、技巧和奉献精神。）8.She cleaned the house, cooked dinner, and washed the car.（她打扫了房子，做了晚饭，还洗了车。）9.He will either go to college or join the military.（他要么上大学，要么参军。）
40、10.She can play the guitar, the piano, and the violin.（她会弹吉他、钢琴和小提琴。）17.并列连词的使用 (Conjunctions Usage)1.She likes coffee and tea.（她喜欢咖啡和茶。）2.He wanted to go but couldnt.（他想去，但不能去。）3.I will go if you come with me.（如果你跟我去，我就去。）4.She called because she needed help.（她打电话是因为她需要帮助。）5.They can stay or leave.（他们可以留下或离开。）6.We can go to the park or the beach.（我们可以去公园或海滩。）7.He is tall and strong.（他又高又强壮。）8.You must finish it, otherwise, you wont get credit.（你必须完成它，否则你不会得到学分。）9.They stayed until the movie ended.（他们一直待到电影结束。）10.She didnt go because she was tired.（她没有去是因为她累了。）7