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1、 第1页/共9页 2024 北京西城高三二模 英 语 2024.5 本试卷共14 页，共100 分。考试时长90 分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。You may have heard of the famous workplace communication software,Slack.Many companies use Slack
2、to virtually communicate across teams.What most people dont know is that Slack,despite its 1 ,was never meant to exist.In fact,the company who developed Slack actually had been hoping to create the next popular video game.But after raising millions of dollars to fund the game development,the company
3、 ultimately 2 the project because the game failed to attract enough users.The 3 goal of the company wasnt achieved.However,during the process of creating their game,something else happened.The team realized that the 4 system they created to accompany the game was worth investing more time in.And the
4、y 5 to invent the communication system idea for one of the fastest-growing startups(初创公司)in history,and Slack was born.An outcome-focused company might have just moved on from the failed video game or,worse,continued investing resources,risking further negative outcomes.But 6 ,this company didnt do
5、that.7 ,they had been paying attention to the process.Focusing on the process allowed this company to 8 and redefine their desired outcome.Youve probably heard a quote or two in your life about the 9 of“the journey”how often the journey is more significant and impactful than the 10 .The company that
6、 developed Slack understood this principle,and by focusing on the process rather than the outcome,they were able to achieve greater success than they first had hoped for.1.A.problem B.history C.success D.limitation 2.A.took down B.shut down C.cut down D.passed down 3.A.immediate B.general C.real D.i
7、nitial 4.A.chat B.sign C.control D.power 5.A.intended B.managed C.pretended D.promised 6.A.luckily B.naturally C.likely D.hopefully 7.A.Therefore B.Still C.Thus D.Instead 8.A.predict B.achieve C.adapt D.watch 9.A.origin B.challenge C.importance D.purpose 10.A.distance B.destination C.determination D
8、.direction 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）第2页/共9页 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A In 2022,to preserve Chinas wetlands,a law 11 (introduce)to restrict construction and prohibit harmful 12 (activity)such as overgrazing,overharvesting,and wastewater discharge
9、 in important national wetlands.Since the implementation(实施)of these measures,there 13 (be)an increase in the number of birds observed wintering in the nations wetlands.In February,the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of waterbirds that spent the previous winter at Dongting Lake
10、.Black-faced spoonbills,14 rare and endangered species,were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence.B A persons memory is like a hall with many rooms,some visited frequently,others untouched 15 years.With age,sometimes,doors to certain memories become locked,requiring a special key 16 (access)
11、them.These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputssomething you see,smell,touch,taste,or hear.When a sensory input stimulates receptors,signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain,17 they are processed and interpreted.The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex
12、our minds are.Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present.C Booking a flight-free holiday is effortless with Byway Travel.18 (found)in 2020 by Cat Jones,a non-car owner whose family vacations annually by train and bike,Byway is the worlds first travel agen
13、t that offers 100%flight-free trips.The company excels in integrating the journey into the adventure itself,19 (ensure)travelers discover the interesting places they would otherwise miss by flying over them.Presently,Byway specializes in flight-free excursions from the UK to Europe,with plans to exp
14、and its flight-free travel offerings 20 (global)in the future.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Museum Tours There are many ways to visit SAAM and the Renwick Gallery and theyre all free!Gallery Tours for All Ages Group Tours Group tours a
15、re available by request for adult groups of eight or more.Choose from a variety of themes,including current special exhibitions.Request 3 to 4 weeks in advance.Walk-in Tours Walk-in tours are sometimes available.Check with the Information Desk when you arrive.If a walk-in tour is scheduled for that
16、day:SAAM walk-in tours start at 12:30 to 1:30 p.m.and 2:00 to 3:00 p.m.every day of the week and 4:00 to 5:00 p.m.Thursday through Sunday.Renwick walk-in tours start at 12:00 to 1:00 p.m.every day except Sunday.There are no tours on Sundays.Self-guided Tours Self-guided tours using your smartphone a
17、re available throughout SAAM.Scan the QR codes to bring lots of information to your fingertips!Access Programs Free tours are available online and in our galleries at SAAM or the Renwick Gallery:第3页/共9页 in American Sign Language(ASL);for people with low vision;for people with mental disorders and th
18、eir care partners.There is no minimum group size for Access tours.School Tours We welcome learners of all abilities and from all settings.School tours at SAAM and the Renwick Gallery are:for kindergarten through college;in line with national curriculum standards;interactive and interdisciplinary.Sch
19、ool tours last 60 minutes.Want more time in the galleries?Ask about additional activities.Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.Virtual Programs Online School Tours:for 3rd grade through 12th grade;in line with national curriculum standards;40 to 60 minutes long.Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.Online Adul
20、t Tours:available by request;45 to 60 minutes long;focus on a variety of themes,including highlights and special exhibitions;interactive and conversational.Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.21.If you want to take a walk-in tour,you can visit the SAAM Gallery at _.A.12:00 pm on Monday B.4:30 pm on Wedn
21、esday C.1:00 pm on Sunday D.3:30 pm on Tuesday 22.What do we know about the Access Programs?A.Tours are available in English only.B.There is a minimum group size of 8 for Access tours.C.People with mental illness can visit the galleries with their care partners.D.People with poor sight cannot have a
22、ccess to the free tours in the galleries.23.From the passage,we can know _.A.SAAM and the Renwick Gallery offer paid tours for adult groups B.school tours are consistent with educational curriculum standards C.requests for online tours should be made at least 3 weeks in advance D.visitors can use sm
23、artphones to enjoy self-guided tours in Renwick Gallery B In the state of Georgia,one farmer has made it his mission not only to feed the hungry but to help them grow their own food in their own backyard.“My main goal is to make sure that underserved communities that have been excluded or overlooked
24、 have access to locally grown food,”said Bobby Wilson,who operates the nonprofit Metro Atlanta Urban Farm.Since 2009,Wilson has taught thousands of people how to plant and grow their own vegetables and prepare meals with them,including onions,garlic,cucumbers,tomatoes,collard greens,squash,and eggpl
25、ant.第4页/共9页 “Not only can you learn from my 35 years of doing this type of work,”Wilson said,“but you can learn from our community gardeners who are growing food in a natural way.”Wilson,the first college graduate in his family,worked with the University of Georgia for more than 20 years,bringing ga
26、rdening education and programs to public housing complexes,schools and churches throughout Metro Atlanta.Through his work,he saw a great need for fresh,healthy food in low-income urban communities.When he retired in 2009,he used a portion of his retirement savings to purchase the farm and help fill
27、the gap.“I saw the need,”Wilson said.“Plus,when you retire,you should do something you really enjoy.”He estimates with the rising price of food,people could save thousands yearly by growing their own fruits and vegetables.He also points out the health benefits that fresh produce brings.Millions of h
28、ouseholds in the US are struggling to feed their families.And this is what motivates Wilsons efforts.“When small and disadvantaged farmers didnt have the avenue to get rid of that produce because people were not coming out to buy,we had an opportunity to help keep them alive,”Wilson said.“We were bu
29、ying food from African American farmers who did not have outlets and giving it away.”Wilson continues to offer free food to those in need at a drive-through giveaway every week,where families can secure healthy produce.Over the years,Wilson says he has hosted a lot of students in grades K-12 for far
30、m tours and agricultural S.T.E.M.field trips.He works with farmers and gardeners of all ages and skill levels,from preschoolers to seniors,to provide education and access to affordable produce.“Were more than just a farm,”he said.“Were about justice,equity,diversity,and inclusion,because at the end
31、of the day,I want my grandchildren to have it better than what I have it today.”24.Wilson started the Metro Atlanta Urban Farm mainly to _.A.make a living B.pursue his career C.promote health awareness D.help the communities 25.We can learn from the passage that _.A.Wilsons farm has been around for
32、over 30 years B.Wilson undertakes some educational initiatives at the farm C.some small and disadvantaged farmers joined Wilsons farm D.thousands of students have attended Wilsons classes on farming 26.What does Wilson think of his farm?A.Underestimated.B.Unexpected.C.Imperfect.D.Promising.C When pe
33、ople hear“artificial intelligence,”many envision“big data.”Theres a reason for that:some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets.But AI is not only about large data sets,and research in“small data”approaches has grown extensively over the past deca
34、dewith so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example.Also known as“fine-tuning,”transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem.The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set an
35、d then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related to your specific problem.Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years.In a new report for Georgetown Universitys Center for Security and Emerging Technology(CSET),we examined current and projected prog
36、ress in scientific research across“small data”approaches.Our analysis found that transfer learning stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since 2010.This growth 第5页/共9页 has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinfo
37、rcement learning,which in recent years has attracted widespread attention.Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods.By enabling the use of AI with less data,they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist,such as in fo
38、recasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization.A recurring challenge in the use of AI is that model
39、s need to“generalize”beyond their training data.Because transfer learning models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another,they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task,even if only limited data were available.Moreover,by using pretrained models,transfer learning ca
40、n speed up training time and could also reduce the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms(算法).This efficiency is significant,considering that the process of training one large neural(神经系统的)network requires considerable energy.Despite the growth in research,transfer learning has
41、 received relatively little visibility.The existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption.By acknowledging the success of
42、 small data techniques like transfer learningand distributing resources to support their widespread usewe can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions.27.What does the underlined word“bolster”in Paragraph 3 probably
43、mean?A.Promote.B.Seek.C.Track.D.Monitor.28.In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied?A.Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest.B.Designing a program that can read handwritten documents.C.Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness.
44、D.Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location.29.What is the writers attitude towards transfer learning?A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Critical.D.Unconcerned.30.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Transfer Learning:Where Does It Best Fit?B.Small Data Are Also Crucia
45、l for Advancing AI C.Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances D.Big Data vs.Small Data:Which Is the Future of AI?D Can you imagine getting a major dental procedure without novocaine(一种麻醉药)?A scientist colleague of mine recently told me,rather than use it,he used a“focus in”meditation(冥想)techn
46、ique to direct all of his attention to his mouth with as much calming equanimity as he could gather.Doing so transformed the pain for a few minutes.A stream of scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning toward discomfort or negative emotions with acceptance.In addition,all of us
47、 can gain from finding ways to cope with stress and sufferingparticularly 第6页/共9页 when larger circumstances are beyond our control.As a researcher who has studied meditation for more than 20 years,I believe that the cultivation of equanimity can help.Its important to first define the idea of turning
48、 toward discomfort.Im not advocating for people to put themselves in dangerous positions.But when we push ourselves into challenging or embarrassing situations,much like trainers who push athletes just past their comfort zone to make gains,learning often happens.My own research indicates that medita
49、tion provides an ideal way to practice turning toward discomfortparticularly when it trains up ones equanimity.In my laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University,we conducted several clinical trials on developing equanimity during mindfulness meditation training.This approach includes guided meditation
50、exercises such as using a matter-of-fact voice to label uncomfortable feelings in the body or welcoming uncomfortable feelings by saying“yes”aloud each time a feeling is detected.We hired 153 stressed adults and offered them a mindfulness meditation training program with or without training in equan