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1、Topic 2 of English Middle School Entrance ExaminatThe types and functions of articlesThe usage of indefinite articlesthe definite articleThe Usage of Zero ArticleOmission of articlescontents目录CHAPTERThe types and functions of articles01 articles that specify the type of thing being talked about,such
2、 as a,an,the.Determiners words that replace nouns,such as it,this,that.Pronouns words that count,such as one,two,three.Numerals words that describe or modify nouns,such as big,small,red.AdjectivesTypes of ArticlesGrammatical function01 articles are used to form grammatically correct sentences,ensuri
3、ng that the structure of the sentence is correct.Semantic function02 articles help to convey the intended meaning of the sentence,making it easier for the listener or reader to understand.Pragmatic function03 articles can also convey the social and cultural background of the speaker or writer,helpin
4、g to establish a particular context or setting.The Function of ArticlesCHAPTERThe usage of indefinite articles02总结词：表示泛指详细描述：不定冠词用于泛指一类人或事物，而不是特指某一个具体的人或事物。例如，“A person needs water to survive.”这句话中的“a person”表示泛指一类人，而不是特指某个人。Indicating generalization总结词表示一类人或事物详细描述不定冠词可以用来表示一类人或事物，强调其共性特征。例如，“A car
5、is a means of transportation.”这句话中的“a car”表示一类具有共性特征的交通工具。Expressing a type of person or thing用于序数词前总结词不定冠词可以用于表示序数，特别是在表达“第几”的时候。例如，“She is the first person to arrive.”这句话中的“the first”表示“第一个人”。详细描述Used before ordinal wordsCHAPTERthe definite article03Use the definite article to specify a particular
6、 person,place,thing,or idea.It is used to refer to a specific instance of something that has been mentioned or is known to the listener or reader.Example:The car is parked in the driveway.(Referring to a specific car that has been mentioned before.)Indicating specificallyVSThe definite article is of
7、ten used in fixed combinations with other words,such as the only,the next,the following,etc.These combinations have specific meanings and cannot be replaced by other articles.Example:The only solution is to leave.(Meaning there is no other solution.)Used in fixed combinationsWhen used before nouns i
8、ndicating direction or destination,such as north,south,east,or west,the definite article is used to specify a particular direction or destination.Example:The train is heading to the east.(Meaning the train is traveling in the eastern direction.)Used before nouns indicating direction or destinationCH
9、APTERThe Usage of Zero Article04Before material nouns总结词在表示材料或物质类名词前通常不加冠词。详细描述在英语中，当描述某物的制作材料或物质构成时，通常不会使用冠词。例如，“paper is made from wood”和“gold is a precious metal”中都没有使用冠词。总结词在表示抽象概念的名词前通常不加冠词。详细描述抽象名词通常表示概念、情感或状态等无形的事物，因此在这些名词前通常不使用冠词。例如，“happiness is a state of mind”和“love is a powerful emotion”
10、中都没有使用冠词。Before abstract nouns在表示学科、语言或国籍等主题类名词前通常不加冠词。当描述学科、语言或国籍等主题时，通常不需要使用冠词来限定这些名词。例如，“math is a subject”和“English is a language”中都没有使用冠词。总结词详细描述Before subject termsCHAPTEROmission of articles05In a parallel structure在并列结构中，通常省略与前文重复的冠词。总结词在英语中，当几个并列的名词或名词短语由并列连词连接时，通常省略与前文重复的冠词。例如，“I like read
11、ing books,stories and articles.”在这个句子中，“books,stories and articles”后面的“the”被省略了，因为“the”已经在前面的“books”中被使用过了。详细描述在固定搭配中，冠词通常被省略。总结词有些固定搭配中，冠词通常被省略，例如“in front of”和“in the front of”。在“in front of”中，“the”被省略了，因为这是一个固定搭配。同样地，“in the front of”中的“the”也是被省略的。详细描述In fixed combinations总结词在某些介词短语中，冠词可以被省略。要点一要点二详细描述在某些介词短语中，冠词可以被省略，例如“in class”和“in the class”。在“in class”中，“the”被省略了，因为这是一个固定搭配。同样地，“in the class”中的“the”也是被省略的。In certain prepositional phrasesTHANKS感谢观看