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1、 2021-2022学年高二下学期南师江宁4月月考英语试卷第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThere are many famous festivals around the world. The Carnivals in Rio de Janeiro and Venice，Munichs Oktoberfest and Londons Notting Hill Carnival are three examples. There are，however，festi
2、vals going on somewhere in the world every day of the year. These range from very large events which involve whole cities to local celebrations in tiny villages or neighbourhoods of towns or cities. We have selected a few of the more unusual，colourful festivals from around the world.Australia Day Co
3、ckroach（螳螂）Races：Brisbane，Queensland，Australia“ Racing is simple. . . the races are held in a circular track and cockroaches are then let go from an upturned bucket in the middle. . . first to the edge is a winner. Things are made a little more difficult in the steeplechase（障碍赛）events where a circul
4、ar fence is used to enhance the spectacle and test the cockroach talent. ”Canberra Sled Dog Classic：Canberra，Australian Capital Territory，AustraliaDog sledding is one of the fastest growing sports on the east coast of Australia. As theres no snow（the trail is earth and sand and is smooth and wide wi
5、th a few hills and turns），the sleds have wheels instead of runners，but the excitement is the sameDarwin Beer Can Regatta（划船比赛）：Darwin，Northern Territory，AustraliaThis local charity event brings together great engineers and great drinkers. Participants construct everything from life-size beer-can can
6、oes to beer-can Viking warships during this off-the-wall regatta.La Tomatina：Bunol，Spain“ The tomato battle is in honor of Saint Luis Beltran. Residents and visitors take part in a tomato-throwing battle that uses more than 88，000 pounds of tomatoes. This crazy event began with a serious aim as a sy
7、mbolic protest against Franco. But the Tomatina is now regarded as an amusing way to end the summer. ”1. What do these selected festivals held in Australia have in common？A. They are famous festivals held in big cities.B. There are competitions in these festivals.C. They are celebrated in Northern A
8、ustralia.D. Animals or insects are involved in these festivals.2. Which festival will you go to if you are against Franco？A. The Carnivals in Rio de JaneiroB. Australia Day Cockroach RaceC. Canberra Sled Dog ClassicD. La Tomatina：Bunol，Spain3. From which is the text probably taken？A. A biology textb
9、ook.B. A health brochure.C. A research paper.D. A travel magazine.BA letter written to a 12-year-old girl in Lithuania was delivered in December, almost 51 years after it was sent. Now in her 60s, Genovefa Klonovska said after being handed the letter, “I thought that someone was pranking me.” The le
10、tter included a handmade, colored rose and two paper dolls. It was sent to Klonovska by a young girl in Poland. They exchanged letters in what is known as a pen pal program when people write letters to each other without actually meeting. The letter, together with 17 others, was discovered this past
11、 summer when a wall was taken down in a former post office in Vilnius. The letters, from the late 1960s and early 1970s, were likely hidden by a postal worker after he searched them for money or valuables, Vilutis said. The senders were family members or pen pals from places such as Australia, Polan
12、d, or Russia. Street names and their numbering have changed in Vilnius, capital of Lithuania. Post office workers spent months looking for the people who were supposed to receive the letters the recipients. Only five recipients were found. In several cases, children of dead recipients were handed a
13、lost letter. Deimante Zebrauskaite, head of Lithuania Post, said we felt a moral duty to do this. Zebrauskaite added, “One lady compared the experience to receiving a message from a bottle thrown into sea. People were emotional (动情的). Some people felt they saw a part of daily life of their dead pare
14、nts.”In the letter to Klonovska, sent from Koczary in Poland, a girl named Ewa complains buses no longer reach her village. Now in her 60s, Klonovska has no memory of Ewa. She probably wrote Ewa after finding her address in an advertisement for pen-pals in a newspaper. Their relationship stopped aft
15、er the letter was not delivered. “The loss was not life-changing,” said Klonovska. She then asked, “What if they delivered a lost letter from a suitor (求婚者) to his love, and their wedding never happened?”4. The word “pranking” in paragraph 2 means _.A. playing a trick onB. paying attention toC. find
16、ing fault withD. getting in touch with5. Why were some people emotional when they received the letters?A. The arrival of the lost letters had been long expected.B. They knew more about their parents through the letters.C. A postal worker hid the letters for a selfish purpose.D. Postal workers overca
17、me difficulties to find the recipients.6 What did Klonovska try to express in the last paragraph?A. All these letters were important reminders of memories.B. She didnt mind if the post office gave her the letter.C. The course of her life would never change for the lost letter.D. The lost letters cou
18、ld have caused serious consequences.CThe history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Lecuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He
19、developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Lecuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”. His observations, wh
20、ich he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes, Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, obs
21、erved plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects. Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoeks discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms
22、 attacking and weakening the body. Pasteurs theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoeks original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy. In a 1716 letter,
23、 he described his contribution to science this way:“My work, which Ive done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore, whenever I found out anything
24、 remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed thereof. ”7. Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?A. A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology.B. A curious amateur who made pioneer studies of microb
25、es.C. A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease.D. A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery.8. The underlined phrase ”this legacy“in paragraph 3 refers to_.A. the discovery of microbes.B. Pasteurs theory of disease.C. Leeuwenhoeks contribution.D. the origin of
26、the tiny organism.9. What does the quote from Leeuwenhoeks letter suggest?A. He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.B. He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.C. He was greatly concermed with improving peoples living conditions.D. He believed the shar
27、ing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.DBatman may not have any superpowers, but his inspiration certainly does. More than 1, 400 bat species live around the world, except in Antarctica and a few remote islands. Over their 50 million years of evolution, bats have developed clever solution
28、s to lifes challenges, from a built-in sonar (声呐) system for finding food to fast, flexible wings that produce the fastest level-flight speed of any animal on Earth. “There is still a lot to learn, but it is clear that bats really do have superpowers,” says Rodrigo Medellin, an ecologist. “Bats are
29、showing us how to live a better life, for instance, by serving as models for healthy living and long lives.”As a general rule in biology, smaller animals have shorter lives than larger ones. But bats are rule breakers: theyre the longest-lived mammals (哺乳动物) relative to their body size. Recently, sc
30、ientists looked inside bats cells for the secrets to their exceptionally long lives. They focused on telomeres (端粒), which are the protective structures found at the ends of chromosomes (染色体). In most animals, telomeres tend to get shorter with age. But the telomeres of the longest-lived group of ba
31、ts, Myotis, do not appear to shrink (收缩) with age. Understanding why bats live so long may help humans live longer one day. In addition to living longer, bats remain healthy throughout their lives, with very low risk of developing cancer. Furthermore, bats can carry deadly viruses without getting si
32、ck. So further research into their unique immune (免疫的) systems may actually give insight into how people can live with viruses andnot get sick. Beyond their own abilities, bats also support many other parts of their ecosystems. Three out of every four bat species eat insects. Many are pests that cau
33、se damage to important agricultural crops, such as cotton. Scientists estimate that insect-eating bats may save U. S. farmers about 1 billion per year. In addition, many bat species help improve plant health and diversity. “Bats are unsung heroes of biodiversity,” says Medellin. “Its about time we a
34、ppreciated them.”10. What did scientists recently find?A. Animals telomeres rarely shrink with age.B. Myotiss telomeres do not shorten as they age.C. Smaller animals usually live shorter lives than larger ones.D. More research into bat telomeres could help people live more healthily.11. What is the
35、authors intention in writing the last paragraph but one?A. To show what bats feed on.B. To call on people to protect bats.C. To explain how bats benefit the farmers.D. To highlight the importance of bats to the ecosystem.12 What would be a suitable title for this text?A. Bats Offer Clues to Treating
36、 DiseasesB. How Bats Deal with Lifes ChallengesC. Scientists Unlock the Secrets to Long LivesD. Why Bats Are Superheroes of the Animal WorldEChinas digital economy is expected to provide a strong boost to global economic recovery, but more efforts should be made to bridge the digital divide and prom
37、ote data flow, said industry experts and top company officials on Friday. “Chinas digital economy, which is indeed in the fast lane, has become a new growth driver of the countrys economic growth amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It has and will play an important role in driving economic recovery globally
38、, “said Gong Ke, president of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations and executive director of the Chinese Institute for the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development strategies. “While data is an important factor of digital economy, more effort should be made to bridge the digit
39、al divide to benefit more user groups. To be specific, we need to improve infrastructure (基础设施) construction and the sharing of computing power from leading companies to smaller ones, ”Gong said. He made the remarks at a sub-forum of the fourth Hongqiao International Economic Forum during the ongoin
40、g China International Import Expo in Shanghai. Liu Jun, president of Bank of Communications, said that a winner-takes-all phenomenon is happening during the development of the platform-based economy because the countrys digital economy has developed at an unparalleled speed with insufficient supervi
41、sion over the past decade. “Therefore, it is necessary to break down the existing information barriers to promote the free flow of data. The value of data cannot be maximized if a certain company uses it exclusively. Data from various departments, fields and industries must be fully combined and cor
42、related, ”Liu said. Chinas digital economy reached $5. 4 trillion last year in terms of market size, which grew 9. 6 percent year-on-year, the fastest worldwide, said the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology a government think tank. Such rapid development of the digital economy
43、 has attracted companies from abroad to participate. They are also expected to explore more new opportunities in the Chinese market. To embrace the trend, Omron Healthcare said it will leverage its technological competence to develop more digital innovations for the Chinese market. The Japanese indu
44、strial automation giant displayed a series of digitalized products, including smart healthcare management terminals and glucose (葡萄糖)meters at the ongoing expo. “The rapid growth of Chinas trade, including digital trade, has produced a strong spillover effect for the world and it will enable Chinas
45、economy to maintain a long-term positive trend and thus make a contribution to global economic growth, ”said Zhao Yao, general manager of Omron Healthcare China. The CAICT report also pointed out that China and the United States are leading global development of the digital economy. The two economie
46、s also ranked first and second in terms of the market size of digital economy last year.13. According to what Gong Ke said we may learn that_.A. Chinas digital economy takes full advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic.B. Global economic recovery will benefit from Chinas digital economy the most.C. Despi
47、te covid-19 Chinas digital economy pushes global economic growth ahead.D. Improving infrastructure construction will benefit Chinese people more from the growth.14. What can be done to break down the barriers on the way to a further development in digital economy?A. All tech companies should be put
48、under stricter supervision.B. It is necessary to stop the free flow of data, which is the existing information barier.C. To maximize the value of data tends to be applied exclusively.D. Sharing and free flow of data should be guaranteed through efficient supervision.15. Whats the main idea of the pa
49、ssage?A. Chinas digital economy is now enhancing the worlds economic growth.B. Nothing can block Chinas digital economy development but over strict supervision.C. Breaking information barriers with supervision can further Chinas digital economy healthily.D. Chinas fast development in digital economy att