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1、2011MiddleSchoolEntranceExaminationEnglishToCONTENTSClassificationofNounsThenumberofnounsThepossessivecaseofnounsThesyntacticfunctionofnounsFixedcollocationofnounsClassificationofNouns010102ProperterminologyExample:John,China,WorldCupProper nouns are names ofspecificpersons,places,organizations,even
2、ts,etc.Theyareusuallycapitalized.Commonnounsaregeneraltermsthatcanbeappliedtomultipleobjectsorentities.Theyarenotcapitalized.Example:car,tree,flowerCommonnounCountablenounCountablenounscanbeusedwithnumbersorquantifierstoexpressquantity.Theyhavesingularandpluralforms.Example:onecar,twocars,threedogsU
3、ncountablenounsaresubstancesorabstractconceptsthatcannotbecountedormeasured.Theyaresingularinform.Example:milk,bread,happinessUncountablenounThenumberofnouns02Countablenounsarenounsthatcanbecounted,suchascat,dog,book,etc.InEnglish,mostnounsarecountable,andtheirpluralformsareusuallyformedbyadding-sor
4、-es.Somecountablenounshaveirregularpluralforms,suchasmanturningintomen,gooseturningintogeese,etc.ThenumberofcountablenounsUncountablenounsarenounsthatcannotbecounted,suchasmilk,bread,rice,etc.Thesenounsareusuallymassnouns,andtheyarenotpluralized.Someuncountablenounscanbemeasuredorcountedinspecificco
5、ntexts,suchastwolitersofmilkorthreeloavesofbread.ThenumberofuncountablenounsVSSomepluralnounshavespecialforms,suchasoxturningintooxen,childturningintochildren,footturningintofeet,etc.Thesespecialformsareusuallyusedinspecificcontextsorforemphasis.Somepluralnounshaveirregularforms,suchastoothturningin
6、toteeth,louseturningintolice,etc.Theseirregularformsneedtobememorizedseparately.SpecialformsofpluralnounsThepossessivecaseofnouns03Formation01Thepossessivecaseofanounisformedbyaddinganapostropheandanstotheendofthenoun.Forexample,JohnscarmeansthecarbelongingtoJohn.SingularandPlural02Thepossessivecase
7、isusedforbothsingularandpluralnouns.Forexample,theteachersbookandthechildrenstoys.ProperNouns03Propernounsendinginsdonotaddanothersinthepossessivecase.Forexample,Mosessstaff.TheConstructionofNounPossessiveCaseThepossessivecaseisusedtoshowpossession,ownershiporrelationship.Forexample,Johnscarmeanstha
8、tJohnownsthecar.ToshowpossessionThepossessivecasecanalsobeusedtoshowindefinitepossession,suchasanyonesbook.IndefinitePossessionTheusageofpossessivecaseofnounsDefinitionThedoublegenitiveisagrammaticalconstructionwhereapossessivenounisusedinfrontofapossessivepronoun.Forexample,Johnsbookofmine.UsageThe
9、doublegenitiveisusedtoemphasizepossessionortoshowacloserrelationshipbetweenthetwopossessives.Itcanalsobeusedforemphasisortoavoidambiguity.doublegenitiveThesyntacticfunctionofnouns04表示动作、行为的发出者。在句子中，名词作为主语，表示动作、行为的发出者，如Thecatsatonthemat.中的cat就是主语，表示坐这个动作的发出者。Asthesubject详细描述总结词whom引导定语从句，修饰名词。总结词在复合句
10、中，whom作为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰名词，表示被修饰名词的特征或属性，如ThemanwhomIsawisateacher.中的whom修饰man，表示这个人的身份是老师。详细描述adj总结词用作形容词，修饰名词。详细描述名词可以用作形容词，修饰名词，表示被修饰名词的性质、状态或特征，如redapple中的red就是形容词，修饰apple，表示苹果的颜色是红色。用作同位语，补充说明名词。名词可以用作同位语，补充说明名词，进一步说明名词的具体内容或身份，如Myfriend,John,isateacher.中的John就是同位语，补充说明Myfriend的身份是老师。总结词详细描述Asapp
11、ositiveFixedcollocationofnouns05afixedcombinationofpersonalnameandsurname,commoninEnglish-speakingcountries.afixedcombinationofpersonalnameandsurname,typicalinChineseculture.acombinationoffirstnameandsurname,oftenusedinformalcontexts.JohnSmithZhangWeiMichaelJacksonThefixedcombinationofpersonalnamesa
12、ndnamesanounthatreferstoapieceoffurnitureusedforstoringbooks.bookcaseanounthatreferstoasmallbookusedforwritingnotes.notebookanounthatreferstoanelectronicdeviceusedforreceivingandbroadcastingsoundwaves.radioFixedcollocationsofcommonnounsapersonwhoteachestheEnglishlanguage.Englishteacherapersonwhoteachesmathematics.mathteachera person who teaches science,includingphysics,chemistry,biology,andearthscience.scienceteacherThefixedcombinationofsubjectnames谢谢您的聆听THANKS