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1、备战备战2022中考英语语法专题过关中考英语语法专题过关 专题十六专题十六 简单句与主谓一致简单句与主谓一致20212021年中考考点真题年中考考点真题1.(河北)my,it,birthday,was,yesterday_.2.(四川)Jane,I rang you up last night but nobody answered.Oh,I together with my parents _walks in the park then.A.have taken B.was taking C.were taking D.had taken3.(广西)Not only Peter but al
2、so his father _ crazy about the basketball match.A.am B.is C.are D.beIt was my birthday yesterday考点考点1：简单句：简单句BB考点考点2：主谓一致：主谓一致简单句简单句 图 解 语 法主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)(+状语状语)主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语(+状语状语)主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+)+间接宾语间接宾语+直直接宾语接宾语(+(+状语状语)主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+)+宾语宾语+宾语补宾语补足语足
3、语(+(+状语状语)主谓一致主谓一致语法一致原则语法一致原则 谓语动词的单复数根据主语的单复数形式而定谓语动词的单复数根据主语的单复数形式而定就近原则就近原则谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致意义一致原则意义一致原则谓语动词的单复数根据句子主语所表达的意义谓语动词的单复数根据句子主语所表达的意义来确定来确定主语谓语主语谓语 不及物动词不及物动词(短语短语)()(状语状语)该句型中，不及物动词该句型中，不及物动词(短语短语)后面不能直接加宾语，但后面不能直接加宾语，但可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。Class be
4、gins.主语主语 谓语谓语 His father has gone abroad.主语主语 谓语谓语 状语状语考点考点1 1：简单句的五种句式简单句的五种句式主语谓语主语谓语及物动词及物动词(短语短语)+宾语宾语(状语状语)该句式中的动词该句式中的动词(短语短语)都是及物动词都是及物动词(短语短语)，可作宾，可作宾语的有名词语的有名词(短语短语)、代词、动词、代词、动词ing形式、不定式形式、不定式(to do)或名词性从句。或名词性从句。She likes English.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 You must listen to me.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 He know
5、s what to do next.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 考点考点1 1：简单句的五种句式简单句的五种句式主语系动词表语主语系动词表语(状语状语)be动词和动词和become是常见的系动词，后面必须接表语或表是常见的系动词，后面必须接表语或表语从句，说明主语语从句，说明主语“是是”或或“变成变成”的意思。的意思。*其他系动词：其他系动词：变化系动词变化系动词：get/go/grow/turn持续系动词：持续系动词：keep/remain/stay/lie/stand感官系动词：感官系动词：look/seem/feel/sound/taste/smell考点考点1 1：简单句的五种句式简
6、单句的五种句式 He became a teacher.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 This is all we have 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 This is where he was brought up 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语从句表语从句 Children grow wiser as they grow older.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 状语从句状语从句主语系动词表语主语系动词表语(状语状语)考点考点1 1：简单句的五种句式简单句的五种句式主语谓语主语谓语(及物动词及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语(状语状语)一般情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的
7、前面，但有时根一般情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间据强调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间接宾语前加介词接宾语前加介词to或或for。这类动词有。这类动词有bring,give,offer,promise,show,lend等。等。考点考点1 1：简单句的五种句式简单句的五种句式I bought John a birthday gift 主语主语 谓语谓语 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 The teacher showed me how to read this word 主语主语 谓语谓语 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直
8、接宾语 My mother gave a book to the boy.主语主语 谓语谓语 直接宾语直接宾语 介词介词 间接宾语间接宾语主语谓语主语谓语(及物动词及物动词)宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语(状语状语)在某些及物动词后面，要用一个在某些及物动词后面，要用一个“宾语宾补宾语宾补”才能表才能表达完整的意思。宾语与宾补合称为达完整的意思。宾语与宾补合称为复合宾语复合宾语，介词、形，介词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语可作宾补。容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语可作宾补。考点考点1 1：简单句的五种句式简单句的五种句式I also want you to remember it.主语主语
9、 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 Iwanted to make the room warm.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补1.They give him a book as a present.(改为同义句)They a book him as a present.2.My mother bought me a book as my birthday present.(改为同义句)My mother _ a book _ me as my birthday present.3.The teacher encouraged us _ good compositions.A.Writing
10、 B.written C.to write D.is writing4.His mother told him _a bike in the street.A.not to ride B.to not ride C.not ride D.ride not to5.I could feel the wind _on my face from an open window.A.to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D.blowngive tobought forCAB简单句的五种句式简单句的五种句式-考点练习考点练习主主谓谓一一致致即即谓谓语语动动词词在在人人称称和和
11、数数上上要要和和主主语语保保持持一一致致，包括包括语法一致语法一致、意义一致意义一致和和就近原则就近原则三大原则。三大原则。语法一致原则语法一致原则语法一致原则语法一致原则：谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致。谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致。意意意意义义义义一一一一致致致致原原原原则则则则：根根据据句句子子主主语语的的意意义义，而而不不是是主主语语的的形形式式来确定谓语动词的单复数。来确定谓语动词的单复数。就近原则就近原则就近原则就近原则：谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语保持一致。谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语保持一致。考点考点2 2：主谓一致主谓一致语法一致语法一致原则原则主语成分主语
12、成分谓语谓语例句例句动词不定式短语、动名词短语动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句或从句单数单数What he said is very important for us all.不定代词不定代词each,every,either,neither,everything,nobody等等Each of us has a new dictionary.the number of/one of名词复名词复数数The number of students in our class is 32.a pair/a kindof复数名词复数名词A pair of gloves is lying on the t
13、able.考点考点2 2：主谓一致主谓一致主语成分主语成分谓语谓语例句例句pairs/kindsof复数复数名词名词复数复数Sixty pairs of socks are sold every week on average in the shop.a number of名词复数名词复数A number of trees are cut down.and或或both.and.连接连接的名词或代词的名词或代词Both John and Mike are students.语法一致原则语法一致原则考点考点2 2：主谓一致主谓一致主语成分主语成分谓语谓语例句例句主语后有主语后有with,along
14、 with,together with，as well as等修饰的名词或代等修饰的名词或代词词取决取决于于主语主语Tom with his parents is watching TV.a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of名词名词Lots of people have been there.分数或百分数分数或百分数of名词名词Two thirds of the work has been finished.语法一致原则语法一致原则考点考点2 2：主谓一致主谓一致1.Both Mike and his sister Lucy good at Chinese.A.
15、is B.am C.are D.be2.Look!Someone _ the icebox back to the corner.Well,it wasnt me.I didnt do it.A.has moved B.is moving C.was movingD.will move3.So far,the number of people using 5G mobile phones _ a lot.A.is increasingB.are increasingC.has increasedD.have increased4.This pair of jeans _ nice.A.look
16、B.looksC.is look5.Music along with other forms of art _（play）an important role in our daily life.CACB语法一致原则语法一致原则-考点练习考点练习plays6.Did you sleep well last night?Far from that!One of my neighbours _ music pretty loud.A.plays B.is playingC.was playingD.would play7.A number of students _ in the dinning r
17、oom.Let me count.The number of the students _ about 400.A.are;is B.are;arC.is;are D.is;is8._ the population of your city?About 80 thousand,I think.A.What areB.How much isC.How many are D.What is9.Either of the boys _ (know)the right answer.Lets ask them for help.10.Neither of the twins _(invite)to t
18、he party last night.CADknowswas invited语法一致原则语法一致原则-考点练习考点练习主语成分主语成分谓语谓语例句例句集体名词集体名词(如如family/class/team/group/public等等)取决于取决于主语的主语的意义意义His familyHis family is going to move to Beijing.(作为整体时，用单数作为整体时，用单数)The whole familyThe whole family are having dinner.(作家庭成员讲时，用作家庭成员讲时，用复数复数)考点考点2 2：主谓一致主谓一致意义一致
19、原则意义一致原则主语成分主语成分谓语谓语例句例句集合名词集合名词(如：如：people/police等等)复数复数The police are helping the girl find her mother.the 姓氏名词复数，表姓氏名词复数，表示示“一家一家”或或“夫夫妇妇”The Blacks enjoy working in China.the某些形容词，表示一某些形容词，表示一类人类人The young are energetic.意义一致原则意义一致原则考点考点2 2：主谓一致主谓一致主语成分主语成分谓语谓语例句例句and连接并列主语，连接并列主语，表示同一个人或物表示同一个人或
20、物(即：即：and后面无冠词后面无冠词)单数单数A famous writer and teacher is going to have a speech in our school.表示重量、度量、时表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语学运算等的词或短语Two pounds isnt so heavy.Two months is a long holiday.意义一致原则意义一致原则考点考点2 2：主谓一致主谓一致1.The young always _ an important part in such activities.A.plays B.play
21、C.playingD.to play2.My family usually_bread，eggs and milk _ breakfastA.has；for B.have；forC.has；on D.have；on3.In front of these old houses _ a river,which is not wide or deep but clean.A.standB.standsC.run D.runs4.80%of the students _ to school by bus.A.goB.goesC.attendD.attendsBBDA意义一致原则意义一致原则-考点练习考
22、点练习5.Sixty percent of my pocket money _ from my mother.A.get B.are C.comeD.comes6.People at the community centre _a big family.They are helpful and kind to each other.A.likesB.are likeC.dont like D.looks like7.Two hours of playing games _(be)enough for you.DBis意义一致原则意义一致原则-考点练习考点练习(1)由由either.or.，ne
23、ither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.或或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和距离连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和距离较近的主语在数上保持一致。较近的主语在数上保持一致。Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.(2)There be.和和Here be.这两个句式中的这两个句式中的be动词常与它动词常与它最近的主语在数上保持一致。最近的主语在数上保持一致。There is a glass of water and three apples on the tabl
24、e.语法一致原则语法一致原则考点考点2 2：主谓一致主谓一致1.Either his father or he _ reading very much.A.likes B.likeC.likingD.to like2.Id like you to tell me something about Shennongjia.Im sorry,but neither Jack nor I _ there.A.have been B.has beenC.have gone D.has gone3.Not only my sister but also I crazy about rock music.A.amB.is C.areD.be4.-Whats in the picture on the wall?-There _ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.A.has B.areC.is D.haveAAAC语法一致原则语法一致原则-考点练习考点练习