《专题 15 阅读理解议论文（学生版）--十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题 15 阅读理解议论文（学生版）--十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）.docx（78页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、专题15阅读理解议论文2023年阅读理解议论文Passage 1【2023年全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writ
2、ing is one of humanitys later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we
3、simply cant. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cooks voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captains record of that terrible day. From the Aust
4、ralian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of mis
5、comprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Ben
6、in and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our fir
7、st-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.B. What humanity is concerned about.C.
8、 Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A. His report was scientific.B. He represented the local people.C. He ruled over Botany Bay.D. His record was one-sided.14. What does the underlined
9、word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. Voice.D. Society.15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of AustraliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art Works Tell Stories2022年阅
10、读理解议论文Passage1【2022年全国甲卷】Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is
11、the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways he for a lunch break, I to e
12、xplore the city.“Ill miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.“How do you mean?” I asked.“Oh, theyre replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but theyre not so elegant, and theyre not fun to pilot. But thats progress, I guess.”Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are
13、 the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the citys official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We cant seem to
14、 make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. Its a conflict that we arent getting any better at resolving (解决).”On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many peop
15、le say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. Weve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism
16、of a young country. Its a pretty hard combination to beat.”He is right, but I cant help wishing they would keep those old ferries.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. Sydneys striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.C. The key to Sydneys development.D. Sydneys tourist att
17、ractions in the 1960s.13. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?A. He goes to work by boat.B. He looks forward to a new life.C. He pilots catamarans well.D. He is attached to the old ferries.14. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?A. It is losing its traditions.B. It should speed up its p
18、rogress.C. It should expand its population.D. It is becoming more international.15. Which statement will the author probably agree with?A. A city can be young and old at the same time.B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.D. Comp
19、romise should be made between the local and the foreign.Passage2【2022年北京卷】Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quan
20、tum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as ha
21、ve many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep. “Whats new,” Jo
22、hnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers can
23、t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for someth
24、ing cool you shouldnt be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johns
25、ons concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He ad
26、ds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else t
27、o invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnsons concerns, the author feels _.A. sympatheticB. unconcernedC. doubtfulD. excited32. What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A. His dominance in physics.B. The competition in the field.C. Hi
28、s confidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Open.B. Cool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum Computing Redefini
29、ng Technology?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?Passage3【2022年天津卷第二次】Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such word
30、s of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives.Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on co
31、mfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships.What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first
32、serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to creat
33、e a better world.The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that well soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeli
34、ng.However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False know
35、ledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car cant move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead
36、a good life.With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?A. Making us s
37、imple-mindedB. Making us short-signted.C. Leading us onto a busy road.D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?A. Through maintaining good health.B. By going through pain and suffering.C. By recognizing ones abilities and limitations.D. Throu
38、gh offering help much needed by others.53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one_.A. less selfishB. less annoyingC. more motivatedD. more responsible54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?A. When we have wrong knowledge of th
39、e world.B. When our love for the world is insufficient.C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.D. When we stay blind to the reality.55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when _.A. inspired by love and guided by knowledgeB. directed by love and pushed by knowledgeC. purified
40、 by love and enriched by knowledgeD. promoted by love and defined by knowledge2021年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2021年全国甲卷】Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to
41、 go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It
42、s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by S
43、cience found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” C
44、an our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Heres the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look
45、, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”12. What does the autho
46、r think of victors standards for joining the genius club?A. Theyre unfair.B. Theyre conservative.C. Theyre objective.D. Theyre strict.13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A. They think themselves smart.B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier th
47、an boys.D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B. Less discrimination against women.C. Acceptance of victors concepts.D. Changes in peoples social positions.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuse
48、s Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many FormsC. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and LuckPassage2【2021年全国乙卷】When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only