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1、unit3语法一、系动词的种类：1.状态系动词用来表示主语状态、性质、身份等，常用的有be。I was furious when he crashed my car.当他撞了我的车时，我很生气。同步练习1 .Neither she nor I a doctor.A. am not B. am C. are D. is1.1 a worker next year.A. am B. will be C. be D. will3 .There an apple and three oranges on the desk.4 .a meeting here tomorrow.A. There are
2、B. There will be C. There be D. There is going to2 .持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep （保持）,remain （依然）, stay （保持）,lie （保持）,stand （矗 立着）sit （坐）,continue （继续）。He always kept silent at the meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。Whatever happens, we should keep/ stay calm.不管发生什么事，我们都要保持镇静。The weather continued hot after the r
3、ain.雨后，天气依然很热。The house stood empty for years. 这房子多年空着。3 .表象系动词用来表示“看起来、似乎、显得”这一概念，常用的有seem,appear,look。He appeared tired and sleepy.他显得很疲倦,好像要睡着了。He seems （to be） very sad.他看起来很伤心。4 .感官系动词用来表示人的感觉的一类动词，常用的有look （看起来），feel （摸起来、感觉）,smell （闻起来）,sound （听起 来），taste （尝起来）。This kind of cloth feels very s
4、oft.这种布手感很软。Medicine tastes bitter but it cures diseases.良药苦口利于病。同步练习1 .Those oranges taste.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well2 .The material very soft.A few years later, he became an official at the Imperial Medical Institute.Even though he fulfilled his fathers dream he didnt want to cont
5、inue working for the court.One year later, he left the court and returned to be a doctor again.Li Shizhen. was famous for his book, Compendium of Materia Medica 本草纲 目 ）. He spent 27 years writing the book. Unluckily, Li Shizhen died before the book was officially published. It is such a successful b
6、ook. Now it is still one of the most important medical books in China.26. What was Li Shizhe/s grandfather?A. An official.B. A prince.C. A country doctor.D. A writer.27. What did Li Shizhens father want Li Shizhen to do?A. To be a doctor.B. To write a book.C. To be a prince.D. To enter politics.28.
7、When he was 38, Li Shizhen cured.A. his grandfatherB. the son of the Prince of ChuC. an official in that countryD. a famous doctor29. According to the passage, what was Li Shizhen famous for?A. Working for the court.B. The book, Compendium of Materia Medica.C. His long traveling.D. Curing a lot of p
8、eople.30. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Li Shizhens life.B. Li Shizhens grandfather/s life.C. Li Shizhens fathers life.D. Li Shizhens book.BRecently, a junior high school sent several students back home because they broke the school uniform （校月艮）rules. Should students wear school unifor
9、ms? The Young World magazine held a discussion on this topic （话题）.Kennedy: The school uniform is very important, because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard. It also helps prevent school bullying （欺凌）.If everyone wears the same clothes, it is impossible to laugh
10、 at other peoples clothing.Manson: The uniform has to be earned （获得）through efforts. Students should start school with no uniforms.As they make progress at school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school. Theuniform is important for that. So, make students ear
11、n it! If they dont perform well, they should not be allowed to get one.Moorhead: In my opinion, kids dont have to wear uniforms. There should be more choices open to kids in education. They ought to develop their own independence and just be themselves. Their personalities would be expressed through
12、 their own clothes at school. And different dress could be one way of showing their understanding of beauty. Besides, they make the school lively and colorful.Patrick: I can see the advantages of wearing school uniforms. They play a very important role in managing schools. However, a school should n
13、ot depend heavily on uniforms to improve students behaviors. Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence （信，心）is more important.31. What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1?A. Present an opinion on a subject.B. Introduce a topic for discussion.C. Provide a way to solve problems.32.
14、 What is Kennedy in the second paragraph?A. A student.B. A teacher.C. A parent.33. In Mansons opinion,.A. students have the right to get school uniforms for freeB. students should be encouraged to earn school uniformsC. students performing well neednt wear school uniforms34. According to Patrick, wh
15、at is more important?A. Managing schools by uniforms.B. Improving students behaviors.C. Helping students express themselves confidently.35. We can learn from the text that.A. Kennedy cant stand school uniformsB. Moorhead is against school uniform rulesC. the writer holds the same opinion as Patricks
16、3.What you have said.A. is sounded interesting B. sounds interesting C. sound interested D. listens interested4.1 feel to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble.A. luckily; B. happy; C. sorry5.变化或结果的系动词用于表示主语变成什么样，常用的有become （变成）,grow （长得）,turn （变得）,fall （变为）,get （变得）,go
17、 （变得）, come （成为），prove （证明是）。The students fell quiet as the scientist started to speak.那位科学家开始讲话后，学生们安静下来。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富 了。The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。It s a week since she fell ill.她得病一周了。特别提示：1. get, become, go, turn, grow 的区别：1） become： 一般表示变化过程已经完成，较正式，通常不用来表示未来的事，
18、后接形容词、名词、过 去分词作表语。Helen became an electronic engineer.海伦成了一名 电子工程师。2） get：表示一种变化过程，强调的是“渐渐变得，更口语化，通常接形容词，也可以用在lost,broken, dressed, married等过去分词的前面。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.我们的国家日益强大。Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我遇上了倾盆大雨。3） go：多表示从好的状态变成坏的状态，通常接mad, crazy blind, bad等
19、或表示颜色的形容词。Something has gone wrong with the machine. 机器出了毛病。4） turn：侧重于“变得与以前完全不同”。后多接表颜色的及表天气的形容词，如果接名词，要省略 冠词。He used to be a teacher till he turned writer.成为作家之前他是一名教师。She turned /went blue with cold.她冻得脸色发青 了。5） grow：侧重于“逐渐变得”，强调变化的过程。He is growing old.他渐渐老了。同步练习1.1 t colder and colder in winter
20、.A. becomes B. get C. becoming D. is coming2.Don, t eat the food. It bad.A. go B. was getting C. goes D. smell3.She engineer last year.A. became B. is becoming C. is D. turned2. look, seem, appear 的区另U1）在意义上：look： 一般用于非正式场合，侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。seem：指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况。appear：常用于正式文体中，指某事物或人给他
21、人的表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。He looks like his father.（指其长相看起来相像）He seems like his father.（指说话人从个性方面得到的判断）My music teacher is fifty but she appears young.我的音乐老师已五十岁了，但看起来很年轻。（其实并不年轻）2） look, seem之后可接介词like,但appear之后一般不能。He looks /seems like a fool.他看起来像个大傻瓜。3） appear和seem后可接不定式和that引导的从句，但look较少用。He seems/
22、appears to have travelled a lot.他似乎去过许多地方旅行。It seems/ appears that he is very tired.他似乎很累了。3. keep, remain, stay1）系动词keep意思是“保持状态”，后常接形容词或介词短语，如alive, awake, cheerful, silent, dry, well, fit, fine, close, clean, happy 等。In order to keep fit, all students go in for sports.为了保持健康，所有学生都参加体育运动。We d bett
23、er keep in touch.我们最好保持联系。2） remain意思是“仍然存在状态”，后接形容词、过去分词、名词或介词短语，强调某种状态前 后无变化。Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，而约翰依旧是渔民。Your room remains like this.你的房间依旧是这样子。3）系动词stay是“保持状态”，后接形容词、分词等。常可与keep互换。The door stayed closed. 门一直关着。Please stay seated.请继续坐着。I had to stay awake all
24、 night looking after the sick baby.我照顾那个病儿，一整夜没有睡。4. 一些系动词同时也是实义动词，如果是及物动词可有被动语态，可以单独作谓语。对比这些句子：He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（fell是系动词,后跟表语，说明主语情况）He fell off the ladder.他从梯子上摔下来。（fell是实义动词，单独作谓语）She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。（smelt是实义动词，说明主语动作）The flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。（smell是系动词,说明主语的特点）It
25、 was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine.今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。（系动词）All the lights in the house were turned off.屋里的灯都关掉了。（实义动词）5. 瞬间系动词与时间段连用英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词,如become, turn, prove等不能与“for+时间段，since+时间点，until, so far等直接连用。如：不能说：He has become a policeman for 12 years.应改为：He has been a poli
26、ceman for 12 years.不能说：He has turned writer since eight years ago.应改为：He has been a write since eight years ago.不能说：He got angry until his child came back home.应改为：Hedidn t get angry until his child came back home.二、表语:表语用来说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，即简单句五种句型之 一：“主语+系动词+表语”。表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语或
27、起名词、形容词作用的词或 短语（如：不定式，动词ing形式等）担任，也可以是从句。但是许多系动词多接形容词或相当于形容词的 词，如动词-ing形式。Pollution from cars has become a major problem. 汽车尾气成了个主要问题。Please feel free to say what you really think.请随便谈谈你的想法吧。I m much worried about her health.我对她的健康状况感到忧虑。Wasting time is killing yourself.浪费时间就是自杀。Come to see me tomor
28、row when I am at work,明天我上班时来见你。This is where we disagree with each other.这就是我们有分歧的地方。特别提示：1） look, smell, sound, feel； appear, seem可接as if/as though引导的表语从句。从句如果与事实相反 或很难实现，要用虚拟语气。She seemed as if （though） she couldn t understand why Laura was there.看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉在那儿。It sounds to me as though there
29、s a tap running somewhere.我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales. （虚拟语气）他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。It seems as if it were spring already, but it s only February. （虚拟语气）才二月份，就好像是春天了。2）可用于“代+系动词+that从句”结构的有：seem, appear等，不可用be, look。It seemed that he had made some s
30、erious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自语。3）能用不定式作表语的系动词有：be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, growoHer job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子们。He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父亲。My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议证明是错误的。4）能与there连
31、用的系动词有：be, appear, seem。There appeared to be only one room.那儿好像只有一个房间。【语法专练】（一）选择填空1. My brother a teacher. He his pupils very much.A. is, likeB. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like2. A: How many days there in a week?B: There seven.A. is, isB. are, areC. is, areD. are, is3.1 tired last night.A. bec
32、ameB. feltC. lookedD. am4. Her face pale （苍 白） when she heard the bad news.D. wasD. becomeA. gotB. isC. turned5. You pale. Whats wrong with you?A. turnB. seemC. look6. The boy ill today.A. areB. isC. beD. am7. Which bigger, the sun or the moon?A. areB. isC. be8. Neither she nor I a doctor.A. am notB
33、. amC. are8.1 a worker next year.A. amB. will beC. be10. Her voice like my mothers.D. xD. isD. willA. soundsB. soundC. looksD. look11. It often rains and the crops fast.D. becomeA. getB.turnC. grow12. A: How are you now?8: Much better, thank you.D. turningA. gettingB.feelingC.making13. The teachers
34、smile made me better.A. feelB. to feelC. feelingD. felt14. My English teacher.A. all look young B. looks youngC. look young D. all looks young15.1 busy now, but I free next week.A. am, amB. am, will C. am, will be D. being, will be16.1 at this school for about two months.A. amB. will beC. have been
35、D. was17. My brother in the League for about five years.A. have beenB. has beenC. wasD. is18. Come to my office if you free tomorrow.A. areB. will beC. wasD. is19. If water heated, it will be into vapour （蒸气）.A. was, turned B. is, turned C. is. getD. was, got20. If you dont take back what you just s
36、aid, Mother angry.D. feelsD. wereA. isB. w川 beC. get21. Neither of us a doctor.A. amB. areC. is22. He a famous writer.A.turnsB. becomeC. has become D. has turned23. The girls face red.A. turnedB. gotC. feel24. He very glad.A. lookedB. turnedC. feel25. The flowers fragrant （芳香）.A. getB. smellsC. smel
37、l26. The table very smooth.A. lookB. turnC. feels27. Jack younger than Tom.A. lookB. feelC. feelsD. lookD. looksD. feelsD. smellD. looks28. She looksA.happyB. to be happyC. happilyD. that she is happy（二）用 smell, taste, go, get, become, grow, seem, look, feel, turn 的适当形式填空1. You very young.2. At firs
38、t those questions easy, but later I found them difficult.3. After the sports meeting, he very tired.4. My younger brother a student last year.5. When we up, were going to help build up our country.6. The flowers very sweet.7. Her face red.8. Jack very happy.9. The mooncake good.10. The meat bad.（三）把
39、下列各句译成英语1 .她看起来很年轻。2 .天色渐黑，咱们回家吧。3 .他好象匆忙的样子。4 .为什么他感到悲伤？5 .我祖母的头发变白了。6 .约翰成了一名好学生。7 . 1995年我哥哥成了一名解放军战士。8 .他来看我时，我在生病。9 .整天工作后，汤姆感觉又饿又累。10 .听到这个好消息时，她的脸色变红。1L他的答案似乎正确。课后作业一、选择填空：1 . Mum, what are you cooking? It so sweet.A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells2 .You can iron your own shirts,?A. do y
40、ou B. dont you C. can you D. cant you3 .When people old, they cant do things very quickly.A. make B. get C. take D.do4 .Do you have any trouble the work in time?A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished5 .my father cant come to my school events. I dont mind.A. Although B. Because C. Since D. B
41、ut1.1 am ( happy, happily).7. He is (successful, successfully).8. Lucy is (kind, kindly).二.语法选择(15分)Once upon a time, there was a small town. And there was a cave near the town. People called 1 the “Cave of Fear”. Many people had explored into the cave 2 no one had ever returned from there. So peopl
42、e lived in terror. They were afraid 3 the monster would leave the cave one day. Since then, no one went to the cave any more.Many years 4, a young man came to the town one day. He heard 5 the situation of thecave, he decided to enter the cave and 6 the monster. The young man wanted 7 personto go wit
43、h him, but everyone was 8 afraid that a single person got near the mouth of thecave with him.The young man never gave up. He went inside the cave alone. Suddenly, he felt something hit him9 on the back. This pushed him forward towards a hole in the rock. He 10 avoid it, and fellthrough. He thought h
44、e was about to 11.However; as he fell, he heard music, and voices. They got 12 when he reached closer to thebottom of the cave. He heard a group of people shout, “Surprise!”It was 13 big party! The partygoers were all those people 14 had never returned tothe town. They explained to him that this pla
45、ce had been the idea of an old mayor of the town. That mayor had tried to do 15 great things, but was always held back by the fears of the people around him. So he created the story of the monster. He wanted to tell people that fear would stop your way to exploration.1. A. itself2. A. if3. A.that4.
46、A. after5. A. from6. A. met7. A. another8. A. very9. A. hardly10. A. mustnt11. A. die12. A. clear13. A. a14. A. who15. A. a lotB. itC. itsD. itsB. orC. butD. howeverB. whereC. howD. whetherB. agoC. pastD. laterB. aboutC. onD. forB. will meetC. meetingD. meetB. otherC. othersD. the otherB. soC.suchD. evenB. harderC. hardD. hardestB. couldntC. cantD wouldntB. deathC. deadD. dyingB. clearerC. clearestD. clearlyB. anC. theD./B. whoseC. whichD. whomB. fewC. a littleD. some