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1、八年级英语下册Unit 7 复习一主要短语【Section A】1.形容词比较级和最高级:形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, far等.三者或三者以上使用最高级:the+最高级+ of /in短语One of+the+最高级+名词复数 “最的之一”如:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.the +序数词(second,third.)+最高级“第几.”The Yellow River is the second longest river in
2、 China.2.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事success n.成功,不可数 successful, adj.成功的, successfully, 成功地3.What s the population of +地点?Its . .地方的人口是多少?修饰population 用large /big 或者 smallpopulation前面有分数(three/fifths=3/5)或百分数修饰时,谓语动词用复数the population of China 中国的人口 4.one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一5.feel free to
3、 do sth. 随意地做某事 6.as far as I know 据我所知 7.as you can see 正如你所看见的,8.mountain climbing/ climbing mountains 登山运动 9.freezing weather conditions 极冷的天气状况10.higher than any other mountain 比其他任何一座山高 11.challenge oneself 挑战自我 12.run along 绵延,横亘 13.表达事物的长,宽,高,深?sth./sb.+be+数量+单位+形容词long, wide, tall, deep 如:Th
4、e river is 6300 kilometers long.问事物的高,深,宽,长? How high/ deep/tall/ wide/ long/ is .?问重量用 How heavy be+sth,/sb.?14.one of the worlds most dangerous sports 世界上最危险的运动之一15.one of the most popular places 最受欢迎的地方之一 16.risk sbs lfe to do sth.冒着某人生命危险做某事take risks/ a risk to do sth.冒风险去做17.in the face of dif
5、ficulties 面临困难18.take in air 呼吸空气 19.the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人20.achieve ones dream 实现某人的梦想= make ones dream come true 21.the forces of nature 自然界的力量 22.reach the top 到达顶峰 23.even though 虽然;尽管24.prepare to do sth.准备做某事prepare for sth.为做准备如: prepare for a testprepare sth.for sth/sb.为准备某物,2
6、5.force sb to do sth 强迫某人做谋事26.send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事27.give up doing sth.放弃做某事【Section B】1.at birth在出生时2.up to +数量词 达到 (某数量程度等);至多3.live up to +.years活到岁4.another 200 or so 还有大约200左右5.次数,倍数表示法: 一次,一倍 once 两次 twice 三次及三次以上 基数词 + times6.倍数表达法:A+谓语+倍数+adj./adv.(比较级)+than +B.Tom runs 3 times faster
7、than Jack.A+谓语+倍数+as+adj./adv.(原级)+as+B.Tom runs 3 times as fast as Jack.7.be awake 醒着的 awake是形容词,只作表语,不能作定语,类似的词还有afraid, asleep, alone, alive 等8.There be +sb.(sth.) +doing sth+地点.某处有某人或某物在做某事9.sb.spend + time/ money + on sth./ in doing sth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事sb.pay +money +for sth.某人为某物支付多少钱It takes sb +
8、 time+ to do sth.花费某人多长时间做sth + cost +sb +money 某物花费某人多少钱10.protect sb from保护免于的伤害如:protect children from catching a cold.保护孩子免于感冒11.be in dangerr=be dangerous 处在危险中 be out of danger脱离危险12.run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去13.walk into sb. 撞着某人 14.die from illness 死于疾病15.fall over 被绊倒 fall down 跌倒,倒塌 f
9、all off 从.上跌落16.take care of 照顾;照料 17.every two years 每两年 18.cut down the forests 砍伐森林19.endangered animals 濒危动物 20.fewer and fewer pandas 越来越少的大熊猫 21.the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性22.wild animals野生动物 sea life海洋生物 23.water pollution 水污染24.only live for a short time because of illn
10、esses由于疾病仅活很短的时间25.make more homes for the pandas为大熊猫建造更多的家园 26.stop putting rubbish into the sea停止往大海里丢垃圾 27.in the remaining forests在剩下的森林里28.another 30 pandas=30 more pandas 另外30只熊猫 29.do research 做研究30.a symbol of .的象征二单元语法形容词与副词的比较级和最高级比较级最高级的构成比较级用于两个人或物之间的比较,表示“较”或“更”,标志词“than”,通常用于两者之间的比较最高级
11、用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较规则变化1一般直接在词尾加er;est.tall-taller-the tallestgreat-greater-the greatest2以字母e结尾的直接加r;stnice-nicer-the nicestfine-finer-the finest3以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加er;est busy-busier-the busiest heavy-heavier-the heaviest4重读闭音节结尾的单音节词,若词尾只有一个辅音字母时,须双写这个辅音字母再加er;estbig-bigger-the biggest hot -hotter-
12、the hottest5少数以-y,-er,-ow, -ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er,和-est(以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为i,再加-er和-est;以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st)happyhappierhappiestclevercleverercleverest5多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more;mosteasily-more easily-most easilybeautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful特殊点:(1)有些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most,如glad,fond,shy,sly(但like只可
13、用more和most)eg.I am not more glad than you.我可没像你那样高兴Uncle Jack was more like a book of reference to my father.杰克大叔对我父亲来说真是一部参考书(2)有些单音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,如free,clear等eg. Im clearer/more clear about it than before.对这事,我比以前更清楚了(3)有些双音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,在当代英语中似有多用more和most的趋势,如:secure,cruel,pre
14、tty,lively等eg.She looks prettier/more pretty with long hair than with short hair.她留长发比留短发漂亮The patient seems a little livelier/more lively this morning.这位病人今天早上精神似乎好些了(4)分词形容词(过去分词,现在分词作形容词)的比较等级一律用more和mosteg.I felt more tired this morning.今天上午我感觉比较疲倦 Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比滑冰更激动人心
15、The report is most alarming.这个报告最为扰乱人心英语里有些形容词的比较等级的变化是不规则的good wellbetter bestbad illworse wosetmany muchmore mostlittle fewless leastfarfarther farthest或further futheetoldolder oldest 或elder eldestlatelater latest 或latter last(5) 形容词前可加less和least,表示“较不”和“最不”eg.Short sight is less common among the
16、young students in this country.近视在这个国家的青少年学生中较为少见The flaw in this stamp makes it less valuable.这张邮票因为有点瑕疵,不那么值钱Shes no less active than she used to be.她和以往一样活跃He has less strength than I have.他的力气比我小It is less cold than it was yesterday.天气没有昨天那样冷比较级表示法(1)“A+谓语+as+形容词原级+as+B”表示A和B同等程度eg.Im not as tal
17、l as he.我没有他高The march of events is as fast as we thought.事情的发展就如我们所料的那样快(2)“A+谓语+形容词比较级+than+B”表示A超过Beg.The first is better than the second.第一个比第二个好The doctors fees were higher than we expected.医生的酬金比我们预计的要高(3)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示B随着A的增长程度而平行增长,译为“越越”eg.The busier I am,the happier I feel.我越忙,越高兴The
18、lazier you are,the poorer you will be.你越懒,就越穷 The more careful you are,the less mistakes you would make. 你越仔细,出错越少The more problems you think about,the cleverer you will become.你考虑的问题越多,你就会越聪明(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”eg.As he got older,he became more and more fond of comfort.随着年龄的增长,他越来越喜欢安逸The summer
19、 is coming,it is getting hotter and hotter.夏天来了,天气越来越热Things are getting better and better.情况一天比一天好起来(5)A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+BA+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+BA+谓语+倍数+the size/height/length/weight of+Beg.There are now five times as many schools in our town as in 1979.我们城里的学校比1979年增加了4倍Asia is four times larger than
20、 Europe.亚洲比欧洲大3倍 This desk is twice the size of that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍大最高级表示法(1) 形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较, 其结构一般是“定冠词the+形容词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”eg. She is the tallest among her classmates.她在她同学之中是最高的He is the most honorable of men.他是品行最为高尚的人This book is the most difficult that I have ever read.这本书是我所读过的最难读的一本书(
21、2) 形容词的最高级也可以用“形容词的比较级+than+any other+单数名词”或“形容词的比较级+than+any of the other+名词的复数”来表示eg. That city is larger than any other city in that country.那座城市是该国最大的城市John is taller than any other boy in the class.约翰比班上其他的男生都高He is more experienced than any of the other teachers in our school.他是我们学校最有经验的老师(3)
22、形容词的最高级作表语,如果没有表示比较的范围或者说不与别的人或物进行比较,形容词的最高级前常常不加冠词eg.Pollution is most serious in this area.这个地区的污染最严重Vegetables are best when they are fresh.蔬菜新鲜的时候最好(4) 形容词的最高级前如果有物主代词,不再加定冠词eg.This is my best coat.这是我最好的大衣She is doubtless my best friend.她无疑是我最好的朋友 I sent you my best wishes on this happy occasion.在这快乐的时刻我向你致以最好的祝愿5