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1、稻阅读理解阅读理解之之推理判断题推理判断题考察目的：在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示做出合理的推测和符合文意的判断。高频考点：推测隐含含义，写作意图，观点态度低频考点：推断下段内容，文章出处，读者对象原则：合文意，合情理，不可过渡推断(1)What can we infer from the text?(2)What can be inferred from the last paragraph?(3)What is the authors main purpose in writing the text?(4)What is the purpose of th
2、is text?(5)Whats the authors attitude towards.?(6)Where does this passage probably come from?(7)Where can the text be found?(8)Which of the following can best describe.?(1)“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推断出结果。(2)选项中一般不可以出现表示绝对概念的词，如only,never,all和absolutely等;正确答案的表述一般会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词，如often,usually,sometim
3、es,some,may,might,can,could,possibly和probably等。1.事实复述：仅仅对原文事实简化陈述，而不是推断出来的2.背离主题，无中生有：选项背离了文章的主题思想3.过度推断：有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做出评论，而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并不意味着买不起4.以偏概全：一些选项仅对某一句话进行推断，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全错误 5.扩缩范围：改变或者去掉almost,all,nearly,more than,normally,usually这些词扩大或缩小文意。题型一：细节推理题设问方式It can be inferred fro
4、m the text that_.It can be concluded from the passage that_.The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that_.What can we infer about.?常见单词：infer，indicate，imply，suggest，conclude，assume24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A.He was fond of traveling.B.He enjoyed being alone.C
5、.He had an inquiring mind.D.He longed to be a doctor.(2023新课标I卷B)When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When h
6、e got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)?Which kinds of fish can eat
7、 cancer-causing chemicals?With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.(2023新高考I卷阅读B节选)The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First
8、,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosys
9、tem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A.To feed the animal
10、s.B.To build an ecosystem.C.To protect the plants.D.To test the eco-machine.题型二：观点态度题考察对人，事，物和内容的观点和态度肯定：肯定：positive 积极乐观的;optimistic乐观的;favorable 赞同的;approving赞成的;supportive支持的;reasonable 合理的enthusiastic 热情的 satisfied 满意的题型二：观点态度题考察对人，事，物和内容的观点和态度否定：否定：disapproving 不赞成的;critical 批评的;negative否定的,消极的
11、;dismissive轻视的doubtful/skeptical/suspicious怀疑的;pessimistic 悲观的 impractical 不切实际的radical 激进的 prejudiced 有偏见的disappointed 让人失望的题型二：观点态度题考察对人，事，物和内容的观点和态度中立：中立：objective 客观的;neutral中立的;unconcerned不关心的;indifferent 漠不关心的;uninterested不感兴趣的;unclear不清楚的ambiguous 模棱两可的题型二：观点态度题考察对人，事，物和内容的观点和态度修饰人的：修饰人的：pass
12、ionate 热情的 warm-hearted 热心肠的 considerate体贴的;demanding高要求的;generous慷慨的;persevering 坚韧的realiable 可靠的 capable 有能力的confident 自信的 humorous 幽默的题型二：观点态度题做题思路：1.明确是谁和对什么事的态度 作者？文中某人？2.明确表达观点的句子。think，believe，say,引号后面的句子3.明确表达态度的词汇。valuable，hopeful，helpful，well，good.worry,doubt,concerned,to be tested,not sur
13、e.典例(2023新课标I卷D)On March 7，1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the“wisdom of crowds”effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be qui
14、te accurate.Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.35.What is the authors attitude toward Navajasstudies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.31.What does the author thin
15、k of Weiners book?A.Objective and plain.B.Daring and ambitious.C.Serious and hard to follow.D.Humorous and straightforward.(2023全国甲卷阅读C节选)He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences,and he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into conversat
16、ion with some of the most important philosophers in history,and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读)their messages and adding his own interpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun,sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper
17、thoughts on desire，loneliness,and aging.The invitation is clear:Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book.I encourage you to take his offer.Its worth your time,even if time is something we dont have a lot of.题型三：写作意图题全文的写作意图段落/细节的写作意图紧扣文章主题主旨判断文章首尾段段落首尾句文体推断法议论文议论文说明文说明
18、文记叙文记叙文广告文广告文说明观点，提倡做法to prove/analyze/show/argue/persuade介绍事物或解释现象to introduce/explain/inform.讲故事,分享经历，表达情感，感悟或启示to tell a story/to share an experience/to entertain/to inspire推销产品，吸引顾客、游客to attract visitorsto sell a productto promote(推销).新闻报道新闻报道 to inform/report.题型三：写作意图题写作手法的目的开篇提问开篇提问讲述相关讲述相关之事之
19、事举例，引举例，引语或数据语或数据让读者关注主题，引出主题引出主题或者提供背景证明某一观点或说明某个主题题型三：写作意图题题型三：写作意图题 (2023浙江1月卷阅读C)A machine can now not only beat you at chess,it can also outperform you in debate.Last week,in a public debate in San Francisco，a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents,including Noa Ovadia
20、,Israels former national debating champion.Brilliant though it is,Project Debater has some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its ibrary of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out,ye
21、t they also point to a fundamental problem.题型三：写作意图题题型三：写作意图题 As KristianHammond,professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University,put it:“Theres never a stage at which the system knows what its talking about.”28.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia inthe first pa
22、ragraph?A.To explain the use of a software program.B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.(2023全国甲卷C)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosop
23、hers work in the context(背景)of one thing they can help us do better.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates苏格拉底，see like Thoreau梭罗，listen like Schopenhauer叔本华,and have no regrets like Nietzsche尼采.This,more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning
24、 to use philosophy to improve a life.29.Why does the author list great philosopher in para 4?A.To compare Weiner with them.B.To give examples of great works.C.To praise their writing skills.D.To help readers understand Weiners book题型四：写作手法题常见的写作手法时间顺序法(time order)空间顺序法(space order)列数据(listing data)举
25、例说明法(giving example)比较与对比法(comparison)下定义和分类法(definition and classification)概括总结（conclusion and summary）题型四：写作手法题10.What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs?A.Providing examples.B.Making a summary.C.Drawin comparisons.D.Explaining a concept.题型四：写作手法题 (2021八省联考节选)Two basic magic trick
26、s are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects.For example,the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups.The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour.Another favourite
27、 trick is to cut or burn something,and then make it appear whole again.What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.Then he“magically”makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示)another object that
28、 has not been cut or burned.题型五：文章出处，文章类别，读者对象看内容判断出处和类别所读文章有极强的时效性，有日期，地点或通讯社名字newspaper,news report新产品/新影片/演出介绍 advertisement文章中有网址或其他网络典型用语,如 click，mouse,link 等website旅游景点方面的介绍travel guide,brochure，journal题型五：文章出处，文章类别，读者对象看内容判断出处和类别时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍magazine,journal,entertainment section，amusement科普知
29、识/研究介绍science report,study report,research文化教育性的文章education section活动介绍notice,announcement题型五：文章出处，文章类别，读者对象题型五：文章出处，文章类别，读者对象 (2023新高考卷)Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object-the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The
30、 image of the reader appears throughout history,in art made long before books as we now know them cameinto being.In artists representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.In this“book of books”,artworks are selected and arranged in a way that e
31、mphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed(描绘)alone in many settings and poses-absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenesmay have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we.28.Where is the text most probably taken from?A.An introduction to a book.B.An essay on the art of writing,C.A guidebook to a museum.D.A review of modern paintings,