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1、GroundwaterV V1 Learning AZ All rights reserved.www.readinga-Focus Question:Why is groundwater important?Book SummaryText Type:Nonfiction/InformationalEvery living thing on Earth needs water.But if the citizens of the world do not plan ahead,there will not be enough water for everyone!Groundwater pr
2、ovides students a comprehensive look at why groundwater matters and how we can all do our part to make sure there is enough for years to come.An important topic and interesting graphics will keep students engaged.This lesson can be used to teach students how to determine the authors point of view as
3、 well as to summarize text.The book and lesson are also available for levels S and Y.Guiding the ReadingBefore ReadingBuild Background Placeontheboardphotographsofvariouslivingthings,such as people,animals,and plants.Ask students to work with a partner to think about what all of these living things
4、need to survive.Guide the class to the consensus that all living things need water to survive.Next,askstudentstovisualizeaworldinwhichthere is not enough water for all living things.Ask them to predict what would happen to those people,animals,and plants on the board.Invite volunteers to share their
5、 answers with the class.Introduce the Book GivestudentstheircopyofGroundwater.Guide them to the front and back covers and read the title.Have students discuss what they see on the covers.Encourage them to offer ideas as to what type of book it is(genre,text type,and so on)and what it might be about.
6、Show students the title page.Discuss the information on the page(title of book,authors name).Introduce the Reading Strategy:SummarizeExplain to students that engaged readers summarize,or create a brief overview,as they read.Ask students to preview the book,looking at photographs,captions,and other t
7、ext features.Explain to students that when readers summarize what they read it helps them remember information in the section or the book.Pointoutthatasummaryoftenanswersthequestions who,what,when,where,and why.Write these question words on the board.Have students work with a partner to read the sec
8、tion“What and Where is Groundwater?”(pages 5 and 6).Invite partners to share the who,what,when,where,and why of that section.Record this information on the board under the correct headings.Lesson EssentialsInstructional Focus Summarize to understand text Determine authors point of view Describe info
9、rmation provided by the table of contents Recognize and use comparative adjectives Identify and define homophonesMaterials Book:Groundwater(copy for each student)Summarize,comparative adjectives,homophones worksheets Discussion cards Book quiz Retelling rubricVocabularyBoldface vocabulary words also
10、 appear in a pre-made lesson for this title on VocabularyAZ.com.WordstoKnowStory critical:conservation(n.),crisis(n.),drought(n.),groundwater(n.),irrigate(v.),resource(n.)Enrichment:aquifers(n.),climate change(n.),depleted(adj.),monitor(v.),percolate(v.),United Nations(n.)Academicvocabulary:amount(n
11、.),beneath(prep.),conflict(n.),estimate(v.),expert(n.),predict(v.)GroundwaterV V2 Learning AZ All rights reserved.www.readinga-Introduce the Comprehension Skill:Authorspointofview Explaintostudentsthatwhenanauthorwritesabout a topic they often express their attitude and opinion about the subject.Thi
12、s is called the authors point of view.The authors point of view is often expressed through his or her purpose for writing:to inform,to persuade,or to entertain the reader.Pointoutthat,althoughanauthorspurposewhenwriting a nonfiction book is usually to inform,we can often infer how the author feels a
13、bout the topic from the details included in the book.Explaintostudentsthatastheyreadthebooktheywill be looking for details that reveal the authors point of view.VocabularyHave students turn to the“Words to Know”box on the copyright page.Discuss each word with students.Then,have students turn to the
14、glossary on page 16.Explain that the glossary provides definitions for the vocabularywordsinthebook.Pointtotheuseofeach content word and academic vocabulary word in the book,and then use each word in a different model sentence.Have students work in groups to create posters for these words.Include on
15、 each poster the word and its part of speech,the definition,the word in an example sentence,and a picture illustrating the meaning of the word.Set the Purpose Havestudentsreadtofindoutmoreaboutgroundwater.Write the Focus Question on the board.Invite students to look for evidence in the book to suppo
16、rt their answer.Havestudentsmakeasmallquestionmarkintheirbook beside any word they do not understand or cannot pronounce.These can be addressed in a future discussion.During ReadingText-Dependent QuestionsAs students read the book,monitor their understanding with the following questions.Encourage st
17、udents to support their answers by citing evidence from the book.How can a globe fool most people?(level 1)page 5 What is an aquifer and why is it important?(level 1)page 6 What is one cause for conflict in some farming areas?How does this impact you and me?(level 3)page 8 How can farmers work smart
18、er and conserve water?(level 2)pages 12-13 What uses the most water in your house?What uses the least?Why do you think that is?(level 3)page 14 What are different ways we can conserve water in our everyday lives?(level 2)multiple pages Why did the author write this book about groundwater?(level 3)mu
19、ltiple pagesText Features:TableofcontentsExplain that the table of contents is a list of the sections in a book.It can be used to find information quickly and is located at the front of the book.Have students turn to page 3 of the book.Ask students what they can expect to read about in this book.Hav
20、e students work with a partner to predict what information each section might contain.Ask students:How does the table of contents help you create a summary of the book?In which section might you learn about what groundwater is and why its important?On what page does this section begin?Which section
21、tells you more information about the future of groundwater?Continue to ask students about information from the table of contents and on which pages they will find the information.SkillReview Reviewhowtosummarizewithstudents.Havestudents turn to page 9 and reread the section“Water Fights.”Have studen
22、ts work with a partner to list the who,what,where,when,and why from the section.Then have students create a short oral summary using this information.Invite volunteers to share their summary with the class.Modelhowtocompletethesummarize worksheet.Reviewwithstudentsthatanauthorofanonfictionbook often
23、 expresses his or her point of view about a topic.Have students turn to page 15 and reread the page.Modelidentifyingtheauthorspointofview.Think-aloud:I know that an author includes details in his or her writing that reflect his or her beliefs or feelings about a topic.When I read,I look for details
24、that the author includes to make a point about the topic.For example,on page 15,the author writes:“Still,we can be smarter about how we use this resource,both now and far into the future.”This sentence tells me the authors point of view on current groundwater conservation efforts and what we should
25、do in the future.I will look for other phrases and key words throughout the story that will tell me the authors point of view.Havestudentsworkwithapartnertorereaddifferent sections of the book and look for examples of the authors point of view about groundwater.Invite partners to share their finding
26、s with the class.After ReadingAsk students what words,if any,they marked in their book.Use this opportunity to model how they can read these words using decoding strategies and context clues.Guiding the Reading(cont.)GroundwaterV V3 Learning AZ All rights reserved.www.readinga-SkillReviewGraphic Org
27、anizer:SummarizeReview the summarize worksheet that students completed.Have students share their work in groups.Invite volunteers to share with the rest of the class the details they chose and how they used those details to create a summary for the book.Comprehension ExtensionDiscussion cards coveri
28、ng comprehension skills and strategies not explicitly taught with the book are provided to be used for extension activities.Response to Focus QuestionHave students cite specific evidence from the book to answer the Focus Question.(Answers will vary.Sample:Groundwater is important because all living
29、things on Earth need water to survive.Since most of Earths water is saltwater and unusable,groundwater becomes even more important since it is freshwater and can be used for sustaining life.)Comprehension Checks Book quiz Retelling rubricBook Extension ActivitiesBuild SkillsGrammar and Mechanics:Com
30、parativeadjectives Revieworexplainthatanadjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun.Tell students that when most adjectives compare two nouns,those adjectives end in er.Adjectives that compare more than two nouns usually end in est.Longer adjectives usually use more and most to compare,su
31、ch as more beautiful or most beautiful.Writethefollowingsentenceontheboard:Taking shorter showers can help save water.Have students work together to determine which word is the comparative adjective and what two nouns it is comparing.Repeat with the sentence Wildfires spread the fastest when there i
32、s a drought.Check for understanding:Ask students to work with a partner to reread the book and circle six comparative adjectives.Then have students share the adjectives they found and which nouns those adjectives are comparing.Independent practice:Introduce,explain,and have students complete the com
33、parative adjectives worksheet.If time allows,discuss their answers.WordWork:Homophones Havestudentsturntopage8andrereadthesentence:In Northern California,for example,winemakers grow acres of grapes,which require large amounts of water.Write the word which on the board.Ask students to suggest a defin
34、ition for the word which.Writethewordwitch on the board.Ask students how this word is different than the word which (it is spelled differently and has a different meaning).Explain that two words that sound the same but are spelled differently and have different meanings are called homophones.Invite
35、volunteers to use each word in a complete sentence.Writethewordto on the board and invite a volunteer to use it in a complete sentence.Then have student turn to a partner and think of a homophone for the word to(too,two).Have students share their findings and use the new words in a complete sentence
36、.Check for understanding:Have students work in pairs to reread the book.Invite them to create a list of words that have accompanying homophones.Invite partners to share their findings with the class.Independent practice:Introduce,explain,and have students complete the homophones worksheet.If time allows,discuss their answers.Connections Seethebackofthebookforcross-curricularextension ideas.Guiding the Reading(cont.)