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1、初中英语动词时态归纳总结比照表名 称用法动词形式（以do为例）常用时间状语例句般 现 在 时L现在的状态2 .经常性或习 惯性的动作3 .主语具备的 性格或实力I/We/You/They do.He/She/It does.in the morning/afternoon/ morningevery day/morning/Sunday on Sunday always usually often sometimesl.She is twelve.2.1 get up at 6:30 every day.3.She likes swimming.般 过 去 时1 .过去某时发 生的动作或存 在
2、的状态2 过去经常或 反复发生的动 作I/We did.You did.He/She/It did.They did.yesterday(morning/afternoon) last night/Sunday in 1990 two days ago always usually often sometimes1.1 got up at 6:30 yesterday.2.He always went to work by bus last year.般 将 来 时1 .将来某时间 要发生的动或 存在的状态2 .将来经常或 反复发生的动作I shall do.Im going to do.We
3、/You/They/He/She/ It will do.We/You/They are goingto do.He/She/It is going todo.tomorrow(morning/afternoon/evening)next year/month/week1.1 will go to my home town next week.2.Ill come to see you every Sunday.3.Im going to swim tomorrow afternoon.现 在 进 行 时现在或当前一 段时间内正在 进行或发生的 动作Im doing.He/She/It is
4、doing.We/You/They are doing a nowl.She is watering the flowers.2 .Are they working now?3 .They are listening to the teacher.过 去 进 行 时过去某一时刻 或某一段正在 进行的动作I/He/She/It was doing a We/You/They were doing this time yesterday at ten oclock yesterday at that timewhen he came backl.We were reading in class t
5、his time yesterday2.1 was drawing a picture when the teachercame in.现在1.过去发生或 已经完成的某He/She/It has done.We/You/They havealready just before never for three yearsl.Ive already posted the letter.完成时一动作对现在 造成的影响或 结果2 .表示过去已 经起先并持续 到现在的动作 或状态done since 1990this morning these days2 .We have known each oth
6、er for ten years.3 .They lived here since 1997.4 .Have you ever been to Beijing?过 去 完 成 时过去某一时间 前已经发后的 动作或状态I/We/You/He/She/It had doneby the end of.when+一般过去时before+一般过去时1.1 had learned 2000 words by the end of last term.2.When I got out,the bus had already left.现 在 完 成 进 行 时现在以前的一 段时间里始终 进行的动作， 这个
7、运作可能 仍在进行，也 可能接着进行 下去I/We/You/They have been doing.He/She/It has been doing.,.since nine oclockfor five hours1.1 have been skating for five hours.2.She has been skating since nine oclock.初中英语时态专项练习1、 一般现在时。通常用 usually, often, every day, sometimes。一般现在时基本用法介绍一、一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blu
8、e.天空是蓝色的。2,表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day,我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球围着太阳转。二、一般现在时的构成：确定句：1),主语+系动词be(is, am, are )+名词(形容词，介词短语)2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它第三人称单数+动词-s+其它如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽宠爱汉语。三、一般现在时的变更否定句：1)主语 + be (is, am, are)
9、+ not + 其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。2)其他主语+do not (don, t)动词原形+其它I don，t like bread第三人称单数+does not (doesn, t)动词原形+其它 He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：DBe (Is, Are) +主语+其它？如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.2) Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+?留意： 遇 I/we一you, my一your, someany.Does she go t
10、o work by bike? 一 Yes, she does. / No, she doesn，t.Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don，t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?How does your father go to work?2、现在进行时。通常用“now/look/listen” .1 .现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在 进行的动作。2 .现在进行时的结构：确定句：主语+be (is, am, are ) +动词现在分词-ing
11、eg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is (not) eating.否定句：主语+be (is, am, are ) +not +动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句：Is (Are) +主语+动词现在分词-ing?特殊疑问：疑问词+ be +主语+动词ing?3 .动词加ing的变更规则1) 一般状况下，干脆加ing,如：cook-cooking2)以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing,如：make-making, taste-tasting3)假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末
12、尾的辅音字母，再加ing,如：run-running, stop-stopping, swimswimming3、 一般过去时态一般过去时通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last”等。1 . 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一 般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2 . Be动词在一般过去时中的变更：am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was notnwasn t) are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren, t)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变更和is,
13、 am, are 一样，即否定句在was或were 后加not, 一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3 .行为动词的一般过去时变更确定句(Positive)动词过去式I went shopping last night.否定句(Negative)didnt +动词原形I didnt go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did .+动词原形？Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-)What did.+动词原形？What did you do last night?4 .动词过去式的变更: 规则动词的变更：一般动词+
14、edplanted, wateredzclimbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+ iedstudystudied, cry- cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最终一个字母+edstop -stopped plan - planned不规则动词的变更:原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketook
15、readreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowknew5 .特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？
16、如：Who went to home yesterday?4、一般将来时概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、支配或打算做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语: tomorrow, next day (week, month, year*), soon, the day after tomorrow (后天)等。1 .基本结构：主语+be (is, am, are) going to +动词原形.主语+will+动词原形.2 .否定句：主语+be (is, am, are) +not +going to + 动词原形.主语+will +not(won t)+动词原形.例如：I m going t
17、o have a picnic this afternoon. f I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.3 .一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+going to +动词原形.+?Will+主语+动词原形+?例：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.f Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?Yes, we are.No,we aren, t.Will he go to Beijing next week?Yes, he will.No,
18、 he won t.4 .对划线部分提问。一般状况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种状况。1) .问人。Who 例如：I m going to New York soon. -Who, s going to New York soon.2) . 问干什么 o What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon, fWhat is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3) .问什么时候。When.例如：She s going to go to bed a
19、t nine, f When is she going to bed?5 .同义句： be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow (明天).=I will go swimming tomorrow.5.过去进行时：确定句：主语+助动词be (was, were) +动词现在分词-ing+其它否定句：主语+助动词be (was, were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它一般疑问句：Was (Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+was (were) +动词现在分词-i ng+其它？用法：1、表示在过
20、去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作(即与when, while引出的时间状语 从句连用)。例：They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening.昨晚 6 点他们正在谈论一 部电影。What were you doing at this time last week?上周的这个时候你在干什么？When the teacher came in, they were talking.老师进来时，他们在讲话。2、
21、表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。例：They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午 2 点至I3 点他们 在游泳。She was watching TV the whole morning.她整个上午在看电视。3、表示过去将要发生的动作。例：He said he was leaving on Tuesday.他说他周二动身。Tom said he was going tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天去。4、用过去进行时描写故事背景。例：It was getting dark. The wind was rising
22、.天渐渐黑了下来，风势增加了。The procession was going. He was standing among the crowd looking on. 队伍在前 进。他站在人群中观看。6-现在完成时构成：确定句：主语+助动词have (has) +动词过去分词-ed否定句：主语+助动词have (has) +not (haven t, hasn t)+动词过去分词-ed一般疑问句：Have (Has) +主语+动词过去分词-ed+?特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+主语+动词过去分词-ed+?用法：1、表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是状况仍有影响。常
23、被 just, already, yet 等副词修饰。Mr. Wang has just come back from America.王先生刚从美国回来。2 .现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作始终持续到现在，常带有for或since等表示一段 时间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.3 现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见终止性动词与持续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下：come / go / arrive / get / reach / movebe in/atopen be opendeadclose be c
24、losedbeborrow keepbuyhavebegin / startbe onend/finishbe overdiebebecomeput on wearleavebe away (from)fall asleep be asleepcatch a cold have a coldjoin the army be in the army, be a soldierjoin the Partybe in the Party , be a Party member例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this
25、 pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2023It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4 .在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days； over the past few years ： during the last three months; for the last few centuries, throug
26、h centuries; throughout history 等 5,表示“第几次做某事,”或在 aIt is the best (worst, most interesting ) + 名词 +that” 后面跟现在完成时。彳列：This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.6 . have / has been to +地点意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不
27、在该地，仅表示当事人的 一种阅历而已。have / has gone to +地点“到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到 达了某地尚不确定。如：He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。7 .现在完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时起先，持续或重复地出现至今，或将接着持续至将来。常与表示一 段时间的状语,如：for two hours, since early morning, these few days 等连用。构成：确定句：主语+助动词have (has)+been+动词现在分词-ing否定
28、句：主语+助动词have (has)+not+been+动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句：Have (Has) +主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ have (has) +主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+?例：It has been raining for three hours.We have been waiting here since an hour ago.How long has it been raining?雨下多久了？She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours.他已经在那坐了两个小时了。
29、We ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们常见面。He has been telephoning me several times in two days. 这两天他打好几次电话给我。留意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态 始终持续或始终反复出现。8 .过去完成时构成：确定句：主语+助动词had +动词过去分词-ed+其它否定句：主语+助动词had +not (hadn, t) +动词过去分词-ed+其它一般疑问句；Had+主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+?特殊疑问句：疑问词+
30、had +主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+?例：There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成或持续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，即“过去的过 去这一动作可以是始终持续到过去这一时刻或将接着下去。这个过去的时间常用by, before after,）等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表
31、示。 例：The train had left before she got to the station.在她到车站以前，火车已开走了。We had learned about 500 English words by the end of mine.至U上个月为止，我 们已经学了约500个英文单词。Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天 去世了，他曾是我的一位好友。2 用于以连词 when, as soon as, asas, before, after, until, now that 引导
32、的状语从 句中或一些宾语从句中以表示动作发生的时间早于主句所表示的动作，可表示缘由、动作先后等 关系。如：例：After I had finished my homework, I watched TV last night.（表时间先后）We took a taxi home, as the last bus already gone. 由于最终一班公车已开走， 所以，我们就乘出租车回家。（表缘由）He got to the airport and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket.他赶到机场时突然意识到他忘了带机票。3、用在一般过去时之后的间接引语中。He told me that he had been seen the film the day before.他跟我说他前一天看过那个电 影了。留意：过去完成时的句子中，终止性动词不能与一段时间连用，而状态动词的过去完成时必需和 一段时间连用。如：He had already died.他已经死了。He had been dead for an hour. 他已经死了一个小时了。