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1、人教版八年级上册英语语法知识点总结与练习Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?Period 1一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间 状语连用，如：just now, yesterday, last night, in 1990, 2 days ago 等。一般过去时特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词+助动词did+主语+动词原形+其他?如:Where did you buy this book?疑问词+be 动词（was/were） + 主语+其他？如：How was your last trip?当主语是第三人称单数以及第一
2、人称I时,be动词用was;当主语是第二人称以及 复数时，be动词用were。一般过去时一般疑问句的构成：助动词Did+主语+动词原形+其他？如：Did you go shopping with Linda yesterday?回答:Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didn t.如：Yes, I did. /No, I didn, t.Be 动词(Were/Was)+主语+其他？如：Was the river clean 10 years ago?回答:Yes,主语+was/were. /No,主语+wasn t/weren, t.如：Yes, it was. /No, it wasn *
3、 t.一般过去时陈述句的构成：肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他.如：I went to Hainan with my parents last summer vacation.主语+be 动词(was/were)+其他.如：I was in the library yesterday.否定句：主语+助动词didn t +动词原形+其他.如:呢didn t buy that gift at last.主语+be 动词(wasn t/weren, t)+其他.如：I wasnt in the library yesterday.【学以致用】(3)The students in Class 3 the
4、 park yesterday.昨天,三班的学生全都去了公园。(4)studying for the test.我们所有人都在为考试而学习。Period 31. My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.我妈妈告诉我，好朋友 就像一面镜子。like作动词时，意为“喜欢”；作介词时，意为“像”，如be like, look like;还 可以表示“例如”，用来列举同类的事物,相当于such as。(1)他喜欢什么?(2)他是个什么样的人？(包括外貌、性格)What ?(3)他长什么样？(指长相)What?(4)They sell many
5、kinds of fruit,(例如)oranges, bananas and apples.2. You don t need a lot of them as long as they, re good.不在多而贵在 好。as long as意为“只要”，后面接句子,这句子称作条件状语从句。如：We will go for a picnic as long as the weather is fine.只要天气好，我们 就去野餐。4. I don t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我并不十分在乎我的朋友
6、跟我一样或与我不同。 if有“是否”或“如果”的意思。根据以下句意，写出中文意思。(1) T don t know if() he wi 11 come. If () hecomes, I will tell you.在表示两者相同或不同时，可以用以下词组:be different from与不同；the same as 与一样；be similar to 与相似。(2) His lifestyle(与相似)that one.(3) They have(相同的)ending.(4) Their classroom(与样)ours. though是副词,意为“不过,然而”，常位于句末。thoug
7、h还可以作连词,相当 于allhough,意为“虽然，尽管“，引导让步状语从句，此时，不能与but连用。()(2)he is 90, he is still healthy.A. Though;butB. Though;/ C. /;although D. But;/Unit 4 What s the best movie theater?Period 11.形容词和副词最高级的变化规则(1)单音节利部分双音节词：一-般在词尾加pst。如：short以字母e结尾的词,在词尾直接加上ft。如:close重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加PSt。如:big以“辅音字母+y”
8、结尾的双音节词，先把y变i,再加pst。如:heavy一(2)多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前面加most。如： careful-most careful, loudly- creative-(3)不规则变化(见课本Pl 14): good /well一best bad /badly一worst many /much一most little一least far-farthest /furthest old-oldest /eldest注意：形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词Ihe,副词最高级前的the可省略。如：lhe best,the most beautiful, sing(the)most be
9、autifullyo2 . It has the most comfortable seats.它有最舒适的座位。You can sit the most comfortably.你可以坐得最舒服。(1)comfortable是形容词，意为“舒服的”，其副词为 , 副词最高级是。(2)seat在句中意为“座位”，是可数名词，常用短语:have /take a seat就座。 sit是动词，意为“坐”。Have a, please.请坐。May I here?我可以坐这里吗？Period 2注意以下形容词和副词最高级的用法：He is one of the tallest students in
10、 our school.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.Who sings(the) most beautifully of the three?Singapore is the cleanest city that 1 ve ever been to. 总结：one of + the +最高级+名词复数，表示“最之一”； (2)the +序数词+最高级，表示“第几”；形容词和副词的最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较,后面可用of/among短语 来说明比较的同类的数量或in短语来说明比较范围；(4)表示在已有的经验中“最
11、”，定语从句表示比较范围。3 .注意以下句型是用比较级表示最高级的含义：He s taller than anyone in our class.=He s taller than any other student in our class.二He s taller than the other students in our class.二He sin our class.总结:any olher+单数名词，the olher后面如果接可数名词要用复数。Period 31. Talent shows are getting more and more popular.才艺表演节目越来越受
12、欢迎。“比较级+and+比较级”，或umore and more+多音节词或部分双音节词原形”， 表示越来越 o 如：bigger and bigger 越来越大；more and wore beautiful 越来越美丽。(1) It is getting.天气变得越来越凉爽了。(2)The game is.这个游戏越来越有趣了。2. They give people a way to make their dreams come true.它们给人们提供 了一条实现梦想的道路。way和place, something等后常接不定式作后置定语,表示“的方法/地方/东西”。(l)Zhanjia
13、ng is a good place.湛江是个观光的好地方。(2)Reading aloud every day is the best way每天大声朗读是学英语最好的方法。(3)Would you like something?你想要喝点什么吗？Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?Period 11. I don t mind them.我不介意它们。mind (v.),意为(1) “ ，常用于疑问句、否定句中。它可单独使 用，也可接名词、代词或动名词(v.ing)。如：Would you mind(2) (play) soccer with m
14、e?2. She plans to watch Days of Our Past. =She makes a plan to watch Days ofOur Past.她计划观看我们过去的时光。plan to do sth.中plan是(词性)，意为“计划做某事”。plan 也可作(2) (词性)，plan to do sth.= (3)o我打算这个假期去北京旅游。I plan to go to Beijing this vacation.=1 (4)go to Beijing this vacation.3. ,but you can expect to learn a lot from
15、them.但你可以期望从中学到许多(知识)。expect (v.)意为“预料;期待”，常用短语expect to do sth.表示“期待做某 事”，相当于hope to do sth. ;expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事。(特别 注意：没有hope sb. to do sth.结构)I hope to be a teacher when I grow up.=1 a teacher when I grow up.4. 辨析:find out 与 findfind out指通过观察或探索而发现真相;iflj find强调找到的结果。(1) You shouldwhen
16、the last bus leaves.你应该查明最后一趟车离开的时间。(2) I am looking for the lost girl, but I can t her.我正在找那个丢失的女孩，但我没能找到她。Period21. What do you think of talk shows?你认为访谈节目怎么样？What do you think of？是询问别人对某事的看法。回答此类问题可以根据自 己的看法来作出评价。如:They re great!/I love them. /They* re just so- so.(不好不坏 /一般)/T don, t mind them. /
17、T can t stand them.(1)同义句：Whal do you think of game shows?()(2)-What do you think of soap operas?一. But my brotherlikes them.A. I like themB. I enjoy themC. I can, t stand themD. I don, t agree()(3) Luc5 can t the sweaters but she doesn, t theskirts.A. minds;standB. mi nds;standsC. mind;standsD. sta
18、nd;mind2. Do you want to watch the news?你想看新闻节目吗？What do you plan to watch tonight?你今晚打算看什么?What can you expect to learn from sitcoms?你期望能从情景喜剧中学到什么？ 以上黑体的部分称为动词不定式，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、 定语、状语等。它跟在动词后面作宾语，常接动词不定式作宾语的动词 有：want, hope, plan, expect, decide, agree, wish, help, choose 等。()(1) I am interes
19、ted in swimming. Do you want swimming withme?A. goB. goesC. to go D. going)(2)He hopeshisown bike.A. haveB. to haveC. hadD. has)(3)We allagreed_a schooltrip next Sunday.A. takeB. to takeC. tookD. takingPeriod31. But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon.但是在美 国文化中一个非常著名的象征是一部卡通片。fam
20、ous (adj.)意为“著名的”，近义词为well-known。常用搭配:be famous for以出名；be famous as作为出名。(l)Guilin its mountains and rivers.桂林以山水闻名。(2) Jackie Chan an action movie star.成龙作为一名动作电影明星而出名。2.辨析：for example 与 such asfor example作“例如”讲时,一般只以同类事物或人中的一个为例,一般放于句 首,后面以一个完整的句子举例，并用逗号隔开;作插入语时,用逗号隔开,置于句 中。such as也作“例如”讲，后面常接名词或名词
21、短语，不用逗号隔开。用来列举同 类人或事物中的几个例子，可与and so on(等等)搭配使用。(1)We have many good teachers. Guo Hao, is an excellent teacher.(2) I 1 ike doing sports,playing ping-pong and running.(3) I like fruit,apples, pears and so on.Unit 6 If m going to study computer science.Periodl3.1 m going to study computer science.我打算
22、学习计算机科学。以上句子使用了(1)时态,表示即将发生的事或最近打算进行的动 作，也表示说话者的意图、推测和打算，其结构为“主语+(2) + (3)(4) I visit Beijing next month.我打算下个月去北京参观。(5)you invite John to your party?你打算邀请 约翰参加你的聚会吗？2. TJ m going to keep on writing stories.我会继续写故事。表示“不停地做某事，keep的过去式为(2)o(3)She wants to.她想不停地唱歌。3. I川not sure about that.我对这事没有把握。意为“对
23、有把握;确信，与be sure of意思相同，后接 名词、代词或动名词。(2)Shethis English test.她对这次的英语小测有把握。4. Just make sure you try your best.你只要保证尽最大努力就行。(1)意为“尽某人最大的努力”，相当于, try的过去式为(3)o(4)Hefinish the work.他已尽最大的努力完成了这项工作。Period 21. be going to+动词原形“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事，其 中be动词的形式由句子主语来决定。一般将来时常与表示将来的 tomorrow,
24、 next week等时间状语或与when引导的时间状语从句连用。(1)肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+其他I basketball next Sunday.我打算下个星期天去打篮球。(2)否定句：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他Hehis brother tomorrow.他明天不打算去探望他哥哥。(3)一般疑问句:be动词+主语+going to +动词原形+其他？youa doctor in the future?将来你打算当医生吗？(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(what /how /when /where) + 一般疑问句(be动词+ 主语+goi
25、ng to +动词原形+其他)？henext week?他下个星期打算做什么？they?他们打算在这里待多久?2. I , m going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers. 我打算写文章并把它们寄给杂志社和报社。=意为“把某物寄给某人。send是及物动词，过去式为(3)o(4)Lily sent me a toy. = .莉莉寄给我一个玩 具。Period31. 辨析：be able to 与 can都表示“能够”，强调能力。be able to有时态、人称和数的变化，可用于各种 时态;can无人称和数的变
26、化,只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。用be able to / can的正确形式填空：(1)you help me with my math?(2)She work out the problems by herself every time.2. It s a kind of promise.它是一种承诺。 promise 可作名词,意为“诺言,常见短语:make a promise (promises) to sb., 意为“向某人许诺”；keep / break a promise则意为“遵守/违背诺言”。 promise也可作动词，意为“承诺，许诺”，常见表达:promise to
27、 do sth.,意 为“承诺做某事”。他向他父母承诺再也不玩电脑游戏了。Hehis parents that he wouldn* t play computer games anymore.3. Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby有些人可能 说他们要培养一种爱好take up有两层含义，既可意为“学着做,开始做，用take up doing sth.表示, 也表示“占用”。金开始学绘画有一段时间了，但很快又不感兴趣了。Kimfor a while, but soon lost interest.(2)这张桌子占了太
28、多空间。This desk too much room.Unit 7 Will people have robots?Period 11. Would you 1 ike to pass me a piece of paper?你可以递给我一张纸吗？ There is some paper on the desk.桌上有一些纸。由以上例句可知,paper是(可数/不可数)名词，“一张纸”译为。2. will引导的将来时态“will”代表一般将来时，引导表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 的句子。最基本的结构:will +动词原形。(1)肯定句：People will use money
29、 in 100 years.否定句：Peopleuse money in 100years.(3)一般疑问句：people use money in 100 years?肯定回答：/否定回答:.2. There be句型的一般将来时结构为There will be,表示“将会有，相当于 There is/are going to be。肯定句：There will be robots in our home.(2)否定句:robots in our home.(3)一般疑问句:robots in our home?肯定回答:/否定回答:.注意：there be句型中的be不能换成have /
30、has。单词填空1 .一Whatyou do last night?一I did my homework.Where you last night? I at home.2 .一Did you go to Beijing last week? -No, I.3 . your father a teacher 20 years ago? Yes, he was.4 . 一Where she(go) last month? She(go) toShanghai.5 .(be)they good at English when they were students?Period 21. Did yo
31、u go out with anyone?你和别人一起出去了吗？We all like to talk to someone interesting.我们都喜欢和有趣的人聊天。anyone为复合不定代词，意为“(1)”，常用于否定句或疑问句 中；someone同为复合不定代词，意为(2)，常用于肯定句。 拓展形容词要置于复合不定代词的后面。如：I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。2. 一Did you buy anything special? Yes,I bought something for my father.你买了什
32、么特别的东西吗？一一是的,我为我爸爸买了些东西。 something, anything 的用法：作主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 something常用于肯定句;anything常用于否定句和疑问句中。但在表示邀请,或希望得到对方肯定回答的问句中，常用somethingo(l)Does(anyone/someone)want a drink?(2) T wish to be friends with(anyone/someone)kind and helpful.3. more, fewer 和 less 的用法(预习2a & 2b,完成练习并总结用法。)(1)There will
33、be(few) people and(little) water in 100 years.(2)There will be(many) cars and(much) pollution in the future.(3) fewer译为“ ，是的比较级，修饰 (可数/不可数)名词。(4) less译为“，是 的比较级，修饰 (可数/不可数)名词。(5) more译为“ ，是 或 的比较级，修饰可数和不可数名词。Period 21. Everything is 0K. 一切都很好。There is something wrong with my watch.我的手表出问题了。从以上例子可知，复
34、合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用(1) (单数/复数)形式。此外，复合不定代词被形容词修饰时，放在 形容词(前面/后面)。()(3)There isin the newspaper.A.something interestingB. interesting somethingC.anything interestingD. interesting anything()(4)Everyone the girl in our class because she is really kindand nice.A. likeB. likesC. likingD. liked2.辨析：few, a few
35、, little 与 a little用法意思备注a few修饰（D （可数/不可数）名词复数形式一点儿,几个表示肯定含义a little修饰不可数名词few修饰可数名词复数形式little修饰（2）（可数/不可数）名词表示肯定含义选用 few, a few, little, a little 填空。(4)Do you want to drink water? There is left in my glass.(5)Kate is new here, so she has friends.(6)Please hurry up. There is time left.(7) 1 have pe
36、n pals in other countries and I often write tothem.(8)There are books left. We can, t lend you any one.Period 31 . However, they agree it may take hundreds of years.然而，他们一致认为这 可能要花费数百年的时间。hundreds of表示不确切的数目，意为“数百，好几百，成百上千的”。同类型的 短语还有thousands of (数千，成千上万的)，millions of (数百万)等，前面不可 加数字。若要表示确切的数目，则需用“
37、(1) + hundred / thousand / million” 表示，如 three hundred 三百，six thousand 六千。(2)上千名学生参加了这次考试，但只有两百人通过了。students took the exam, but onlystudents passed it.2 .辨析：be able to 与 canbe able to可用于任何时态;can只能用于现在时，过去时用could表示。(1)她现在会开车。Shedrive a car now.他十岁时能弹钢琴。Heplay the piano when he was ten.（3）在未来，计算机会通过看你
38、的眼睛记住你。In the future, computers to remember you by looking at youreyes.Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?Period 11. Turn on the light. It is so dark here. But remember to turn it off when you leave. Don, t turn up the radio. It is really noisy. You should turn it down.总结:turn on意为（1） “；多指打开
39、水、煤气及电视、冰箱、录 音机、电风扇等。若其后所接的宾语为名词，既可放在turn on中间，也可放在其 后;若宾语为（2）（填词性），则只能放在turn和on之间。其反义词 组为（3）O拓展:调高（声音）（4），调低（声音）（5）o2. First, ,Next, ,Then, ,After that, ,Finally, 以上单词用于向别人讲述事情的先后顺序，意为a”O（2）finally =/ 。（）（3）, peel some bananas. Then cut them up and put them intothe blender. A. Finally B. First C. N
40、ext D. Last3. ,and cook for another ten minutes.然后再煮 10 分钟。another ten minutes 意为（1） “，其同义词组为 ten more minuteso其结构为:anolher+数字+物品=(2),意为“另外的”。 你还需要十分钟吗？Do you need another ten minutes?=Do you need (3)?4. Finally, don, t forget to add some salt.最后，别忘记加盐。forget(v.)意为(1)“ ，“忘记去做某事”为。() Don t forgetthe
41、door when you leave the room.A. closesB. closeC. closed D. to closePeriod 2可数名词和不可数名词观察以下例子，总结规律：an apple / a bottle of apple juice;three eggs / three pieces of bread1 .(1)可数名词是表示计数的事物名词。它有、形式之分，而且可以直接用不定冠词 /或具体的 ,如one, two, three等修饰。(2)不可数名词是表示 计数的事物名词。它没有形式，但有量的变化，并且不能使用或 直接修饰,如要表示确切的数量，要用“数词+可数名词
42、+of+不 可数名词”结构。2 .有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，如chicken, orange, glass等，但 意义有所不同。如：Two glasses of (orange) are made out of six (orange).3 . some, many, a few, few, a lot of, lots of 等词语可修饰可数名 词；some, much, little, a 1 ittle, a lot of, lots of 等词语可修饰不可数名词。 在以上这些词语中 等词语既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。对可数名词的数量提问时用(1);对不可数名词的量
43、提问时用 (2)，但对不可数名词前表示数量的名词修饰语提问要 (3) o (4) water is there in the bottle?一Only a little. (5)pictures can you see on the wall?一Three.(6)一cups of tea are there on the table?Four cups.Period 31. Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.接下来，用这种面包混合物填满 火鸡。fillwith意为“用装满/填满”，主语通常是人。(l)The boythe bottle sand
44、.小男孩用沙把瓶子填满。被动形式为 be filled with,意为“充满了，be filled with=be full of。(2) The bottle water.=The bottle water.这个瓶子里充满了水。2. ,place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.把火鸡放到一个大盘子里,浇上肉汁。coverwith意为用覆盖”。(l)Pleasethe tablea cloth.请在桌子上铺上桌布。被动形式为be covered with,意为“被所覆盖”。(2) The roadsnow.道路被大雪覆盖
45、Unit 9 Can you come to my party?Period 11. My mother prepared a nice breakfast for us.=My mother prepared us a nice breakfast.妈妈给我们准备了可口的早餐。(1) “给某人准备某物”=(2)The host prepared the guests lots of food at the party.二The host lots of food the guests at the party.主人在宴会上为客人们准备了许多食物。2.1 m sorry. If m not a
46、vailable.真抱歉，我没有空。available意为“有空的，不忙的”，相当于free, have time,其后还可以用to do 引出具体的事情。I m afraid I m not available with the school show onMonday.我怕是没空来帮忙准备星期一的演出了。3. Sam isn, t leaving until next Wednesday.萨姆要一直待到下周三才离开。 until可作介词和连词，意为“到时”；用于否定句中，not-until可译为 “直到才。(l)He will be working 5 o clock.他将一直工作到 5 点钟。(2)She go to bed eleven last night.昨晚直到11点钟她才睡觉。Period 21. They invited her to go for a walk.他们邀请她去散步。“邀请某人做某事”是 o invite的名词形式是 or d like to our new house.我想邀请你参观我们的新房 子。2. I / We / You / She / He / It / They