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1、课时10 .八年级下册 Units 12学习目标：1 .单词背默2.词汇拓展3.短语背默4.句型背默5.高频考点突破6.高频话题写作指导单 词 背 默1 .问题；事情(n.)2 .咽喉；喉咙(n.)3 .发烧(n.)4 .放松；休息(v.&n.)5 .咳嗽(v.&n.)6 .间歇；休息(n.)7 .乘客；旅客(n.)8 .离开(某处)；不工作；从去掉 (adv.&prep.)9 . 向； 朝(prep.)10 .问题；苦情(n.)11 .膝；膝盖(n.)12 .登山者；攀登者(n.)13 .危险；风险；冒险(v.&n.)14 .情况；状况(n.)15 .岩石(n.)16 .血(n.)17 .限
2、制；约束；管理(v.&n.)18 .勇气；意志(n.)19 .护士(n.)20 .义务做；自愿做(v.)志愿者(n.)21 .标志；信号(n.)22 .通知；通告；注意(n.)注意到；意识到(v.)23 .几个；数个；一些(pron.)24 .高兴；愉快(n.)25 .(尤指长途)旅行；行程(n.)26 .募集；征集(v.)27 .破损的；残损的(adj.)28 .车轮；轮子(n.)29 .信；函(n.)30 .丧失能力的；有残疾的(adj.)31 .瞎的；失明的(adj.)32 .聋的(adj.)33 .拿；提；扛(v.)34 .变化；改变(v.&n.)l.stomach(n.)W ；腹部一
3、(复数)一(n.)胃痛；腹痛2.foot(n.)脚；足一(复数)3.1 ie(V.)躺；平躺-(过去式)一(过去分词)一(现在分词)4. tooth(n.)牙齿一(复数)一(n.)牙疼5. head(n.)头一(n.)头痛6. hurt(v.)(使)疼痛；受伤一(过去式/过去分词)7. hit(v.)(用手或器具)击；打一(过去式/过去分词)一(现在分词) 词 8. sick(adj.)生病的；有病的一(n.)疾病；生病 汇 9. breath(n.)呼吸；气息一(v.)呼吸拓 10. climb(v.)登山；攀登一(n.)登山者；攀登者展 11.knife(n.)刀一(复数)12. mean
4、(v.)意思是；打算；意欲一(过去式/过去分词)响、年龄的增长等，电视、电脑和阅读也会对视力有影响。选项A、C、D文中都有提及。 故选Bo2. What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer?A. Eat healthy foods.B Clean the eyes by using cold water.C. Wear a pair of sunglasses.D. Have a rest after working for a while.【答案】D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If you work in f
5、ront of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while.”可知I,如果你在电脑前工作，最好每隔一段时间 休息一下。故选D。3. If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?(=Para. 1 (2)=Para. 2 (3)= Para. 3 = Para. 4 = Para.5)A.;B.;C.；D.；【答案】D推理判断题。第一段总的介绍眼睛护理应该放在第一位。第二、三、四段分别 介绍了视力下降的原因及保
6、护眼睛的方法。第五段进行总结。因此本文是总分总的结构。故 选D。4. Which is the best title of the passage?A . Ways of Eye CareB Ways of Eye ExercisesC. Ways of Being HappyD . Ways of Being Healthy【答案】A 标题判断题。全文介绍了眼睛保健的自然方式，帮助我们保持眼睛健康，所以 标题应是“眼部护理方法九故选A。四.任务型阅读My two little daughters and I usually go out and help others on Thankful
7、 Thursday. Last Thursday we were going to buy lunch for the beggars in the street. Then we went to the nearest McDonalds.I ordered 15 lunches from it and drove my car to hand them out.We gave the lunches to the beggars. They were excited. We were happy to see that.Then we noticed a small, old woman,
8、 asking for pocket money. We gave her our last lunch bag. Before we got into the car, she started to speak to us, “No one has ever done anything like this for me before, “ she said with a smile. Well, Im glad that we were the first, “ I answered, So, when will you eat your lunch? I asked.She just lo
9、oked at me with her big, tired brown eyes and said, “Oh, dear, Im not going to eat this lunch. You see, I have a little girl of my own. I seldom buy her favorite food, but today she will be so happy! ”I didnt know if the kids noticed the tears in my eyes. I have asked myself many times whether our a
10、ctions of kindness were too small to change anything. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of words: We cannot do great things一only small things with great love.1. Do the writer and her two little daughters usually go out and help others on Thankful Thursday?【答案】Yes./Yes, they do.2. How many lun
11、ches did the writer order?【答案】15./Fifteen./The writer ordered 15 lunches.3. Whom was the old woman going to give the lunch to?【答案】Her （little） daughter./She was going to give the lunch to her （little） daughter.4. Do you think it is necessary for us to give food or money to the beggars? Why or why no
12、t?【答案】 Yes, I think so. Because the beggars need peoples help and we can try our best to make them feel the warmth./No, I dont think so. Because we don*t know whether the beggars are poor or not.五.短文填空I am a Canadian. My family moved to Australia when I was 6 years old. We are lucky to be 1 to trave
13、l to Canada to visit our relatives each year. We often make this trip during winter months.In Canada, the winter is very cold, and every person in this _2 must have a warm jacket to get through the cold season. At the end of each visit, before our flight flies back to Australia, we have a tradition
14、of walking through the streets with some winter coats, scarves, gloves and hats in 3 hands to look for someone in need of warm clothes. After all, we wont need them after we return to Australia. We have kept doing this for more _4_ 20 years since we moved there.During our last trip, as we _5 through
15、 the cold streets, we saw an old woman shivering （发抖）in a small coat, and _6 for money and food. We felt quite sad at that time. Finally we gave her 20 dollars. Then, I took my husbands coat, wrapped （裹）it around her, _7_ gave her a big warm hug. Tears ran down both our faces.I hope our small acts o
16、f kindness will help the old woman during this _8 time on her life journey （旅程）. Ill never forget her.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了生活在澳大利亚的一家人每年冬天回加 拿大探亲，在离开加拿大之前总是把温暖的衣物送给需要的人。20年来他们一直坚持这么做，努力让更多的人感受到温暖与爱。1. 案】1. able句意：我们很幸运每年能够旅行去加拿大看望亲戚。be able to 能够做某 事”,为固定搭配。故填able。2. country句意：加拿大的冬天非常寒冷，这个国家的人必须有温暖
17、的外套才能度过这个 寒冷的季节。结合句意可知，此处应指加拿大这个国家。故填country。3. our此处指我们手里拿着一些冬天的外套、围巾、手套和帽子走在街道上，此句主语为 we,再结合下文可知，此处表示“我们的手里，所以用we的形容词性物主代词。故填our。4. than句意：自从我们搬到那里，我们已经这样做了二十多年了。根据句意可知此处意 为超过”,more than,为固定搭配。故填than。5. walked句意：在我们的上一次旅行中，当我们走在大街上时，我们看见一个老妇人穿 着一件小外套正在发抖。根据句意可知，此处指“走在”大街上。故填walked。6. begging此处指我们看
18、到一位老妇人穿着一件小外套瑟瑟发抖，在乞讨钱和食物。根据 语境可知此处与shivering并列作saw的宾补，故填beggingo7. and句意：然后我拿着我丈夫的外套，裹在她身上，并且给了她一个大大的温暖的拥抱。 分析语境可知此处缺少连词，表示并列，故填and。8. hard句意：在她的生命旅程的艰难时期，我希望我们小小的善举能帮助这位老妇人。 根据语境可知此处表示艰难的时光，故填hard。六.书面表达越来越多的汽车进入了我们的家庭，改善了我们的生活，但同时也带来了很多问题，如 堵车和车祸，给家庭和社会带来极大危害。作为中学生，我们应该怎样做呢？请写一篇有 关交通安全的短文。1 .要点：1
19、）遵守交通规则，如走人行道/过斑马线。2）别在街道或马路上玩耍和踢球。3）劝父母不能酒后驾车。2 .要求：1）文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；2）词数80左右。参考词汇：sidewalk人行道zebra-crossing斑马线注：第一句已给出，不计入总词数。With more and more cars coming into our families, we are happy that it has greatly improved our life.【答案】With more and more cars coming into our families, we are happy tha
20、t it has greatly improved our life. But unluckily, it has also brought many problems, such as heavy traffic and traffic accidents.Traffic safety is everybodys business. We must obey the rules. For example, we must walk on sidewalk, when we cross zebra-crossing, stop, look right and left, and then go
21、 across fast. Dont play football on the road. We can tell our parents not to drink before they drive, not to run through red lights, not to talk and laugh while driving.We can say cars are coming into our life, but only when everybody thinks traffic safety is everybodys business can we be safely dri
22、ving on roads and walking on sidewalks.13.1 mportant(adj.)重要的一(n.)重要性一(adj.)不重要的14. decide.)决定；抉择一 (n.)决定;抉择15. die(v.)死亡一(n.)死；死亡一(adj.)死的；失去生命的一(adj.)垂死的16.cheer(v.)欢呼；喝彩(adj.)快乐的；愉快的17.strong(adj.)强烈的；强壮的(比较级)(最高级)18.satisfy)(使)满意一(adj.)满意的；满足的一(n.)满意；满足19. imagine.)想象；设想一(n.)想象力20. difficult(adj
23、.)困难的一(n.)困难；难题21. carry(v.)拿；提；扛一(过去式/过去分词)22. train(v.)训练；培训一(n.)训练；培训一(n.)训练员23. kind(adj.)善良的；仁慈的(n.)善良；仁慈24. clever(adj.)聪明的；聪颖的一(比较级)一(最高级)25. under stand (v.)理解；领会一(过去式/过去分词)26. repair.)修理；修补一(近义词)修理；安装短语背默1 .感冒/胃痛/发烧2 .躺下3 .量体温4 .休息5 .下车6 .使惊讶的；出乎意料7 .立即；马上8 . 陷入；参与9 .习惯于；适应于一曾经；过去10 .冒险11 .
24、用尽；耗尽12 .切除13 .离开；从出来14 .掌管；管理15 .放弃16 .打扫(或清除)干净17 .(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来18 .分发；散发19 .想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)20 .推迟21 . 分发22 .打电话给(某人)；征召23 .照顾；非常喜欢24 .参加选拔；试用25 .修理；装饰26 .赠送；捐赠27 .(外貌或行为)像28 .建起；设立29 .影响；有作用1.一 thewith you? 你怎么了？I have a stomachache.我胃痛。2.she do?她应该怎么做?3. 一 I put some medicine on it?我应该放些药在上面吗？一
25、Yes, you. /No, you.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。4. Filclean up the city parks.我将帮忙打扫城市公园。5. She volunteers there once a week kids learn to read.她每周在那里志愿服务一次，帮助孩子们学习阅读。【答案】一.重点单词1. matter 2.throat 3.fever 4.rest 5.cough 6.break7. passenger 8.off 9.onto lO.trouble 1 l.knee12 . climber 13.risk 14.situation 15.rock 1
26、6.bloodl7 . control 18.spirit 19.nurse 20.volunteer21 . sign22.notice23.several24 .joy 25 journey 26.raise 27.broken 28.wheel29.1etter30. disabled 31.blind 32.deaf 33.carry 34.change二.词形百变1 . stomachs stomachache 2.feet3.laylain lying4. teethtoothache 5.headache6.hurt?. hit hitting 8.sickness 9,brea
27、the lO.climberl 1. knives 12.meant 13.importance unimportant 14 . decision15.deathdeaddying 16.cheerfull7 . stronger strongest18.satisfiedsatisfaction 19 . imagination2O.difficulty 21.carried22 . training trainer23.kindness24. cleverer cleverest 25.understood 26.fix 三.核心短语1 . have a cold/stomachache
28、/fever2.lie down3. take ones temperature 4.take breaks/abreak5. get off 6.to one*s surprise 7.right away 8.get into9. be used to used to 10.take risks/a riskll. run out (of) 12.cut off 13.get out ofl4. be in control of 15.give up 16.clean upl7. cheer up 18.give out e up with20. put off 21.hand out 2
29、2.call up 23.care for24. try out 25.fix up 26.give away 27.take after28. set up 29.make a difference 四.核心句型1. Whats matter 2.What should3. Should should shouldnt 4.help to 5.to helpA高频考点突破考点 1 Whats the matter with Judy?朱迪怎么 了 ？(1)询问病情常用语(2)自述病情常用语have/get a+病症名词,表示“患了病如:have acold/fever/headache 感冒
30、/发烧/头痛，但 have (the) flu “得 了流感例外。have a+sore+部位，表示痛。如：have a sore back/throat 背痛/喉咙痛。(Theres) something wrong with+ones + 部位。身体部位+ hurtohave a pain in/on the + 身体部位。考点2Bus NO. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road.26路公交车在中华路撞了一位老人。hit用手或器具击打，侧重“击中”。beat用手或器具“连续、反复击打”，侧重“有目的的重 击“。心脏跳动；打鼓；打拍子。打败（某人）。考点3A
31、ron is used to taking risks.艾伦习惯于冒险。used to do sth.过去常常做某事 （现在不做了）be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于（做）某事be used to do sth. / be used for doing sth.被用来做某事考点 4This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.这意味着 处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中。mean doing sth.意味着做某事，其主语通常是 表示事物的词。/ mean to d
32、o sth. 打算/计划做某事, 其主语通常二）是表示人的名词或代词。mean后接that从句,意为”表示mean 的名词形式为 meaning,意为“意思；意义Whats the meaning of.? =What do/does .mean?考点51 want to travel alone.我想独自去旅行。lonely形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，带有浓厚的感 情色彩，表示一种忧郁的感情；也可意为“偏僻 的”。alone作形容词时，意为“单独的，独自的”，表示无人 陪伴，只陈述一个客观事实，不带感情色彩，在 句中只作表语。作副词时，意为“独自，单独”,相当于 by one- self
33、,常在句中作方式状语。考点 6so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me所以，像接电话、开关门、提东西等这些事情对我来说就很困难。carry搬动tJoe cant carry this big box. 乔搬不动这个大箱子。bring带来一I3ring me some coffee. please. 请给我拿些咖啡来。take带走一Take these books to my office. 把这些书拿到我的办公
34、室去。get,4去取一Slie has gone to get milk. 她去取牛奶了。随堂练习1. I got out of trouble because of your(kind).2. In many western countries, people usually eat with(knife) and forks.3. You should depend on yourself. Its you who make the final(decide).4. President Xi Jinping attended the Boao Forum for Asia Annual C
35、onference which is one of (important) international conferences in 2018.5. . We are sorry to hear that you are not(satisfy) with your new car.6. On weekends, I usually 1 down in bed.L a small radio by my side and listento some soft music. At the relaxing moment, I willl to myself that I am 1 onsoft
36、cloud.【答案】1. kindness 2.knives 3.decision 4.the most important5. satisfied 6.lie; Lay; lie; lying随堂精练一.单项选择1. My father has made a that he will buy a camera for me.A. suggestionB. secretC. problemD. decision【答案】D句意：爸爸已经决定他会给我买一架相机。make a decision意为“作出决定”。故选Do2. . 一Who taughtJapanese?Nobody. We learn
37、ed it by.A. your; myselfB. you; usC. you; ourselvesD. your; ourselves【答案】C问句谓语动词为taught,宾语应为人称代词宾格you；答语主语为we, by的宾 语与主语同指，用反身代词。urselves。故选C。3. He always goes to school because he doesnt have any friends at school.A. madB. lonelyC. aloneD. simply【答案】C句意：因为没有朋友，所以他总是独自一人去上学。alone表示“独自”。故选C。4. 一Its m
38、y turn to give a presentation. I feel so upset.一Just. I bet youre the best.A give it upB. go awayC. take it easyD. have no idea【答案】C句意：轮到我去做报告了。我很紧张。放轻松。我打赌你是最棒的。give it up 放弃;go away“走开”;take it easy 放松”；have no idea。故选 C。5. . 一How is your grandma?一Shes fine. She used to TV at home after supper. Bu
39、t now she is used to outfor a walk.A. watch; goB. watching; goC. watching; goingD. watch; going【答案】D 前句中used to do意为“过去常常做某事”;后句中be used to doing sth.意为“习 惯于做某事，故选D。6. We are so glad to see science is developing in this century than it did before.A. earlierB furtherC. more quicklyD. more slowly【答案】C
40、由后面的than可知此处用比较级，结合语意可知选C。7. our time to help unlucky people a good way to spend our time.A. Volunteer; isB. Volunteers; areC. Volunteering; areD. Volunteering; is【答案】D 第一空为动名词短语作主语，陈述一个事实；动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词 用单数。故选D。8. Many traffic accidents happened and quite a lot of flights had to be just because oft
41、he terrible weather.A. put upB. put offC. put onD. put away【答案】B前面有主语为“航班。后面有“坏天气”，联系两者关系可断定“航班因恶劣天气 被推迟”。故选B。9. After his parents*, he gave up at school.A. died; to learnB. death; learningC. death; to learnD. died; learning【答案】B前面空格前有名词所有格，可断定填名词；后面空格前有give up,可断定填动 名词。故选Bo10. The Belt and Road （一带
42、一路）will serve tomarkets for China and other countriesalong.A. open upB. put upC. make upD. look up【答案】A用open up 开放；打开”和markets构成动宾短语、符合句意“开拓市场”。故选 Ao二.完形填空One Sunday afternoon, I was _1 alone at home. I was doing my homework. Suddenly, the doorbell rang. I thought it was my parents, so I opened the
43、door quickly.A tall man stood outside and asked politely _2_ my parents were at home.Without thinking, I said, No. When I wanted to close the door, he suddenly pulled the door very hard and came into my house. He took out a rope （绳索）to tie up my hands. Then he _3 me to the kitchen.Quickly, he went t
44、o the bedroom to look for _4_ for him. I tried to find a _5 to cut the rope. But its hard to cut it off. Just then I heard someone speaking and there were steps upstairs. So I went to the door quietly and knocked at the door loudly with my foot. 6_? ” asked the man outside. I still knocked at the do
45、or loudly. Then I heard him 7 my father and 110. At that time, the thief came out of the bedroom and bullied （恐吓）me. I pretended to be afraid and said nothing.Soon the police came and my father came home, too. The thief _8 and I was not hurt badly. I knew it was my fault. I should stop the _9 from g
46、oing into the door. I learned a new 10 rule.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了某天自己被单独留在家里时，家里来了贼, 自己急中生智报警捉贼的故事。1. A.putB. missedC. leftD. stayed【答案】C 根据语境“the doorbell rang. I thought it was my parents”可知，作者的父母不在家， 自己被单独留在家里了。故选C。2. A.whatB. ifC. whenD. why【答案】B句意：那人站在门外有礼貌地问我的父母是否在家。故选B。3. A.gaveB. putC. tookD.
47、pushed【答案】D句意：然后他把我推到厨房。故选D。4. A.something importantB. important somethingC. anything importantD. important anything【答案】A 形容词修饰不定代词，形容词要后置。something用于肯定句，anything用于否 定或疑问句。故选A。5. A.stoneB. ropeC. knifeD. chopstick【答案】C根据语境可知，“我”设法找一把小刀割断绳子。故选C。6. A.What are you doingB I can do something for youC. Whats wrong with youD. Dont knock at the door loud