《【中考英语 高频考点】01 构词法（原卷版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【中考英语 高频考点】01 构词法（原卷版）.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、01构词法小贴土：对于学英语来说，词汇无疑是第一关。面对教材中大量的英语词汇和做题时题目中出现的新词汇，我们常常显得无所适从，苦于记忆单词效率低，遗忘速度快。而构词法，则是开 启英语词汇大门的钥匙。构词法的学习，更重要的在于运用。英语的构词法主要有：转化法，合成法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法等，我们重点掌握三种构词法：合成法、转化法与派生法。个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性，而词形不变，单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。water v.浇水n.水转化法）目动词 一名词O/watch v.观看n.手表open （adj.开着的）open（ v,开）I 词动词dean（adj.
2、;耨的）dean（v.打扫）slow（ adj.慢的）slow （v.放慢）由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词O名词/代词+名词。newspaper动词+名词0 daybreak形容词+名词 o highway副词十名词outside名词+v.ing/v.ing + 名词 0 handwriting11名词+形容词/形容词+名词O world-famous名词+过去分词 o man-made名词+现在分词O English-speaking。形容词+现在分词 o good-looking合成形容词O 副词+现在分词o hardworking0 形容词+名词+ed o warm-hear
3、ted数词+名词+ede three-legged数词+名词O five-starII形容词+名词meanwhile形容词+副词23副词+副词介词+名词4介词+副词5e howevereverywherebeforehandforever表示重新，再， 用在动词前reconsider重新考虑rebuild重新建造recycle 再循环；review复习是通过在同根上 上加前缀或者后缀 G 构成一个新词 定义 encourage鼓励 en使，international国际的 e inter-相互”automatic 自动的，automobileauto自动的汽车antiwar反战的；anti-a
4、ntifreeze反对，抵抗防懒multicultural 多种文化的multi-0_多”bicycle 自行车； bilingual 双语的。bi-双，二overwork过度工作over-overdo太多，过分做得过分self-centered自我中心的；irlself- 自己，本身self-confident 自信的underline地铁，under-在卜面,下的，不足的 underestimate 低估构词法仁派生法之常考前缀M 他 意 义 的 前 缀表示意义相反，主要用在动词. 名词或形容词前dislike,不喜欢disadvantage (n.) 不利条件，缺点disbelieve
5、不相信discover 发现用在形容词前， 表示否定意义indirect间接的impossible不可能的Iunhealthy不健康的irregular不规则的illegal不合法的unhealthy不健康的；incorrect不正确的inactive不活动的;unsuccessful不成功的unsuccessful不成功的O -able (n./v.-*adj.)表示“可以的；显示性质”。O/respectable可敬的 eatable可吃的(riLadj.)表示“具有性质的”。O/-：nervous 紧张的famous 著名的dangerous表示“充满的”。B -ful (n./v.-*
6、adj.)0/ beautiful 漂亮的successful 成功的 wonderful 精彩的表示“没有的”。形容词leQ -less (n.-adj.)O/ jobless 无业的cordless无线的homele”无家可归的cloudy多云的wealthy富有的-y (n.-*adj.)0/funny滑稽的 sunny阳光明媚的lovely可爱的 friendly 友好的fatherly父亲般的.-ly O kn.*adj.) 0 manly有男子气概的foolish愚蠢的bask基础的scientific 科学的 medical医药的expensive昂贵的其它：ish, -ic,
7、-ical, -ive, -al(n.-*adj.) Q personal 个人的educational 教育的 political政治的 progressive 进步的常考后级nervously 紧张地 noisily 吵闲地 广-ly (adj.-adv.) O/副词后缀finally 最后 quietly安静地OX-er表示人或物。0 speaker演讲者，扬声器passenger 旅客X -or (v.-*n.)表示人 O competitor 竞争者director 董事 I /名词后缀chemist化学家 0 typist打字员Eia-ist示“从事者”o/scientist 科学
8、家表示方式，结果，状态。Q. -ment (v.n.) 0/agreement 同意 disappointment 失望-dom 0 表示状况，领域。 0 freedom自由wisdom智慧-th, -ty, -ence (ance)death 死亡 0 honesty 城头二 importance 重要性 O silence 旗动词后缀Q. -fy (n./adj.v.)-is(z)e (adj./n.-v.)表示“使成为，使进入状态”。beautify美化 horrify使恐怖表示“使成为，使化”。 memorize 记住 apologize 道 歉典例分析:【典例1】The whole
9、area has been affected by snow storms in America. (bad).参考译文在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响.答案详解：|提示词bad是形容词，意为“严重的”，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句 意为”在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响.设空处的单词修饰动词affected且 意思是严重地”，所以应填bad的副词形式badly,所以答案为：badly.【典例2】The mountain climbersin finding the way and got to the top finally. (successful) 参考译文登山者成功地找到了路
10、并最终到达了山顶.答案详解：提示词successful是形容词，意为“成功的”，根据所给单词结合语境 可以推测 句意为“登山者成功地找到了路并最终到达了山顶.由于设空处单词在句子中作谓语，且 后面的动词got是过去式,所以应填动词succeed的过去式succeeded,所以答案为:succeeded.【典例3】These software willus to connect computers to the Internet more easily, (ability)参考译文：这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来.答案详解提示词ability的名词，意为“能力”，根据所给单词结合语
11、境 可以推测句意为 ，这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来.，由于设空处单词放在助动词*11 后面且后面有宾语us,所以应填动词enable (使能够)，enable sb to do sth固定用法，使 某人能做某事.所以答案为：enable.【典例4】John felt very thirsty and he drank two of water, (glass)参考译文：|约翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水.答案详解提示词glass是名词，意为“杯子”，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为 ”约翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水.由于设空处单词放在数词two后面，表示“两杯 水”，所以应填复
12、数形式glasses,所以答案为：glasses.【典例5】Mr. Black will make a speech in our school hall at 12： 00 tomorrow. (speak)参考译文：布莱克先生将于明天12点在学校大厅举行一次演讲.答案详解：|提示词speak是动词，意为“说“，根据所给单词结合语境 可以推测句意为” 布莱克先生将于明天12点在学校大厅举行一次演讲.由于设空处单词放在make a后 面，构成短语“做演讲”，所以应填speech,所以答案为：speech.一.构词法一1.合成法1. Which of the following words is
13、 formed in the same way as snowball ?A. dailyB- actorC pancakeD. discussion2. Which of the following words is formed like homework？()A. inventorB raincoatC. dishonestD. careless3. - Lets go on foot. Its walk from here to the cinema.()A. a twenty minuteB. a twenty - minuteC. a twenty - minutesD. a tw
14、enty - minutes4. The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco. The USA. Which of thefollowing words is created in the same way as the word landmark? ()A. unpleasant B. uselessC. summertime D. surprising5. Dear Peter, you have grown up, and you can decide your future(you)6. Which of t
15、he following words is formed like handbag ?()A. meaningfulB , snowmanC protectionD. impatient7. Kate is girl. She*s very happy at school.()A. a eighteen - year - oldB an eighteen - year - oldC an eighteen - years - oldD. a eighteen - years - old8. After the final exams, I will have a vacation in Hai
16、nan.()1. 5 day8. 5 - dayC . 5 daysD. 5 - days9. The Century Park is far from here, indeed its aboutwalk.A. two hoursB , a two hoursC. a two - hoursD. a two - hour10. Well be away for two weeks because well have aA. two - weeks holidayB. two - weeksholidaysC. two - week holidayD. two - weeks holiday二
17、.构词法2派生法（共29小题）11. The boys like playing basketball because they think they can be ( relax )12. Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems. And unless we deal with them, we can (easy) become unhappy.13. The student missed the tour around Donggao Park. (enjoy)14. (luck), John got back the noteb
18、ook that he had lost at the cafe.15. Linda is a top student, she is hard - working. (real)16. It is important for us to protect nature (wise).17. Larry has put on too much weight because of his diet, (healthy)18. . Mother was very angry because I wrote (care).19. They couldnt believe their ears when
19、 they got the (expected) result.20. Nowadays, Wechat is (wide) used among young people.21. Granny is seventy years old now and she is a little (forget).22. The Eiffel Tower, a cultural icon of France, was completed at the end of the(nineteen)century.23. He is one of the great (science ) in the world
20、.24. The great held a big painting exhibition in Shanghai last August. (art)25. Its (terrible) cold today . You should put on more clothes.26. Tom is such a boy that he always tells a lie when he makes a mistake (honest)27. When it*s raining outside, the streets usually become much busier. (heavy)28
21、. People around are happy to make friends with Mike because of his. (honest)29. We watch the(raise) of the national flag in the playground every Monday morning.30. The fruit and vegetables are good for the health (develop) of children.31. I havent received any letters from my pen friend in England (
22、recent)32. It was of you to tell a lie about your age in the interview, (honest)33. My sister is on the left and 1 m the one on the right, (ten)34. The story is told in pictures instead of with words. (main)35. You need to press the button to turn off the radio. (five)36. We found that army life had
23、 changed the young man. (complete)37. It may not take a long time to find a to the problem. (solve)38. Sandy enjoys reading books and she believes it can her whole life. (rich)39. Which of the following suffixes is used to form an adjective? ()A. - lessB. - nessC. - tionD. - ment三.构词法-3.转化法(共31小题)40
24、. - I dont want to take the plane there. Im afraid of flying.-In fact, the plane is (safe) among different forms of transport.41. Our English teacher often asks us to have a (discuss) in groups of four.42. If you want to eat more (health), you should eat less meat and more vegetables .43. While the
25、girl (shop), the alien got out.44. He hasnt told the (true). He is lying.45. Look, the baby is (wake). He is looking at us with a smile.46. She looked (angry) at first but later she happily talked with others.47. Madame Curie will always be remembered for her (discover) of radium.48. The environment
26、 is more and more polluted. How I wish the heavy haze (雾霾) could_ (appear) in our city.49. We finally came to an (agree) - I would cook and Ann would clean.50. Those (thief) car was seen parking behind the bank.51. Everyone likes Millie in our class because she talks to others (polite).52. Dont look
27、 here and there while (iron) the clothes. Its dangerous.53. Always remember that no one can without working hard. (success)54. Last summer I went for a budget trip with my father to. It was great fun. (German)：55. The room was filled with smoke, and it was becoming difficult to. (breath)56. We often
28、 ask (us) how we can do more for our country.57. World Environment Day is on the (five) of June.58. I wonder how much a panda usually (weight) when it is bom.59. Toms parents are with him because he is working very hard, (please)60. The doctor was too tired after he on the patient for a long time. (
29、 operation )61. The article tells us that sometimes money doesnt bring to us. (happy)62. Mum has bought a lot of food from the supermarket nearby. (freeze)63. Several workers were injured in the accident. (serious)64. We should try in every way not to let those factories me environment, (pollution)65. The whole area has been affected by snow storms in America. (bad).