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1、考点22宾语从句丑1命题趋势宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾 语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解 和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。主句+ ( that ) +肯定句宾语从句宾语从句主句+if/vhe山er+陈述句 O 为疑问句从句为特主句+疑问词+陈述句O殊疑问句关系代词指“人 O who, whom, that。 指“物 O which, that复合句定语从句指“时间” Owhen指“地点” Owhere指“原因”Owhy作定语。whose时间 when, whil
2、e, before, after, as, until .地点。where介词+which状语从句条件 O if, unless, as long as(；原因 O because, since, as, for、结果。 so that, in order that让步 O although, though, even though/if比较o than口 的 Oso that, in orderl方式 Oas1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;注意:(1)由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两 组句子：How much does this coat cost?f
3、I want to know how much this coat costs.Where did you go yesterday?f Please tell me where you went yesterday.(2)当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句 语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。Whats wrong with you?怎么 了 ？f He asked the girl what was wrong with her.Whats the matter?怎么了？f He asked the girl what was the m
4、atter.What has happened to him?f We want to know what has happened to him.if/whether引导的宾语从句当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether 意为是否。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see, ask, say, learn, tell, wonder, doubt, find out, be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后,二者通常可以互换。 口语中多用if代替whethero在非正式的写作中，可以使用if
5、或whether两个词来表达不 定性，两者都算标准。I wonder if/whether he is a driver.我想知道他是不是个司机。Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam.爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉问她是否喜欢它。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住在这儿。He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他问我是否可以帮助他。【拓展】
6、一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if,而在以下几种情况下，只能用 whethero1 .与or连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有or not时用 whether, 不用 if。I dont know whether or not they will come.我不矢口道他们是否会来。I dont know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.Let me know whether you can come or not.I dont know whether he will win or not.I will wri
7、te to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.2 .在动词不定式之前只能用whetheroHe doserft know whether to go or not.他不知道是否会去。Please tell us whether to go there or stay here.请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。Whether to go or stay is still a question.Im not sure whether to stay or leave.I didnt know whether to l
8、augh or to cry.3 .在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。It depends on whether I have enough time.那取决于我是否有足够的时间。Success depends on whether we make enough effort.I havent settled the question of whether ril go back home.It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
9、4 .宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether,不用if。Whether this is true, I cant say. Whether he is single, I dont know.Whether this is true, I cant say.Whether he is single, I dont know.5 .在某些动词（如discuss, decide）之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。We discussed whether we should close the shop.（虚拟语气）We discussed whether we should
10、 go there by plane.（虚寸以语气）We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.（虚寸以语气）6 .在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if,而不用whether。He asked me if I hadnt finished my work.注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为dont doubt意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑 虑。在跟踪训练1. 一Do you knowour school?Tomorrow.A. when the American students visitB. when the American st
11、udents will visitC. when do the American students visitD. when will the American students visit【答案】B【详解】句意：你知道美国学生什么时候来参观我们学校吗？ 明天。考查宾语从句。动词“know”后面是宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除选项C和D；根据Tomorrow”可知句子应用一般将来时。故选B。2. Lefs go swimming if it this weekend.But nobody knows if it.B. is fine; will rainA. will be fine;
12、will rainC. is fine; rainsD. will be fine; rains【答案】B【详解】句意： 如果这个周末天气好，我们去游泳吧。但是没人知道会不会下雨。考查时态。第一句话中if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，需遵循“主将从现原则，故从句 时态为一般现在时；第二句中if表示“是否“，引导宾语从句，主句时态为一般现在时，从句 时态没有限制，“this weekend”提示此处该从句时态应为一般将来时。故选B。3. 一What did our math teacher say yesterday? I was ill and didnt come to school.一S
13、he told us.A. why we didnt do our homeworkB that we would have a test next weekC. when will we have a field trip【答案】B【详解】句意：我们的数学老师昨天说了什么？我生病了，没来上学。她告诉我们 下周要考试。考查宾语从句。句子作“tokr的宾语，属于宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除 C；根据“Shetoldus.”可知，陈述老师告诉我们的内容，用陈述句，B项符合语境。故选B。4. 一Im interested in Huawei new smartphones. Do you know
14、?一Next month .A. how can I get oneB. when they will come out C. how much they will be【答案】B【详解】句意：我对华为的新智能手机感兴趣。你知道他们什么时候出来吗？ 下个 月。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除A；根据“Next month”可知上文询 问时间，用when引导宾语从句。故选B。5. Do you know? Sorry, I dont know.A. whats the population of JapanB what the population of France isC. h
15、ow many is the population of France【答案】B【详解】句意： 你知道法国的人口是多少吗？ 对不起，我不知道。考查宾语从句。对人口提问常用句型为：Whats the population of?且本句是宾语从句，因 此从句要用陈述句语序，故选B。6. 一Excuse me, could you please tell me?一Sure. Ifs about ten minutes5 walk.A. how I can reach the nearest bookstoreB. how can I reach the nearest bookstoreC. how
16、 far the nearest bookstore isD. how far is the nearest bookstore【答案】C【详解】句意：打扰一下，你可以告诉我最近的书店有多远吗？ 当然可以。走路大 约需要十分钟。考查宾语从句。te1是双宾语动词，因此此空是宾语从句，宾语从句应用 陈述语序，排除选项B和D；根据答语“1六about ten minutes，walk.”可知I应提问路程有多远, 用“how far”引导。故选C。7. 一The Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship has just come back from space. Do you kno
17、w9 *一The journey lasted for six months. It shows China is making great progress in space exploration.A where it landed on the earthB. how long it travelled in spaceC. when scientists sent it to spaceD. how many astronauts were in it【答案】B【详解】句意:神舟十三号载人飞船刚从太空回来。你知道它在太空航行了多久吗？ 这次航行持续了六个月。这表明中国在太空探索中正取得
18、巨大的进步。考查宾语从句。根据答语“The journey lasted for six months.”可知此处应提问“多长时间”，用 “how long”引导宾语从句，且宾语从句应用陈述语序，因此用“how long it travelled in space”。故选B。8. 一Linda, could you tell me?一Sure, its easy. Just choose the things you want and pay fbr them by Wechat.A. when I will receive my vegetablesB. how I can buy vege
19、tables on the appC. what vegetables I can buy on the phoneD. how much I should pay for the vegetables【答案】B【详解】句意：Linda,你能告诉我如何在应用程序上购买蔬菜吗？ 当然，这很容 易。选择想要的东西，微信支付就可以了。考查宾语从句。根据答语“Just choose the things you want and pay for them by Wechat.”可知，问句应该是询问如何买东西，因此是how引导的宾 语从句。故选B。9. 一I want to know more abou
20、t Chinese astronauts, life in the the China Space Station (CSS).一You can watch these videos. They show.A. why the astronauts are mostly menB. how the astronauts live and work thereC. where the astronauts trained fbr the tasksD. who the astronauts are going to the CSS with【答案】B【详解】句意：我想更多地了解中国宇航员在中国空
21、间站(CSS)的生活。你可以 看这些视频。他们展示了宇航员如何在那里生活和工作。考查宾语从句。why the astronauts are mostly men为什么宇航员大多是男性；how the astronauts live and work there宇航员如何在那 里生活和工作；where the astronauts trained for the tasks宇航员在哪里接受任务训练；who the astronauts are going to the CSS with 宇航员将和谁一起去 CSSo 根据“know more about Chinese astronauts9 l
22、ife in the the China Space Station (CSS).”可知是了解中国宇航员在中国空 间站(CSS)的生活，是工作和生活的方式。故选B。10. Could you tell me?一He wants to show the true friendship to readers by telling stories.A. what the readers think of the bookB. how the writer met his friend in the bookC. what the writer means in the bookD. how the
23、writers friend likes this book【答案】c【详解】句意：你能告诉我作者在书中的意思吗？ 他想通过讲故事向读者展示真正 的友谊。考查宾语从句。根据答语“He wants to show the true friendship to readers by telling stories.”可知，作者想通过讲故事向读者展示真正的友谊，所以问句应该是询问作者意图。 故选C。11. 一Jane, do you know?一They are working hard to solve the math problem.A who are best at math in your
24、 classB. why there are so many students hereC. when they discussed about the problemD. what they plan to do for the competition【答案】B【详解】句意：简，你知道为什么这里有这么多学生吗？他们正在努力解决这道数 学题。考查宾语从句。根据“They are working hard to solve the math problem”可知此处回答他 们正在努力解决这个数学题，结合选项可知，上文应询问为什么有那么多学生，选项B符 合语境。故选B。12. Remember V
25、ivien? She is still in good shape and looks even younger.一Oh, really? I havent seen her for nearly ten years. Could you tell me?A. when she would come backB. that she has got marriedC how can she manage to do thatD. where she has been these years【答案】D【详解】句意： 记得薇薇安吗？她仍然保持良好的身材，看起来更年轻。哦，真 的吗？我已经近十年没见到
26、她了。你能告诉我这些年她在哪里吗？考查宾语从句。宾语从句三要素：语序，时态，引导词，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，选项C 语序不正确，排除。Could在这表示委婉语气，不是过去式，排除A；选项B的引导词不用 that,应该用if/whether引导，排除。故选D。13. The book Gulliver in Liliput is very exciting.Really? Can you tell me?A. where can I borrow itB. when did the author write itC. how long I can keep itD. that I can bor
27、row it【答案】c【详解】句意:格列佛在小人国这本书是非常令人激动的。真的吗？你能告诉 我我能借它多久吗？考查宾语从句及其语序。根据Can you tell me”可知此处应填宾语从句，其语序应为陈述句 语序，而由that I can borrow it”可知意义表达不完整，故选Co14. 一Do you know?Her mother has finished her medical work in Shanghai and will return home soon.A. what makes Lily so happyB. who Lilys mother works withC.
28、how often Lily calls her motherD. why Lilys mother misses her so much【答案】A【详解】句意： 你知道什么事让Lily这么开心吗？ 她的妈妈已经完成了在上海的 医疗工作，马上就会回家了。考查宾语从句的用法。根据答语“Her mother has finished her medical work in Shanghai and will return home soon.”可知问句应提问的是“什么事”，因此用 “wha俨引导，在宾语从句中作主语，表示“什么事，故选A。1. （2022四川四川中考真题）一Can you tell
29、 me the book sale is?一Sure. On Thursday morning.A. whenB. whereC. whyD. what【答案】A【详解】句意： 你能告诉我书展是什么时候吗？ 当然。周四早上。考查宾语从句。 when何时；where哪里；why为什么；what什么。根据答语“On Thursday morning.”可知，对时间进行提问，故选A。2. （2022内蒙古呼和浩特中考真题）一What else did the students ask Chinese astronaut Nie Haisheng about the space station?-Th
30、ey asked him.A. how long would he stay thereB. when he will arriveC. how did he communicate with his familyD. how much the spacesuit cost【答案】D【详解】句意：关于空间站，学生们还问了中国航天员聂海胜什么？ 他们问他航天 服多少钱。考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空格处是宾语从句，应为陈述语序，故排除A、 C选项。根据“asked”可知，主句是一般过去时，从句也应为过去的某种时态，B选项是一般 将来时，故排除。故选D。3. （2022江苏淮安中考真题）一 Mum
31、, I found a wallet on the bus this morning.一 I think you should give it to the police and they may know.A how is the owner B. who is the owner C. how the owner is D. who the owner is【答案】D【详解】句意：妈妈。今天早上我在公共汽车上发现了一个钱包。我想你应该把它 交给警察，他们也许会知道主人是谁。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排 除 AB；结合I think you should give it t
32、o the police and they may know.可知，是可能知道主 人是谁。故选D。4. （2022山东青岛中考真题）一I am new here. Can you tell me my classmates?一Try to be warm-hearted and ready to help others.A where I can get on well withB. whether I can get on well withC. when I can get on well withD. how I can get on well with【答案】D【详解】句意：我是新来的
33、。你能告诉我怎样才能和同学相处好吗？ 要热心并乐于 助人。考查宾语从句。根据“Try to be warm-hearted and ready to help others.”可知此处是问如何才能和同学相处好，应用how引导宾语从句，故选D。5. （2022江苏盐城中考真题）一Can you tell me?一Never spend too much time on screen.A how we can have bright eyesB. why we should protect our eyesC. where we can see an eye doctorD. when we sh
34、ould do eye exercises【答案】A【详解】句意:你能告诉我怎样才能拥有明亮的眼睛吗？ 不要花太多时间在屏幕上。考查宾语从句的引导词。how如何，怎样；why为什么；where哪里；when什么时候。根 据“Never spend too much time on screen”可推测出，在询问如何才能拥有明亮的眼镜，“如何, 怎样”，此时应用关系副词how引导宾语从句。故选A。6. （2022.四川.巴中市教育科学研究所中考真题）一Zhu Hui, can you tell me?We make Zongzi and watch boat races.A. why do yo
35、u like the Dragon Boat FestivalB how you celebrate the Mid-Autumn FestivalC. when Chinese people celebrate the Chinese New YearD. what Chinese people usually do on the Dragon Boat Festival【答案】D【详解】句意：朱慧，你能告诉我中国人通常在端午节做什么吗？ 我们做粽子和看 龙舟赛。考查常识以及宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A选项。根据 答语“We make Zongzi and watch b
36、oat races”可知，做粽子和看龙舟赛是端午节的习俗，故选 Do7. （2022.湖北襄阳.中考真题）一Excuse me, I wonder.It should be classified（分类）first and then thrown into different bins.A. where can I throw the rubbishB. how I deal with the rubbishC. if I needed to throw the rubbish hereD. what should I do with the rubbish2 .宾语从句的语序；3 .宾语从句的
37、时态。考向一：宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾 语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1 .由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可 以省略。He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2 .由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, wher
38、e, why, how引导的宾语 从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3 .由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked
39、me whether (if) I could help him.考向二：宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。1 .陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。He is an honest boy. The teacher said.The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.【答案】B【详解】句意：对不起，我想知道我该如何处理垃圾。它应该首先分类，然后扔进 不同的垃圾箱。考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AD选项。结合语境可知此处是 一般现在时，再根据It should be classified（分类）f
40、irst and then thrown into different bins”可知 是问怎么处理垃圾，故选B。8. （2022.湖匕黄石中考真题）Therea volleyball game next Saturday. If itwell have to put it off.A. is going to be; rainsB. is going to be; will rainC. is going to have; will rainD. is going to have; rains【答案】A【详解】句意：下周六将有一场排球比赛。如果下雨，我们将不得不推迟。考查therebe句 型
41、和时态。第一句为there be句型，根据“next Saturday”可知，应用一般将来时，其谓语结 构为will be/is going to be；第二句含有if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，主语it 为第三人称单数，所以谓语应填动词的第三人称单数形式。另外there be句型不和have连 用，故选A。9. （2022湖1 匕黄石中考真题）Excuse me. Could you tell me?Certainly. Go along Center Street and turn left at the second crossing. You will find it.A.
42、where is the nearest shopping mallB. where was the nearest shopping mallC. where the nearest shopping mall isD. where the nearest shopping mall was【答案】c【详解】句意：打扰一下。你能告诉我最近的购物中心在哪里吗？ 当然可以。沿着 中央大街走，在第二个十字路口向左拐。你会找到的。考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AB；问路 用一般现在时，结合主句可知主现从不限，排除D。故选C。10. （2022辽宁鞍山中考真
43、题）一What did Mary say to you?She asked me.B where Mike goesA. when our teacher will come backC. why I liked the beef noodlesD. if there are new words in the article【答案】C【详解】句意：玛丽对你说了什么？ 她问我为什么喜欢牛肉面。考查宾语从句。根 据“She asked me”可知，此处是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句也要用相应过去的时态, 可排除ABD选项。故选C。11. （2022江苏南通中考真题）Sandy asked th
44、e boy.A. why did he like English filmsB. how he will improve his EnglishC. why he read the English magazineD. how many new words he has learned【答案】c【详解】句意：桑迪问男孩为什么看英文杂志。考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，本句是宾语 从句，需用陈述语序，可排除A选项；再根据Sandy asked the boy”可知，主句是一般过去 时，从句也要用相应的过去时态，可排除BD选项。故选C。12. （2022吉林长春中考真题）一 Mr. Li, could
45、 you please tell me?一 Sure. We usually eat mooncakes and get together.A. how you celebrate the Mid-Autumn FestivalB. how do you celebrate the Mid-Autumn FestivalC. when you celebrate the Mid-Autumn FestivalD when do you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival【答案】A【详解】句意：李先生，你能告诉我你们是怎么庆祝中秋节的吗？ 当然。我们通常 吃月饼和
46、聚会。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和D选项。根 据答语“We usually eat mooncakes and get together”可知,询问庆祝节日的方式，用how引导 宾语从句，故选A。13. （2022辽宁锦州中考真题）一Marys birthday is coming. I dont know.Why not buy a scarf for her?A. what I should doB when I should buy her a giftC where I should have a party for herD. who I should in
47、vite【答案】A【详解】句意：玛丽的生日快到了。我不知道该怎么办。为什么不给她买条围巾呢？考查宾语从句。根据“Why notbuy ascarfforher?”可知此处是建议去做的事情，说明上句是 问应该怎么做，应用what引导宾语从句，故选A。14. （2022辽宁抚顺中考真题）一Could you tell me?一 At the end of May.A why you called meB when you got the prizeC how the weather was thereD. where you went on a trip【答案】B【详解】句意：你能告诉我你是什么时候得奖的吗？